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一、词汇短语
in-between [7inbi5twi:n] adj. 在中间的
n. 局中的物体;中间人;中间存在者
例句In most cases there is no in-between state. 在大多数情况下,没有中间状态。
motto [5mCtEu] n.座右铭,格言,警句
例句“Waste not, want not” was my mother’smotto. “勤俭节约,吃穿不愁”是我妈的座右铭。
词组school motto 校训
助记读:猫头,原指刻有猫头的盾牌的背面刻着的座右铭。
demonstrate [5demEnstreit] v.. 证明;展示;论证
vi. 示威
例句He demonstrated how touse the new machine. 他演示怎样使用这台新机器。
词组demonstrate sth. to sb.向某人示范某事
demonstrateagainst示威反对
助记demon(魔鬼)+st(大街上)+rate(速度)→魔鬼在大街上示范杀人速度。
派生demonstrative adj. 说明的;证明的;公开表露感情的
demonstrationn. 示范;证明;示威游行
instinctively [In5stINktIvli]adv. 本能地;凭直觉地;直觉地
例句Ashe leaned towards her, she instinctively recoiled. 他向她靠近,她本能地往后缩。
integrity[in5te^riti] n. 正直,诚实;完整,完全
例句You can trust him; he is a man of complete integrity. 你可以相信他,他是一个刚正不阿的人。
morality[mR5rAliti] n. 道德,美德;道德性
例句They are discussing the morality of abortion. 他们正在讨论堕胎的道德性。
助记m(谐音:妈)+oral(口头的)+ity(名词后缀)→妈妈的口头语是讲道德
sell out卖完;卖光
例句Sleeping bags soldout almost immediately. 睡袋几乎一眨眼就卖完了。
expediency [ik5spi:diEnsi,-Ens] n. 方便,适合;权益之计(应急的手段);私利
例句He acted fromexpediency, not from principle. 他为求达到目的,丧失了原则。
助记ex出,ped脚—把脚拔出去—权益之计。
berelative to与…有关;与…成比例;随…转移
scarcer [5skZEsiti]n. 缺乏,不足
adj. 缺乏的,罕见的(scarce的比较级)
例句Asoil gets scarcer and more expensive, nature gas will become more and moreimportant.
随着石油的匮乏和价格上涨,天然气就会变得越来越重要。
demandof要求;向…索取
triad [5traiEd] n. 三个一组;三幅一组;[音]三和音
例句For the faculty, there exists the triad of responsibilities:teaching, research, and service.
教员要承担三重责任:教学、研究与服务。
conviction[kEn5vikFEn] n. 确信;定罪
例句This was her third conviction for cheating. 这是她第三次被判犯有欺诈罪。
助记con(共同)+vict(联想victory)+ion→深信共同努力就会成功
surgical[5sE:dVikEl] adj. 外科的,外科医生的;手术上的
n. 外科病房;外科手术
例句The hospital imported some surgical instruments. 医院进口了一些外科器械。
搭配a surgical procedure手术程序
surgicaloperation 外科手术式的作战;切开手术
accountfor对…负有责任;对…做出解释;说明……的原因;导致;(比例)占
例句①These products, in total, account for about 80% of all our sales. 这些产品总共约占我们全部销售额的80%。
②How can we account for the recent population explosion? 我们如何能解释最近人口激增的现象?
abdominal [Ab5dCminl] adj. 腹部的
例句Abdominal tissues sometimes adhere after an operation. 手术之后腹部有时会出现粘连。
surgeon[5sE:dVEn] n. 外科医生
例句This surgeon was highly appreciated by the patient for his successfuloperation.
由于手术非常成功,病人非常感谢这位外科医生。
助记猪(pig)经过千年(eon)才变成鸽子(pigeon),其中超级的(sur)才能成为外科医生(surgeon)。
sponge[spQndV] n. 海绵,海绵状物
v. 用海绵擦拭
例句I am cooking a sponge cake withjam filling. 我在做果酱松糕。
词组sponge sb. /oneself/sth. (down) 用海绵或海绵状物擦拭或清洗某人[自己/某物]
spongeon/off sb. 依赖他人为生;当食客;从某人那儿白得(钱﹑ 食物等);揩油
spongesth. up 用海绵等将(液体)吸掉
助记谐音:“死胖子”→像海绵一样肥胖。
rookie [5rJkI] n.新手,生手,新来的人
例句I don't want to have another rookie to train. 我不想再训练一个新手。
助记cookie 饼干,象吃饼干的小孩一样幼稚→新手
back down放弃(主张、要求、承诺等);打退堂鼓
例句He had to back down on plans to backdate the tax changes. 他不得不放弃追溯税收调整的计划。
progressive[prE5^resiv] adj. 前进的;先进的,进步的;逐渐的
例句This is a very progressive firm that uses the most modern systems. 这家公司采用最现代化的系统,非常先进。
precise[pri5sais] adj. 精确的,准确的;严谨的
例句The victim was able to give a precise description of the suspect. 受害者能够清晰地描绘嫌疑犯。
词组to be more precise 更确切地说
助记(音义串联)辣妹要晒黑时,需要精确地调整紫外线指数,以免怕晒死。谐音提示:怕晒死。
派生precisely adv. 精确地;恰恰
precision n. 精度,精密度;精确
facade [fE5sB:d] n. 正面;外表,外观
例句Her honesty was all a facade. 她的诚实只是一种表面现象。
词组the grim facts behind the facade ofgaiety 欢乐外表后面的冷酷事实
a facade of indifference 假装冷漠
助记face 脸,面向→正面;face + ad 广告里的人脸,外表虚伪的,比如护扶霜的美女脸。
engage in参加,从事,忙于;经营
例句I have no time to engage in the debate. 我没时间参加辩论。
cover-up [5kQvE7Qp] n. 掩饰;隐蔽
例句General Schwarzkopf denied there'd been any cover-up. 施瓦茨科普夫将军否认曾经有任何掩饰行为。
component[kEm5pEunEnt] n. 成分;部件,元件
adj. 组成的,构成的,合成的
例句Each component is carefully checked before assembly. 每个零件在装配前都经过仔细检查。
助记com(共同)+pon(放)+ent(物)→放到一起的东西→成分
succumb to屈服于;屈从
例句They will never succumb to the enemies. 他们决不向敌人屈服。
seductive [si5dQktiv] adj.引诱的,诱惑的,勾引的,吸引人的,有魅力的,性感的
例句I long to be seductive and tempting. 我渴望变得性感迷人。
词组a seductive idea 一个很有诱惑力的主意
a seductive smile 魅惑的笑容
seductive eyes 迷人的眼睛
win the day得胜;占上风;取得成功(等于carry the day)
例句Patient men win the day. 能忍者胜。
rearview mirror(车辆)后视镜
例句This outlook is like driving using the rearview mirror. 这种观点就像开车时使用后视镜。
二、课文精解
Intensive Reading
1. Theyunderstood instinctively that integrity means having a personal standard ofmorality and ethics that does not “sell out” to expediency and that is notrelative to the situation at hand:第一个that引导宾语从句作understood的宾语,第二、三个that引导定语从句修饰ethics。instinctively本能地。sellout卖完,卖光;出卖,背叛。例:You don’t have to sell out andwork for some corporation. 你没有必要出卖自己为某公司工作。be relative to与…有关。例:Beauty is relative to thebeholder’s eye. 美和观者的眼光有关系。at hand在手边;即将到来。例:As the selling season is at hand, lots offresh orders will pour in. 由于销售旺季即将来临,大量新订单会源源不断地涌来。
2. Unfortunately,integrity is in short supply today and getting scarcer:in short supply供应不足;缺乏。例:These goods are in short supply; the pricewill be high. 这些商品现正供应不足,价格会上涨。supply常与with连用,构成词组supply sb. with sth. ,表示“供应某人某物”,例:Cows supply us with milk. 奶牛为我们供应牛奶。
3. Andit is something we must demand of ourselves:we must demand of ourselves作定语修饰something。demand of要求;向…索取。例:She demanded an apology of him. 她要求他道歉。demand也常与for搭配,构成词组demand for,表示“对…的需求”,例:As populations increase, thedemand for water grows accordingly. 随着人口的增长,用水量也相应增加。
4. Standfirmly for your convictions in the face of persona/pressure:stand for该处意思是“支持”,此外,stand for还可表示“代表;象征;担任…的候选人”,例:The party is trying to give the impressionthat it alone stands for democracy. 该党正企图让人觉得只有它才代表民主。stand的常用词组还包括stand out(突出;站出来;坚持到底)、stand by(支持;袖手旁观;站在旁边)等。in face of面对…。
5. Shewas responsible for ensuring that all instruments and materials were accountedfor during an abdominal operation:that从句作ensuring的宾语。注意ensure与assure的区别:ensure强调使人确信某个行为或力量产生的后果;assure通常指消除某人思想上的怀疑或担心。be responsible for对…负责;是…的原因。例:You should be responsible for all theconsequences. 你应当为这一切后果承担责任。account for对…负有责任;对…做出解释;说明…的原因。例:How do you account for thecompany’s alarmingly high staff turnover?你怎么解释这家公司高得惊人的人员流动率?
6. Whenyou know you’re right, you can’t back down:back down放弃,让步。例:Since most of the people presentagreed with her, I had to back down. 大多数到会的人都同意她的意见,我只好放弃原来的意见了。give up意思与之相近,表示“放弃”。
7. DavidOgilvy, founder of Ogilvy & Mather, made this point clear to his newlyappointed office heads by sending each a Russian nesting doll with fiveprogressively smaller figures inside:appointed被任命的。figure此处表示“人物”,此外,figure还有“数字;图形;价格;(人的)体形”等意思,例:It will not be long before the inflationfigure starts to fall. 过不了多久,通货膨胀的数字就会开始下降。
8. Peoplewho lack genuine core values rely on external factors—focusing on theirlooks or status in order to feel good about themselves:定语从句who lack genuine core values修饰people,破折号之后的内容是对前面的解释说明,in order to feel good about themselves作目的状语。lack此处是及物动词,作名时常用lack of词组,表示“缺乏”,例:She put his failure to lack of experience. 她把他的失败归咎于缺乏经验。core values核心价值观。rely on依靠,依赖。例:We have to rely on him to make thedesign. 我们不得不仰仗着他来进行这项设计。focus on以(某事物)为重点;集中注意力于。例:He finds it hard to focus his thoughts on onething for longer than five minutes. 他发现他很难把他的注意力集中在一件事情上超过五分钟。
9. Don’tengage in personal cover-up of areas that are unpleasant in your life:定语从句that are unpleasant in your life修饰areas。engagein从事于(参加)。例:I don’t engage myself in suchaffairs. 我不参与这种事情。
10. Alife of principle, of not succumbing to the seductive Sirens of an easymorality, will always win the day:本句主语是Alife of principle, of not succumbing to the seductive Sirens of an easymorality,其中两个介词短语of principle和of not succumbing to the seductive Sirens ofan easy morality作定语修饰life。succumbto屈服于。例:He would not succumb to such anitem. 他不会对这样的条款做出让步的。win the day得胜;占上风;取得成功(等于carry the day)。例:Logicwon’t win the day, but in most organizations, it’s not completely ignored. 逻辑可能在今天并不能获胜,但是在大多数组织中,它并不会完全被忽略。