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2013年北京外国语大学高级翻译学院816英汉互译（复语）真题及详解
招生专业：外国语言学及应用语言学
科目名称：英汉互译（复语）
一、将下列段落译为汉语（25分）
Biofuelsin the solid form has been in use ever since man discovered fire. Wood was the first form of biofuelthat was used even by the ancient people for cooking and heating. With thediscovery of electricity, man discovered another way of utilizing the biofuel.Biofuel had been used since a very long time for the production of electricity.This form of fuel was discovered even before the discovery of the fossil fuels,but with the exploration of the fossil fuel like gas, coal, and oil theproduction and use of biofuel suffered a severe impact.
In the period of WorldWar II, the high demand of biofuels was due to the increased use as analternative for imported fuel. In this period, Germany was one of the countriesthat underwent a serious shortage of fuel. It was during this period thatvarious other inventions took place like the use of gasoline along with alcoholthat was derived from potatoes. The wars frames were the periodswhen the various major technological changes took place but, during the periodof peace, cheap oil from the gulf countries as well as the Middle East again eased off the pressure. (198)
二、将下列短文译为汉语（50分）
China’s growth slowdown and economic rebalancing has sparkedunderstandable concerns thatthe good times are over for Asia. The argument isstraightforward: China’sneighbors piggy-backed on Chinese growth by becoming part of theChina-centered global supply chain, manufacturing the components assembled in Chinaand exported to the West. Not only is Western demand growth anemic, but Chinais rebalancing its economy, moving onto a lower growth path and shitting awayfrom reliance on exports of low-value-added manufactures in favor ofconsumption-led growth. In the process Chinawill pull the rug out from under Asia.
These concerns areunwarranted and based on an incomplete reading of the dynamics of China’srebalancing. The rebalancing process is likely to be positive overall for China’sregional trading partners. New opportunities will emerge, for Asianmanufacturers and consumers and service-oriented firms as China becomes asource of regional final demand and of foreign direct investment, boosting itsdomestic consumption and seeking to enhance its international competitivenessand move into higher valued-added manufacturing.
China’s rebalancing isbest understood as part of broader process of regional industrial developmentnow being accelerated by Beijing as it seeks to follow in the path of Japan andSouth Korea before. The government’s rebalancing plans are based onlabor-market reforms geared towards boosting incomes and consumption. Higherwages are designed to motivate firms to exit industries intensive in labor andraw materials and climb the value chain. In addition, China is movingahead with an industrial development model based on import substitution andnational self-reliance with the aim of gaining market share in export marketsfor advanced equipment and heavy machinery.
This rebalancingprocess is well underway. Wages for blue-collar workers have risen by anaverage annual rate of 15 percent since 2008, and the government’s 12thFive-Year Plan (2011-15) calls for further wage hikes and new measures to boostconsumption including income-tax reform and new social welfare schemes. (318)
三、将下列段落译为英语（25分）
幸福是什么？小时候，幸福是一样东西，得到了就是幸福。长大后，幸福是一个目标，达到了便是幸福。成熟后，幸福是一种心态，领悟了就是幸福。其实幸福就像衣领，它一直都存在，只是我们没有去在意它的存在。无论功名利禄对幸福而言，其实都是过眼云烟，幸福重在领悟，但这种领悟不是凭空而来，也许要经过你慢长痛苦的追求才能发现。真正的幸福就在你身边，他就像你的影子一样，从来没有离开过你，只是你没有注意它而已。原来幸福真的很简单！（205字）
四、将下列短文译为英语（50分）
“中国威胁论”的产生有很多原因，一方面是因为西方媒体在拿中国说事，另一方面也由于中国企业并没有对外将自己的公司战略说明白。对于很多西方企业而言，过去只是觉得中国发展得挺快，可一跃到了全球第二大经济体的位置，他们也需要很长时间才能适应。对于这种情绪，我们要理解，还要注重和他们的沟通。
在“中国威胁论”的环境之下，中国企业必须专心工作，只有发展起来了，他们才会抛却成见去仔细审度你。无论如何，中国企业在海内外的发展都不是以伤害别人为目的，威胁更谈不上。可是这一点要让西方企业最终认同，就要改变方式方法，投资更加透明，和当地的合作伙伴、政府和社区好好相处，让当地人真正领会到你们投资给他们带来的好处，从而接受你，欢迎你。（305字）
参考答案及详解
一、将下列段落译为汉语（25分）
人类从发现火以来就一直在使用固体形态的生物燃料。树木是第一种形式的生物燃料，甚至被古人用来煮饭和取暖。随着电的发明现，人们发现了生物燃料的另一种用途。生物燃料在很长一段时间里被用来生产电力。人们甚至在发现化石燃料之前就发现了这种形式的燃料，但是随着石油、煤炭、天然气等化石燃料的探测开发，生物燃料的生产与使用受到了严重影响。
在二战期间，由于生物燃料的用途增加，成为进口燃料的一种替代手段，它的需求量很高。在这一时期，德国是经历了严重的燃料短缺的国家之一。而正是在这一时期产生了各种其他的发明，如使用汽油及从马铃薯中获取的酒精。战争时期正是各种重大的技术变革产生的时期，但在和平时期，来自海湾国家和中东地区的低价石油也缓解了压力。
二、将下列短文译为汉语（50分）
中国的增长放缓和经济重整无可厚非地引发了人们的担忧，认为亚洲的好时代过去了。这一论点直截了当：中国的邻国是以中国的发展为依托进行发展，它们成为以中国为中心的全球供应链的一部分，它们生产的部件在中国进行组装，转而出口到西方国家。但现在不仅西方的需求增长陷入贫乏期，中国也正在进行经济重整，转向一条增长放缓之路，并从依靠出口低附加值的制成品转向支持由消费带动的发展模式。在此过程中，中国将把亚洲釜底抽薪。
这些担忧毫无依据，而且依赖的是对中国重整动力学的不完整解读。重整过程从整体来看，很可能对中国的区域贸易伙伴带来积极影响。对亚洲的制造商、消费者和服务型企业来说，当中国成为区域最终需求及外商直接投资的来源地，拉动国内消费并寻求增强国际竞争力及转向更高附加值的制造业时，新的机遇也会随之产生。
对中国重整的最好理解是它是更广范围的区域经济发展进程的一部分，现在，北京加速了这一进程的发展，因为它寻求走与之前的日本和韩国同样的道路。政府的重整计划是基于面向增加收入和拉动消费的劳动力市场的改革。增加工资是为了刺激企业退出劳动和原材料密集型工业，爬上更高的价值链。此外，中国正推进一个以进口替代和国家自力更生为基础的工业发展模式，目的是增加在先进设备和重型机械出口市场上的份额。
这一重整过程目前进展良好。从2008年以来，蓝领工人的工资一直以15%的年均增长率上涨，而政府的第十二个五年计划（2011-2015）也要求工资进一步上涨及采取新的措施如所得税改革和新的社会福利计划以拉动消费。
三、将下列段落译为英语（25分）
What does happinessmean? When we were kids, happiness means something we’ve got; when we grow up,happiness represents a goal we’ve reached; when we become mature, happinessbecome a state of mind which we will get when weunderstand it. In fact, happiness, just like the collar, is always with us, butwe never take notice of its existence. Actually, even fame, wealth, highposition and life mean nothing infront of happinessand happiness is meant for understanding, whichdoesn’t come from nowhere and can only be recognized through long-term andpainful pursuit. The genuine happiness is just beside you and just like yourshadow; it never keeps away from you; it is just that you never notice it. Howsimple happiness turns out to be!
四、将下列短文译为英语（50分）
The emergence of “Chinathreat theory”can be attributed to many reasons; one is that the western mediais finding faults with China and the other is that the Chinese enterprises didn’tmake clear to the foreign countries their corporate strategies. For manywestern enterprises, though they could feel the rapid development of China inthe past, it stills takes them a long period of time to be adapted to the factthat China has emerged as the second largest economy in the globe. This kind ofsentiment is understandable and we should pay attention to communicating withthem.
And in the atmosphereof “China threat theory”, Chinese enterprises must concentrate on working sinceonly when we get well-developed can they let go of the prejudices and judge andtreat us seriously. Anyhow, Chinese enterprises, which is developing overseasand abroad, are not intended for harming others, not to say threat. But to getthis accepted by western enterprises, we need to change our methods andapproaches with more transparent investment and a harmonious relationship withthe local partners, government and communities, so that the local people canaccept and welcome us after truly figuring out what they can get due to ourinvestment.
