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2013年北京航空航天大学357英语翻译基础考研真题
2013年北京航空航天大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
第一部分：将下列术语翻译成中文（本题共15分，每一题1分）。
1.Abusive translation
2.Adjustment
3.Analysis
4.Autotranslation
5.Blank verse translation
6.Class shift
7.Coherence
8.Contextual consistency
9.Translation as decision-making
10.Descriptive Translation Studies
11.Disambiguation
12.Subtitling
13.Exoticism
14.Skopos theory
15.Rewriting
参考答案：
1．滥译
2．顺应
3．分析
4．自译
5．无韵体翻译
6．词类转换
7．连贯性
8．语境一致
9．翻译即决策
10．描写性翻译研究
11．歧义消除
12．配字幕
13．异国情调
14．翻译目的论
15．重写
(注：中文简单解释略。)
第二部分：将下列术语翻译成英文（本题共15分，每一题1分）。
1．忠信
2．口译
3．假朋友
4．常规
5．自然性
6．音译
7．配音
8．翻译理论
9．平行语料库
10．直译
11．不可译性
12．充分性
13．异化翻译
14．语内翻译
15．译后编辑
参考答案：
1.fidelity
2.Interpretation
3. Falsefriend
4.Conventions
5.Naturalness
6.Transliteration
7.Dubbing
8.Translation theory
9.Parallel corpus
10.Literal translation
11.Untranslatability
12.Adequacy
13.Foreignizing translation
14.Intralingual translation
15.Post-editing
第三部分：英译汉（本题有3段，每段20分，共60分）。
1
A fully-automaticfactory, as we are able to envisage it today, takes the form of acomplete factory with only a few skilled engineers to keep it in running orderand a control committee to decide on the broad outline of the production plan. Thedetails of the production planwill be decided by a computer which receives all the information necessaryfor the efficient running of a business. This machine willprocess the information fed to it and pass on the results both to thecontrol committee and to a second large special-purpose computer acting as thecentral production controller.
参考译文：
全自动化工厂，就我们目前能预见到的，是一种完全配套的工厂，仅需几位熟练的工程师来维持它的正常生产，加上一个管理委员会对生产计划的大轮廓作出决定。具体的生产计划将由一台能接收所有有效信息以保证商业正常运营的计算机来决定。该计算机对所接收到的信息进行加工处理之后，再把它传递给管理委员会和另一个扮演中央生产控制器具备特殊效能的计算机。
2
The sciences aredifferentiated precisely on the basis of the particular contradictions inherent in theirrespective objects of study. Thus the contradiction peculiar to a certain fieldof phenomena constitutes the object of study for a specific branch of science.For example, positive and negative numbers in mathematics; action and reactionin mechanics; positive and negative electricity in physics; dissociation andcombination in chemistry; forces of production and relations of production,classes and class struggle, in social science; offence and defence in militaryscience; idealism and materialism, the metaphysical outlook and the dialecticaloutlook, in philosophy; and so on—all these are the objects of study ofdifferent branches of science precisely because each branch has its ownparticular contradiction and particular essence.
参考译文：
科学研究的区分，就是根据科学对象所具有的特殊的矛盾性。因此，对于某一现象的领域所特有的某一种矛盾的研究，就构成某一门科学的对象。例如，数学领域的正数与负数，机械学中的作用与反作用，物理学中的阴电与阳电，化学中的化分与化合，社会科学中的生产力与生产关系、阶级和阶级的互相斗争，军事学中的攻击与防御，哲学中的唯心论与唯物论、形而上学观与辩证法观等等，都是因为具有特殊的矛盾和特殊的本质，才构成了不同的科学研究的对象。
译文来源于：http://house.focus.cn/msgview/2429/119075487.html?author_id=20048080
3
Almost40 years ago, when Lyndon Johnson declared war on poverty, a family with a carand a Dutch Colonial in the suburbs felt prosperous and, in the face of thepresident's call to action, magnanimous. Poverty seemed far away, in theshanties of the South or the worst pockets of urban blight. Today that samefamily may well feel impoverished, overwhelmed by credit-card debt, a secondmortgage and the cost of the stuff that has become the backbone of Americanlife. When the middle class feels poor, the poor have little chance for change,or even recognition. Does anyone think twice about the woman who turns down thespread on the hotel bed?
参考译文：
大约四十年前，当林登·约翰逊向贫穷宣战时，那些在郊区有车有房的富裕家庭，多响应总统的呼吁，慷慨解囊。那时，贫穷似乎只存在于遥远的南部下等的小酒馆和城区大多不景气的场所。如今，即使那些有车有房的人也会感到自己很穷，因为他们饱受信贷、次贷和物价的困扰，而这些恰是美国社会经济的命脉。如果连中产阶级都感到贫穷的话，那些穷人改变现状的机会就微乎其微，甚至压根就没有认同感。试想，有谁会去注意那个为你换置床罩的女服务员呢？(张万防、李汉青译，仅供参考)
译文来源于：http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_494a43390101fav5.html
第四部分：汉译英（本题有3段，每段20分，共60分）。
1
中国的载人空间工程项目按照“三步走”战略计划进行。第一步将中国宇航员送到太空，进行数天和数人太空飞行并安全返回预订位置。第二步将在进行太空舱外活动等关键技术上做出突破，将太空站送进太空，并进行短期载人空间应用试验。第三步将建立一个太空实验室，用于宇航员进行长期载人空间试验。
参考译文：
China's manned space engineering project follows a “three-step” strategicplan. The first step is to send Chinese astronauts into space, conductmulti-day and multi-manned space flight with safe return to the presetposition. The second step is to make a breakthrough in the key technology ofcarrying out extravehicular activity, send space station into space, andperform short-term manned space applicable experiment. The third step is tobuild a permanent space laboratory that allows astronauts to conduct long-termmanned space applicable experiment.
2
随着印度规模庞大的人口中有更多的人开始使用手机，用户和服务提供商都面临的挑战之一是印度语言的多样性。印度有22个主要语种，有九种不同的文字系统。每种文字系统都有数十个字符，输入起来往往很麻烦。
参考译文：
As mobile phones reach more of India's gigantic population, one ofthe challenges facing both users and service providers is the country'slinguistic diversity. Indiahas 22 major languages, with nine different scripts. Each script is representedby scores of characters. Typing each character can be cumbersome.
3
在求职面试中，应聘者在握手时的表现或许至关重要。不过，能让企业了解到握手背后的真实情况的则是性格测试。很多各类企业都在采用性格测试来考察求职者的责任心、外向性格以及其他可能有助于造就成功职业生涯的性格特征。
参考译文：
An applicant's handshake may be crucial at a job interview. But apersonality test can tell a company what's behind that handshake. Many Companiesuse personality tests to help assess job applicants for conscientiousness,extroversion or other traits that may be useful in forging a successful career.
