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U
一、词汇短语
SECTIONA
reward [ri5wC:d] n. (for)报酬,赏金
v. (for)酬劳,奖赏;酬谢
例句How can I reward yourkindness? 我该如何报答你的好意呢?
词组reward with 奖赏
in reward for 作为报答;作为…的报酬
助记re(加强语气)+ward(警戒,监视)→因警惕而被酬谢
rewarding [rI5wC:dIN] adj. 报答的,有益的,值得的
例句Finishing a long run is avery rewarding experience.完成一段长跑是一项非常有益的体验。
助记源于:reward(v. 奖赏)
frustrate [frQs5treit] v. 挫败,阻挠;使感到灰心
adj. 挫败的;无益的
例句A poor memory frustratedher efforts to become an actress. 糟糕的记忆力阻碍了她成为女演员。
词组be frustrated in在…方面归于失败
派生frustration n. 挫折
frustrating [frQs5treitiN] adj. 令人沮丧的
例句It's frustrating tohave to wait so long. 要等这么长时间,真令人懊恼。
be worth sth./doing sth.值得…的
例句Thisrestaurant is well worth a visit. 这家饭店非常值得光顾一番。
junior [5dVu:njE]adj. 年少的,年幼的;低年级的;后进的;资历较浅的
n. 年少者;大三学生;下级,晚辈
例句He is juniorto me though he’s older. 虽然他比我年长,但级别比我低。
助记猪一样的(谐音)。大三的你睁一只眼闭一只眼,生活得过且过,日子在睡眠中度过,过着像猪一样的生活。
positive [5pCzitiv] adj. 确实的,确信的;积极的;正的;十足的
例句I’m positive he’s right. 我坚信他是正确的。
助记posit(看作post邮件)+ive→邮件上的地址要写清楚→明确的
senior [5si:njE] adj. 年长的;资格较老的,地位较高的
n. 年长者;上级;(大学)四年级学生
例句She teaches a senior class. 她教一个高年级班。
词组be senior to 比…年长;比…地位高
助记大四的你双眼看着外面的世界很迷离,工作不知在哪里。
派生seniority n. 长辈;老资格
be eager to盼望,渴望要做…
例句I ameager to learn how to ride a bicycle. 我急于想学会骑自行车。
former [5fC:mE] pron. 前者
adj. 在前的,以前的
n. 形成者;创造者;前者
例句Jane and Mary aregood friends; the former is a teacher, the latter is a nurse.
珍和玛丽是好朋友,前者是老师,后者是护士。
助记form(形成)+er(人,物)→已形成的东西→在前的
unlike [7Qn5laik]adj. 不同的,不相似的
prep. 和…不同,不相似
例句This is unlike volcanicactivity above the sea. 这同高出洋面的火山活动是不同的。
派生unlikelihood n. 不可信;未必有;不大可能的事
far from远离;远非;完全不
例句It isfar from the truth. 事实远非如此。
a couple of两个,一些,几个
例句I sawa couple of men get out. 我看见有两个男人出去了。
intimidate [in5timideit] v. 恫吓,威胁,胁迫
例句He said he would never beintimidated by big names and authorities. 他说他决不会被名人、权威所吓倒。
词组intimidate sb. into doingsth. 恐吓某人做某事
助记in(使)+timid(害怕)+ate→使人害怕→恐吓
派生intimidation n. 恐吓,威胁
opportunity [7CpE5tju:niti] n. 机会,时机
例句We have few opportunitiesof speaking English. 我们很少有机会说英语。
助记op(进入)+port(港口)+unity→进入港口休整是个好机会
online [7Cn5lain]adj. 联机的
adv. 联机地
词组online shopping网上购物
communication [kE7mju:ni5keiFn] n. 传达,交流,沟通;通讯,通信
例句Radiocommunication has annihilated space. 无线电通讯已消除了空间的阻隔。
词组communicationwith 与…交流;与…通讯
modem[5m[udem] n. 调制解调器
vt. 通过调制解调器向…发送电子邮件
例句He sent his work tohis publishers by modem. 他通过调制解调器把作品发给他的出版商。
access [5Akses] n. 进入,接入,到达;享用权;入口
vt. 存取;接近
例句As her private secretary he has access to all her correspondence. 他是她的私人秘书,能接触到她所有的信件。
词组have/gain/get/obtain access to得接近;得会见;得进入;得使用
助记ac(一再)+cess(走)→一再地走过去一接近
派生adj. accessible 易接近的;可进入的;可理解的
n. accessibility 易接近;可亲;可以得到
accession 增加;就职;到达
participate [pB:5tisipeit] v. (in)参与,参加;分享,分担;含有,带有
例句In a modern democracypeople want to participate more fully. 在现代民主政体中,人们要求更多的参与。
派生adj. participant参与的;有关系的
virtual [5vE:tjuEl]adj. 虚拟的;实际上的,实质的
例句She is the virtualpresident, though her title is secretary. 虽然她的头衔是秘书,她是实际上的董事长。
commitment [kE5mitmEnt] n. 承诺;保证;承担义务;献身;委托
例句ThePresident affirmed America’s commitment to its transatlantic (ie European)allies.
总统申明美国履行对其欧洲盟国承担的义务。
搭配make acommitment 承诺
助记Com共同,mit=meet相遇:我们约好在小花园相遇,这是承诺。
discipline [5disiplin] n. 纪律;学科
v. 约束;训练;惩罚
例句Students must learn to discipline themselves. 大学生必须学会约束自己。
助记dis(不)+cip(拿)+line(线)→不站成一线就要受惩罚
派生adj. disciplinary 规律的;训练的;训诫的
keep up with赶上;不落后
例句She is struggling to keep up with her schoolwork. 她在努力完成作业。
minimum [5minimEm]n. 最小值;最低限度
adj. 最小的,最低的
例句You’ll need a minimumdeposit of $20,000. 你必须有一笔最低额为2万美元的存款。
词组a minimum of 至少;最少的
助记minim(小)+um(名词后缀)→最小(的)
assignment [E5sainmEnt] n. 分配,委派,任务
例句Fast as you do, you can’t finish the assignment in two hours.
尽管你做得快,总也不能在两小时内将功课做完。
embarrass [im5bArEs]v. 使困窘,使局促不安;阻碍,妨碍
例句When I began to sing, helaughed and made me embarrassed. 我开始唱歌时,他大笑起来,使我感到很窘。
词组be embarrassed by因…而感到困窘、局促不安
助记em(用)+bar(棍子)+r+ass(屁股)→同学们都是有身份的人(都有身份证),被人打屁股会很窘迫
派生adj. embarrassed尴尬的;窘迫的
n. embarrassment 窘迫,难堪;使人为难的人或事物;拮据
embarrassing [im5bArEsiN] adj. 令人为难的
例句The spokesman parriedcleverly an embarrassing question.发言人巧妙地回避了一个令人难堪的提问。
frustration [frQs5treiFEn] n. 挫败;挫折;受挫
例句He ground his teeth(together) in frustration. 他因失败而把牙咬得咯咯响。
词组end in frustration以失败告终
deep frustration灰心丧气
post [pEJst] n. 杆;哨所;岗位,职位;(支)柱;邮政,邮寄
v. 张贴,公布;邮寄
例句①The fence was held up bywooden posts. 这围栏是用木桩支撑着的。
②I notified the post office that my address had changed. 我把变更的地址通知了邮局。
词组post sth. (over) 将告示、招贴等贴在某物上
by post 以写信的方式
(as) deaf as apost 聋得什么也听不到
(as) stiff as apost 直挺挺地
keep sb. posted不断为某人提供有关某事的最新消息
(be) first pastthe post以得票最多(但不一定超过半数)在选举中获胜
助记跑死它(古时送紧急信件时,常会让马跑的累死)。邮件
派生postal adj. 邮政的;邮局的
poster n. 海报,广告;招贴
postage n. 邮资,邮费
come across偶然遇到;偶然发现
例句We must hang in wheneverwe come across difficulties. 我们遇到困难时一定要坚持不懈。
continual [kEn5tinjuEl] adj. 不停的,连续的,频繁的
例句He hates these continualarguments. 他讨厌这种无休止的争论。
continually [kEn5tInjJElI] adv. 不断地,频繁地
例句She continually failed togain promotion because of her sex. 她因为是女性而迟迟得不到晋升。
reap [ri:p] v. 收割,收获
例句She reaped large profitsfrom her unique invention. 她从她那奇特的发明中获得了大量的利益。
助记r与P对调,收获(reap)梨子(pear)。
benefit [5benifit]n. 利益,好处;救济金,保险金
vt. 有益于,有助于
vi. (from,by)受益
例句You will benefit from hergood example. 你将从她的好榜样中得益。
词组benefit from得益于;得利于;因…而得到好处
助记bene(好)+fit(适应)→适应好就会有好处
trade…for用…换…
例句I’lltrade you my chocolate for your ice cream.我用我的巧克力换你的冰淇淋。
insight [5insait] n. 洞察力,见识
例句The book shows deepinsights into human character. 这本书显示了对人性极深的洞察力。
词组gain/have an insight into了解, 熟悉; 看透, 识破
助记in 里面 + sight 看到里面,看到事情的本质的→洞察力
communicate [kE5mju:nikeit] v. 传达;交流;通讯;沟通(交换思想);传染
例句I like to communicate withmy family. 我喜欢和我的家人沟通。
词组communicate with 沟通,通话
助记corn(共同)+mun(服务)+icate(做)→互相服务→交流,交际
派生adj. communicating交流的;通信的
n. communication 通讯,[通信] 通信;交流
reach out to接触,联系
例句Theyhave tried to reach out to the missing man.他们已经尽力联系那位失踪者。
gap [^Ap] n. 缺口;差距;空白;缺乏
vi. 裂开
vt. 使成缺口
例句The sheep got out of the ranch through a gap in thehedge. 羊从树篱的间隙中跑出牧场。
词组generation gap代沟
income gap收入差距
助记地图(map)上它们的间隔(gap)没这么大
SECTIONB
forum [5fC:rEm] n. 论坛,讨论会
例句①The letters page of this newspaper is a forumfor public argument.
这份报纸的读者来信栏是公众意见的论坛。
②Parliament serves as a forum for debate. 议会是一个进行辩论的论坛。
助记for向,去 + room 去房间咱们谈谈
助记forum原指“古罗马城镇的广场”,现指“论坛”;是会议场所”的意思,即人们讨论问题的地方。
remove [ri5mu:v] v. 排除,消除;搬迁,移动
例句Remove the dishes from thetable. 把盘子从桌上拿走。
词组remove oneself 走开
remove from 除掉;移动
助记re + move 移动,离开
派生removal n. 免职;移动;排除;搬迁
visual [5viVjuEl]adj. 看得见的,视觉的
n. 吸引视觉的图画,画面(常用复数)
例句The opera was an aural aswell as a visual delight. 这部歌剧对于听觉和视觉都是一种享受。
助记vis(看)+ual(…的)→看得见的。
barrier [5bAriE] n. 障碍,屏障,关卡
vt. 把…关入栅栏
例句Thepolice put a barrier across the road. 警察设了路障。
助记bar + er 拦阻的东西
hinder [5hindE] v. 妨碍,干扰,阻碍
adj. 后面的
例句The heavy rain hinderedthe road transportation. 大雨阻碍了公路交通。
词组hinder sb. (from working) 妨碍某人(工作)
助记hind(后面)+er→落在后面→阻碍,妨碍
派生hindrance n. 障碍;妨碍;妨害;阻碍物
addition [E5diFEn] n. 加;加法;附加部分,增加(物)
例句Our baby brotheris an addition to our family. 新出生的弟弟使我们家多了一口人。
词组in addition也,另外
in addition to除…之外
addition to sth增加
with theaddition of 外加
助记add + tion 表名词
reflect [ri5flekt]v. 反映;反省,考虑;指责
例句①Baseball reflects America’s history. 棒球反映出美国的历史。
②Reflects on her country’s place in history. 思考下她的国家在历史上的地位。
词组reflect on/upon 思考,反省;招致,给…带来影响
助记re(再,又)+flect(弯曲)→反射
派生reflective adj. 反射的;反映的;沉思的
reflection n. 反射;沉思;映象
environment [in5vaiErEnmEnt] n. 环境,外界;围绕,环绕
例句The children have a happyenvironment at school. 孩子们在学校有一个快乐的环境。
派生environmental adj. 环境的,周围的;有关环境的
critical [5kritikEl] adj. 批评的;危急的;重要的
例句A critical temperature ofwater is 100℃. 在标准大气压力下,水的沸点为100℃。
词组critical of吹毛求疵的,对…表示不满的
助记cr(联想:cry)+it+ical(形容词后缀)→为它而哭的→批评的
perspective [pE5spektiv] n. 透视画法;前途;观点,看法
例句It is useful occasionallyto look at the past to gain a perspective on the present. 偶尔回顾过去有助于展望未来。
词组get…into perspective恰当地对待
助记per(全部)+spect(看)→ivp全部都看到的→透视(画,画法)
peer [piE] n. 同等的人,同龄的人;贵族
v. 仔细地看,费力地看;隐现,微现
例句The moon peered frombehind dark clouds. 月亮在浓云后面若隐若现。
词组peer at 凝视
助记小眼睛(ee)眼角(r)的鱼尾纹→眯着眼睛努力看→凝视;谐音“瞟”,凝视。
instructor [in5strQktE] n. 指导者,教员;指导书
例句Thedriving instructor told me to pull up at the post office. 驾驶教练让我在邮局停车。
词组fitnessinstructor 健美师;健身指导
training instructor 训练教官;训练导师
speak up更大声地说;无保留地说出
例句Uncle Herbert never argued, never spoke up for himself. 赫伯特叔叔从不争论,从不为自己辩护。
absolutely [5AbsElu:tli] adv. 完全,非常;肯定,绝对;确实地,全然地
例句I trust his discretionabsolutely. 我完全相信他的判断。
搭配absolutely necessary 绝对必要
explicit [iks5plisit] adj. 详述的;坦率的;清楚的,显然的
例句They gaveexplicit reasons for leaving. 他们明确地说出了离开的原因。
词组be explicitabout 对某事态度鲜明
助记ex(出)+p1ic(重叠状态)+it→走出重叠→直接的。
派生explicitly adv. 明确地;明白地
comment [5kCment] n. 注释;评论;意见
v. 发表评论,发表意见
例句ThePrime Minister was not available for comment. 首相无暇作出评论。
词组commenton 对…评论
助记com共同,ment闷他:大家一起用激烈的评论把他闷的投不过气来。
派生commentary n. 评论;注释;评注;说明
reinforce [7ri:in5fC:s] v. 增援,加强,增强,使更有说服力
例句The news reinforced herhopes. 这个消息增强了她的希望。
助记re+inforce(强化)→加强
派生reinforcement n. 加固;增援;援军;加强
requirement [ri5kwaiEmEnt] n. (for)需要,需要的东西;必要条件,必需品
例句They cannot (choose) butadmit that our requirement is reasonable. 他们不得不承认我们的要求是合理的。
likely [5laikli] adj. 很可能的,有希望的
adv. 或许,很可能
词组be likely to 有可能…
commit [kE5mit] v.. 犯罪;承诺;做错事;把…交托给;指派…作战
例句Onecannot commit crimes with impunity. 一个人不能犯了罪不受惩罚。
词组commitoneself 承诺,答应负
助记①com(共同)+mit(送)→委托②音:你犯错了,老师叫你“come in”她的办公室。
派生committed adj. 坚定的;效忠的;承担义务的
commitment n. 承诺,保证;委托;承担义务;献身
assimilate [E5simileit] v.. 吸收;使同化;把…比作;使相似
vi. 吸收;同化
例句America hasassimilated many people from all corners of the world. 美国同化了许多来自世界各地的人。
助记as + similar(相同)+ate →使相同→同化
派生assimilation n. 同化;吸收;同化作用
input [5input] n. 输入;投入
例句We must not forget the salesdepartment’s input. 我们不能忘记销售部的投入。
essential [i5senFEl] adj. 本质的,基本的;净化的
n. 本质;要素
例句Food is essential to life. 食物是维持生命不可或缺的。
词组beessential for 对…必不可少的
助记es+sent(感觉)+ial(…的)→必要的感觉
challenge [tFAlindV] n. 质问;挑战
vt. 反对;向…挑战;对…质疑
例句The time was ripe for achallenge to the power of the government.
时机已经成熟,可以向政府权力提出挑战了。
派生challenging adj. 挑战的;引起挑战性兴趣的
normally [5nC:mEli]adj. 通常地
例句He normally stays up late.他通常都熬夜。
sequential [si5kwinFEl] n. 序贯[列],顺序
adj. 继[连]续的;顺序的;序贯[列]的;结果的
例句Sequential interview is a common method for intellectual selection.
顺序面试时一种常见的企业挑选人才的方法。
助记来自sequence 次序,顺序
vital [5vaitl] adj. 生死攸关的;生命的,生机的;重要的,至关重要的
例句Thegovernment saw the introduction of new technology as vital. 政府认为引进新技术至关重要。
助记vi(罗马数字六)+tal(头)→一个人有六个头,生命是充满活力的。
派生vitality n. 活力,生气;生命力,生动性
personally [5pE:sEnEli] adv. 亲自地,当面地;就本人而言,就个人而言
例句Personally, I think he isa very good man. 就个人而言,我认为他是个很好的人。
搭配personally speaking 就个人来说,就自己而言
effective [i5fektiv]adj. 有效的,生效的;被实施的;给人深刻印象的
例句The medicine is aneffective cure for a headache. 这种药治头痛有很好的疗效。
facilitate [fE5siliteit] v.. (使)容易,(使)便利;促进,帮助
例句The broken lockfacilitated my entrance into the empty house.
坏了的门锁使我毫不费力地进入了那所空房子。
助记facile(易做到的;不花力气的;性格温和的)face,le乐:想让脸乐还不容易吗?
派生facility n. 设施;设备;容易;灵巧
facilitator [fE5siliteitE] n. 服务商;促进者
例句By taking on therole of facilitator, China in effect took control.
通过担任调解人的角色,中国实际上取得了控制权。
二、课文精解
SECTIONA
1.Learning a foreign language wasone of the most difficult yet most rewarding experiences of my life. 学习外语是我一生中最艰难,但也是最有意义的经历之一。
动名词短语Learning a foreign language做句子的主语。
reward既可以作动词也可以做名词,作动词时意为“报答;酬谢;奖励”,例:
It is within our power to reward him for that. 我们有权为那件事奖励他。
reward作名词时,意为“报答;奖赏;报酬”,例:
He will expect some reward after working sohard. 他工作很努力,会得到报偿的。
award和reward这两个动词均有“给予奖励”之意,但也有区别:
reward指对品德高尚和勤劳的人所给予的奖励,也可指为某事付酬金。
award侧重指官方或经正式研究裁决后对有功者或竞赛优胜者所给予的奖励。例:
Our patience was finally rewarded. 我们的耐心最终得到了回报。
He was awarded the prize for being the fastestrunner.他因跑得最快而得奖。
experience在这里的意思是“经历”,是可数名词;作“经验”讲时,是不可数名词。例:
Moving had become a common experience for me. 搬家对我而言已经成了常事。
I have over ten years' teaching experience. 我有十多年教学经验。
2.Although at times learning alanguage was frustrating, it was well worth the effort. 虽然学习时我常常遭遇挫折,但付出的努力还是很值得的。
本句中用的是Although引导的让步状语从句。
frustrating在这里的意思是“令人沮丧的,令人灰心的”,常用来修饰物;另外,frustrated意为“受挫折的;沮丧的”,用来修饰人,例:
The current situation is very frustrating for us. 当前的情形令我们十分灰心。
He felt extremely frustrated when things wentagainst him. 形势对他不利时,他感到非常失望。
be well worth sth./doing sth.意为“很值得做…”,例:
It is a lovely romantic comedy, well worthseeing. 这是一部温馨的爱情喜剧,非常值得一看。
worth、worthy、worthwhile这些词均可表“值得的”之意,其区别是:
worth是一个只能作表语的形容词,意思为“值得…的;相当于…的价值的”。由于它类似介词,须在后面接名词或动名词作宾语,不可接动词不定式。例:
The movie was definitely worth seeing. 那部电影真的很值得看。
worthy既可作表语,也可作定语。作定语时意思为“有价值的;值得尊敬的;应受到赏识的”;作表语时较正式,意思为“值得…的;应得到…的”,其后接of sth.,也可以接to do sth.。例:
This book is worthy of reading. 这本书值得一读。
worthwhile是形容词,可以用作表语或定语,指某事物是值得的,或某事是值得做的。例:
It is worthwhile to note that both sufferedpersecution. 值得注意的是,双方都受到过迫害。
3. My experience with learning a foreignlanguage began in junior middle school, when I took my first English class. 我学外语的经历开始于初中的第一堂英语课。
句中when引导的定语从句修饰junior middle school。
junior在这里的意思是“三年级的”,还有“较年幼的,较年小的;地位或身份低的”的意思,例:
Secondary school means junior school and highschool. 中学是指初中和高中。
Many junior students have to wear short-sightedglasses for reading. 许多低年级的学生不得不戴起近视眼镜看书。
She is junior to me. 她职位比我低。
4. Because of this positive method, I eagerlyanswered all the questions I could, never worrying much about making mistakes. 由于这种积极的教学方法,我总是积极回答各种问题,从不担心答错。
介词短语Because of this positive method做原因状语,现在分词短语never worrying much about making mistakes做伴随状语,表示主语的状态。
because of的意思是“因为,由于”,与due to,owingto,thanks to意思相近。
positive在这里的意思是“积极的,正面的”,例:
The whole tenor of the meeting was verypositive. 会议的整体氛围很积极。
5. While my former teacher had been patient with all of thestudents, my new teacher quickly punished those who gave incorrect answers. 以前,老师对所有的学生都很有耐心,而新老师则总是立即惩罚答错的学生。
本句话中while连接并列句,意为“然而,却”,将以前的老师和新老师进行对比。who引导的定语从句修饰those (students)。
former在这里的意思是“以前的,早先的,旧时的”,例:
No one wants to employ somebody who bad-mouthstheir former employer. 没有人愿意雇用说前雇主坏话的人。
former还可以作名词用,意为“前者”,常用的短语为theformer…(the latter…)前者…(后者…),例:
Of the two the latter is better than the former.二者中后者比前者好。
be patient with是常用词组,意为“对…有耐心”,例:
Teachers ought to be patient with students. 教师对学生应该耐心。
6. Not only did I lose my joy in answeringquestions, but I also lost my desire to say anything at all in English. 我不仅失去了回答问题的兴趣,而且压根就不想再用英语说半个字。
句子中not only放在句首,句子的第一个分句用的是倒装语序。例:
Not only did he make a promise, but also he keptit. 他不仅作出了许诺, 而且履行了诺言。
此外,含有否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时,句子需要部分倒装,类似的词及短语有:never,hardly,rarely,seldom,little,nowhere,atno time,by no means,in no way,notuntil,not only...but(also),no sooner…than。例:
Hardly did they speak another word. 他们几乎没有再说一句话。
By no means was he able to handle it. 这件事他绝对没办法处理。
No sooner had I heard the knock than I openedthe door. 当我听到敲门声,我马上就开门了。
7. The situation was far from perfect,though. 不过情况却远不尽如人意。
be far from perfect 远不够完美。例:
His work is far from perfect. 他的工作远非十全十美。
In the concrete, the theory is far from perfect. 实际上,这一理论远远不够完善。
8.I began to feel intimidated. 我开始产生一种畏惧感。
intimidate恐吓,威胁;胁迫。intimidate是及物动词,可接名词或代词作宾语,接介词into时,表示恐吓某人使之做某事。例:
He was intimidated into silence. 他吓得不敢作声。
intimidated意为“害怕的;受到威胁的”,用来修饰人;intimidating意为“吓人的,令人惊恐的”,用来修饰物。例:
We try to make sure children don't feelintimidated on their first day at school. 我们努力确保孩子们在上学的第一天不胆怯。
This kind of questioning can be veryintimidating to children. 这种问话的方式可能让孩子们非常害怕。
intimidate、frighten、terrify、scare都有“惊吓,惊恐”的意思,其区别是:
intimidate特指恐吓某人,迫使其做某事。例:
The thief intimidated the boy into not telling the police.窃贼把那个男孩吓得不敢报警。
frighten普通用词,使用广泛,指产生突然、短暂的惊慌、恐怖感。例:
He would never frighten anyone or cause them anyharm. 他永远不会吓唬或伤害任何人。
terrify语气最强,指惊骇得六神无主,魂飞魄散。例:
The aim of the terrorists is to terrify people! 恐怖份子的目的就是令大众感到恐慌!
scare在非正式文体中可与frighten换用,但语气较重,侧重人受惊吓后立即停下正在做的事或跑掉。例:
The prospect of failure scares me rigid. 一想到失败我就吓得身体发僵。
9. That was the situation until a couple of years later whenI was offered an opportunity to study English through an online course. 这种情况一直持续了几年,直到我有机会参加网上英语教学课程。
句中when引导的定语从句修饰a couple of years later。
opportunity机会,时机。opportunity构成的短语为:take the opportunity to do sth./of doing sth.(趁机,借此机会)。例:
I hope to take the opportunity to study abroad. 我想要利用这个机会出国留学。
10. I soon got access to the necessaryequipment, learned how to use the technology from a friend and participated inthe virtual classroom 5 to 7 days a week. 我很快配齐了必要的设备,还跟一个朋友学会了如何操作电脑,接着就每周用5到7天参加网上的虚拟英语课堂。
got access to…,learned…,participatedin…并列做句子的谓语。how to use the technology from a friend作learned的宾语。
access在这里作名词用,意为“享用权;使用权;接触的机会;接触的权利”。例:
We have unrestricted access to all the facilities. 我们可随意使用一切设施。
get/have/obtain access to 有权享用,可以使用。例:
Students must have access to a good library.学生应该有好的图书馆可以使用。
participate in参加,参与。例:
She didn't participate in the discussion. 她没有参加讨论。
11. I worked hard to meet the minimum standards set by the courseand to complete assignments on time. 我刻苦学习以达到课程的最低要求,并且按时完成作业。
to meet the minimum standards和tocomplete assignments on time是并列短语,作目的状语。过去分词短语set by the course做后置定语,修饰the minimumstandards。
minimum做形容词时,意为“最少的;最低程度的”,做名词时,意为“最低限度;最小量”。例:
Today's minimum temperature is 10℃.今天的最低气温是10℃.
Repairing your car will cost a minimum of 100dollars. 修理你的汽车最低限度要100美元。
meet standards达到标准。例:
To be a pilot, one must meet certain physicalstandards. 要当飞行员必须达到体格上的某些标准。
assignment在这里意为“(指定的)作业;(分派的)任务”,是可数名词;作“分配,指派”讲时,是不可数名词。例:
He is the best man who can finish theassignment. 他是能完成这项任务的最佳人选。
She is responsible for the assignment of jobs. 她负责分派工作。
12. I carried a little dictionary with me everywhere I went,as well as a notebook in which I listed any new words I heard.
everywhere I went是地点状语从句,表示主句谓语carried的地点,并且其中I went作everywhere的定语。in which引导的定语从句,修饰a notebook。
as well as也;和…一样;不但…而且。例:
We should see the reverse as well as the obverseof things. 我们不但应该看到事物的正面,也要看到事物的反面。
13. But I didn't feel intimidated by students who spokefaster than I did because I took all the time I needed to think out my ideasand wrote a reply before posting it on the screen. 但我从未因别的同学英语说得比我快而再次感到畏惧,因为在屏幕上作出回答之前,我可以根据自己的需要花时间琢磨自己的想法。
who引导的定语从句,修饰students。because引导的是原因状语从句。
think out 仔细考虑。例:
We must think out a plan for developing thebusiness. 我们得想出一个办法扩展我们的生意。
14. Although I was still making many mistakes and wascontinually learning new ways to say things, I had finally reaped the benefitsof all of my hard work. 尽管我还会出很多错,还在学习新的表达方式,但我已经收获了刻苦学习的成果。
reap的基本意思是“收割”,在这里的意思是“获得;得到(报偿)”。例:
Our firm is likely to reap a big profit thisyear. 今年我们公司很可能获得巨额利润。
You'll soon begin to reap the benefits of beingfitter. 你很快就会体会到身体更健康带来的好处。
benefit做名词用,意为“益处,好处”,作动词时意思是“有益于”。例:
I'm a great believer in the benefits of thisform of therapy. 我坚信这种治疗形式非常有益。
The new hospital will benefit the entirecommunity. 新医院将有益于整个社区。
reap the benefit(s) 获得益处,得到好处。例:
Each family farms individually and reaps thebenefit of its labor. 各家经营各自的农场,收获各自的劳动成果。
15. Not only did learning another language teach me the valueof hard work, but it also gave me insights into another culture, and my mindwas opened to new ways of seeing things. 它不仅使我懂得了刻苦努力的意义,而且让我认识了另一种文化,让我用一种全新的思维方式去看待事物。
句子中not only放在句首,句子的第一个分句用的是倒装语序。动名词短语learning another language作第一个分句的主语。
insight在这里的意思是“洞察力;洞悉,深刻的见解”。例:
In this new book he hits off the Americantemperament with amazing insight. 在这本新书里,他对美国人性格的描写表现出惊人的洞察力。
insight构成的短语有:
①gain/havean insight/insights into... 深入了解,熟悉,看透。例:
I managed to have an insight into main facts. 我设法了解了主要事实。
②givesb. insight(s) into深入了解…。例:
His speech gave us an insight into the social problems.他的演讲使我们对社会问题有了深入的了解。
16. Now that I speak a foreign language, instead of staringinto space when English is being spoken, I can participate and make friends. 由于我已能够说一门外语,别人讲英语时我不再只是茫然,我能够参与谈话并结交朋友。
句中Nowthat引导的是原因状语从句。when引导的是时间状语从句。短语insteadof staring into space应该放在句末,此处提前是为了表示强调。
now that既然;由于。例:
Now that you've seen the house, I'll show youthe grounds. 屋子你已看过了,我领你参观一下庭园。
SECTIONB
1. Job opportunities for students are expanding rapidly andmore people of all ages are becoming aware of online learning that allows themto study at home. 随着学生就业机会的迅速增多,越来越多不同年龄层次的人开始了解这种在家就可以学习的网上学习方式。
that引导的定语从句that allowsthem to study at home,修饰online learning。
expand在这里的意思是“(使)扩大,(使)扩张,(使)扩展”。例:
China will further expand the scope of itsopened-up areas. 中国要进一步扩大开放范围。
aware意为“意识到的;知道的”,常用的短语为be aware of sth./that(知道…,意识到…)。例:
They've aware of the dangers. 他们意识到了危险。
He is quite aware that pronunciation is veryimportant to a language student. 他完全意识到对一位学语言的学生来说发音是很重要的。
2. In the virtual classroom nearly allcommunication is written, so it is critical that students feel comfortableexpressing themselves in writing. 虚拟课堂的交流几乎都是用书面形式,因此学生能够自如地运用书面交流这一点是很重要的。
后半句中用了it is/was critical that…句型,it是形式主语,that引导的从句是真正的主语,另外从句中引导的是虚拟语气,所以从句谓语可用“should+动词原形”或直接用动词原形。
critical在这里的意思是“决定性的,关键性的,重要的”。例:
It is reported that the meeting is critical forfuture decisions. 据报道,这次会议对于以后的决定是至关重要的。
critical还有“批评的,批判的”的意思,例:
We must inherit in a critical way. 我们要以批判的方式继承。
critical构成的短语有:
①be critical about对…很挑剔。例:
She is critical about everything. 她对一切都喜欢吹毛求疵。
②be critical of sb./sth.批评某人/事。例:
The report was sharply critical of the police. 报道猛烈地抨击了警方。
3. Whether working alone or in a group, students shareideas, perspectives and discussions on the subject being studied, and readabout those of their classmates. 不管是独自学习还是小组学习,学生们都可以就他们对所学课程的想法、观点进行分享和讨论,了解其他同学的意见。
ideas,perspectives和discussions是并列关系,做share的宾语。现在分词短语being studied做后置定语,修饰subject。those指代的是前面的ideas,perspectives,discussions。
perspective视角,观点。例:
Try to see the issue from a differentperspective. 试以不同的角度看待这件事。
4. In this way, students gain great insights from theirpeers, learning from each other as well as the instructor. 这样,学生可以从同龄人那里得到启发,与同龄人互相学习,同时还可向老师求教。
现在分词短语learning from…作伴随状语,表明学生同时可以互相学习。
peer在这里意为“同龄人;同等地位的人”。例:
The child is much cleverer than his peers.这个孩子比他同龄人聪明得多。
peer还可以做不及物动词用,意为“(通常因难以看清而)盯着看,凝视,端详”。例:
He watched the Customs official peer into thedriver's window. 他看见海关官员透过驾驶座车窗仔细地往里看。
The market people peer at him from their boothsand stalls. 集市上的人从他们的货棚和摊子里凝视着他。
5. Requirements for online courses are no less than those ofany other quality program. 网络课程的要求不比其他任何优质课程低。
requirement要求;必要条件。例:
Graduate status is the minimum requirement forentry to the teaching profession.研究生学历是从事教学工作的最低要求。
meet/satisfy requirements满足要求。例:
She failed to satisfy all the requirements forentry to the college. 她没有达到进入那所学院的全部要求。
no less than不少于,多达。例:
There were no less than fifty wounded.受伤者多达50人。
That hotel costs no less than 20 dollars a night.那个旅馆的住宿费不少于20美元一晚。
6. Online learning is normally sequential andrequires commitment on the students' part. 网上学习通常是循序渐进的,要求学生专心致志。
sequential连续的。例:
Please arrange the test papers in a sequential order.请把试卷按顺序排好。
sequential是sequence的形容词形式,sequence有两种意思:
①sequence连续,一连串。例:Farmers met with a sequence of bad harvests.农民们接二连三遇到了坏收成。
②sequence次序,顺序。例:
He described the events of that day in sequence.他按先后次序描述了那一天发生的种种事件。
in sequence依次,按顺序。
on one's part就某人而言,在某人方面。例:
It was pure guesswork on our part.这纯属我们的猜测。
7. The instructor may have to communicate with studentspersonally to offer help and remind them of the need to keep up. 老师可能会与学生面对面地交流,提供帮助并提醒他们要跟上进度。
communicate with沟通;通话;与…交流。例:
Since then, they lost their ability tocommunicate with an audience. 自那以后他们再也无法引起观众的共鸣。
personally亲自地;个人地。例:
The President intervened personally in thecrisis.总统亲自出面处理这场危机。
Personally I think it's a waste of time.在我看来,这是浪费时间。
remind提醒;使想起。remind sb. of(doing)sth.是常用结构,意为“使某人想起某事;提醒某人做某事”。例:
The story reminds me of an experience I once had.这个故事使我想起我的一次亲身经历。
remind、recall、recollect都有“想起;回忆”的意思,其区别是:
remind指经某人或某事的提醒而回忆起某件已遗忘之事。例:
This reminds me of Christmas parties.这让我想起圣诞聚会。
recall指想方没法回忆已经遗忘之事。例:
I can recall stories that my mother told meyears ago.我能回忆起数年前我母亲给我讲的故事。
recollect指在记忆中搜索,设法想起一时想不起的事情或人,强调过程。例:
She can recollect meeting the king.她能回忆起觐见国王的事。