中南大学考博英语历年真题汇编及详解

下载地址:http://free.100xuexi.com/Ebook/42483.html
目录                                                                                        封面
内容简介
目录
2011年中南大学考博英语真题
2010年中南大学考博英语真题
2008年中南大学考博英语真题
2007年中南大学考博英语真题及详解
2006年中南大学考博英语真题及详解
2005年中南大学考博英语真题及详解
2004年中南大学考博英语真题及详解
                                                                                                                                                                                                    内容简介                                                                                            
　　考博真题是每个考生复习备考必不可少的资料，而拥有一份权威、正确的参考答案尤为重要，通过研究历年真题能洞悉考试出题难度和题型，了解常考章节与重要考点，能有效指明复习方向。
　　《中南大学考博英语历年真题汇编及详解》完整收录了2004～2008年、2010年和2011年的7套考博真题，并提供2004～2007年试题的参考答案及详解。本书中的解题思路清晰、答案翔实，帮助广大考生在熟练掌握知识点的同时，能够熟练运用各种题型的答题技巧，以提高应试技巧，把握答题节奏，增强自信心，提高考试分数。
　　考博真题如有更新或对历年真题予以详细作答，会第一时间予以上传，学员将自动获得最新版本的产品内容。真正做到了一次购买，终身使用。
　　圣才考研网（www.100exam.com ）提供全国各高校英语类专业考研考博辅导班【一对一辅导（面授/网授）、网授精讲班等】、3D电子书、3D题库（免费下载，免费升级）、全套资料（历年真题及答案、笔记讲义等）、英语类国内外经典教材名师讲堂、考研教辅图书等。本书特别适用于参加中南大学博士研究生入学考试的考生。
　　与传统图书相比，本书具有以下五大特色：
1．720度立体旋转：好用好玩的全新学习体验　　圣才e书带给你超逼真的3D学习体验，720度立体场景，任意角度旋转，模拟纸质书真实翻页效果，让你学起来爱不释手！

2．免费下载：无须注册均可免费下载阅读本书　　在购买前，任何人均可以免费下载本书，满意后再购买。任何人均可无限制的复制下载圣才教育全部3万本3D电子书，既可以选择单本下载，也可以选择客户端批量下载。
3．免费升级：更新并完善内容，终身免费升级　　如购买本书，可终生使用。免费自动升级指我们一旦对该产品的内容有所修订、完善，系统立即自动提示您免费在线升级您的产品，您将自动获得最新版本的产品内容。真正做到了一次购买，终身使用。当您的电子书出现升级提示时，请选择立即升级。
4．功能强大：记录笔记、全文搜索等十大功能　　本书具有“记录笔记”、“全文检索”、“添加书签”、“查看缩略图”、“全屏看书”、“界面设置”等功能。
　　（1）e书阅读器——工具栏丰富实用【为考试教辅量身定做】

　　（2）便笺工具——做笔记、写反馈【圣才电子书独家推出】

5．多端并用：电脑手机平板等多平台同步使用　　本书一次购买，多端并用，可以在PC端（在线和下载）、手机（安卓和苹果）、平板（安卓和苹果）等多平台同步使用。同一本书，使用不同终端登录，可实现云同步，即更换不同设备所看的电子书页码是一样的。

　　特别说明：本书的部分内容参考了部分网络资料及相关资料。但由于特殊的原因，比如作者姓名或出处在转载之前已经丢失，或者未能及时与作者取得联系等，因而可能没有注明作者的姓名或出处。如果原作者或出版人对本书有任何异议，请与我们联系，我们会在第一时间为您处理！
　　圣才学习网（www.100xuexi.com）是一家为全国各类考试和专业课学习提供辅导方案【保过班、网授班、3D电子书、3D题库】的综合性学习型视频学习网站，拥有近100种考试（含418个考试科目）、194种经典教材（含英语、经济、管理、证券、金融等共16大类），合计近万小时的面授班、网授班课程。
　　如您在购买、使用中有任何疑问，请及时联系我们，我们将竭诚为您服务！
　　全国热线：400-900-8858（8:30～23:00），18001260133（8:30～23:00）
　　咨询QQ：4009008858（8:30-23:00）

　　详情访问：http://www.100exam.com/（圣才考研网）
　　圣才学习网编辑部
                                                                                                                                    本书更多内容>>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    使用说明                                                                                                   
                                                                                    

内容预览
2011年中南大学考博英语真题
Paper One
Part I Use of English ( 20% )
Section A Vocabulary and Structure ( 10% )
Directions: There are20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentencethere are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that bestcompletes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter On Answer Sheet witha single line through the center.
l. They were forced to ______ on necessities in order to maketheir limited supplies last the longish winter.
A. skimp
B. exhaust
C. stingy
D. count
2.The police are working on a ______ into suspected drug dealingin the outskirt of the city.
A. investigate　
B. survey
C. propitiation　
D. probe
3. He interpreted her condemnation of recent of politicaldevelopments as an ______ criticism of the government.
A. implicit
B. implying　
C. implication　
D. imposing
4. That TV news program plays ______ sensational stories just toget higher ratings.
A. at　
B. up
C. with
D. into
5. Squad members, already decked out in ______ chemical suits, puton masks and rubber gloves.
A. awesome
B. fulsome 　
C. chromosome　
D. cumbersome
6. There are some people who will always ______ a cause merelybecause others are attacking or criticizing it.
A: stand up for
B. uphold with
C. advocate in　
D. withdraw from
7. Preliminary estimation putsthe figure at around $110 billion ______ the $160 billion the president to getthrough the Congress.
A. in reply to　
B. in relation to　
C. in contrast to　
D. in proportion to
8. I arranged to go to my new work before my predecessor left, sothat he could help me to ______.
A. put my hand out.
B. come to my hand
C. give my hand off
D. get my hand in
9. The budget problem of the program was ______ by many unexpectedcosts.
A. precipitated
B. prorated
C. participated　
D. propagated
10. Wewere to have met them next Thursday, and then to have gone for a rambletogether, but for some reason they have ______.
A. cried out
B. cried off
C. cried for
D. cried down
11. At the end of every chapterin our science text, there is a group of ______ questions, intended forstudents who wish to go more deeply into the subject.
　A. optimistic　
B. optional
C. optative　
D. operational
12. Thefact that there tire marks in the drive ______ the theory that the thieves useda car to take a way the stolen property.
　A. detects
B. inquires
C. bears out　
D. . applies
13. His promotion has provoked ______ discussion among the staffof law agency.
　A. apprehensive
B. animated
C. annihilated 　
D. ameliorated
14. There are some teenagers who have independent tastes, but mostof them tend to ______.
　A. messed up
B. be in the masses
　C. run into the group　
D. go with the crowd
15. He was ______ in his support of the governor’s polices ofsocial welfare affairs.
A. steadfast
B. stagnant
C. infirm　
D. stubborn
16. You must choose between a lowrate of interest but security for your capital, and a higher rate of interestwith the attendant risks, you cannot ______.
A. be in mean roads　
B. stay in hesitations
　C. have it both ways
D. hold all the coins
17. There’s firm distinctionbetween the moderate consumption of alcoholic beverages and Overindulgence tothe point of ______.
　A. intoxication 　
B. indulgence
C. introspection
D. intimation
18. The teacher threatened to ______ their X-box if they keptplaying in classroom.
　A. fine　
B. confiscate　
C. penalize
D. punish
19. Despite his pleasant manner, I suspected he was ______ informationabout the decisions made at the Board meeting.
　A. fishing for
B. testifying for 　
C. discoveringfor
D. in discovery of
20. There are some people whowill use any kind of argument, no matter how illogical, so long as they can______ an opponent.
　A. rebuttal
B. dispute over
C. scorn with　
D. score off
Section B Cloze Test ( 10% )
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For eachblank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONEthat best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet with a single line through the center.
The development and widespread use of computer technology and theinternet have transformed how we communicate, how business is conducted, howinformation is dispersed, and how society is organized. Prior to 　21 1980, in-depth information about anyone 　22 matter was attained through laboriousresearch 　23 count less visits to libraries and 　24 repeated interviews with persons 　25 known reputation and reputable 　26 , Now, a great deal of 　27 is available at the click of a mouse 　28 , all attainable from within the 　29 of ones own home or from the 　30 of a computer in an office. Previouslabor-intensive 　31 jobs, such as loading and unpacking of 　32 , luggage handling at airports, and food 　33 , once performed by a large middle-class 　34 are now performed routinely by robotswhich are monitored by computer-controlled systems.
Our lives have been 　35 by the advent of computer and internettechnologies, but likewise these benefits 　36 have been ushered in by thetechnology 　37 have had an averse affect on the 　38 of our interpersonal-relationships. Merecommunication is no 　39 via postal mail or face-to-face 　40 , but rather via electronic email,personal internet message boards, and by virtue of hand-held personalelectronic assistants.
21. A. approximately  B. annually  C.propositionally　 D.alternatively
22. A. supposed B. subject　  C.intensive D.attainable
23. A. of　　 B. involving 　 C.throughout　 D.mentioning
24. A. into B. thus　 C.with menus　 D.via
25. A. as　　 B. for　 C.of D.in
26. A. expert　　 B. experience　  C. expertise D.exposure
27. A. businesses　 　 B. information　  C.technologies D.systems
28. A. keyboard　 B. switch　 　 C.button　 D.flash
29. A. restraints　 B. bans　 C.prohibitions D.confines
30. A. use B.development　  C.application　 D.supply
31: A. dozy　 B. labor C.support D.tiresome
32. A. trucks　 B.vessels　 　 C.vehicles D.loads
33. A. manufacturing　  B. managing 　 C.bargaining　 D.dealing
34. A. clerks　 B. maids  C. farmers　 D.workforce
35. A. classified　  B. simplified　 　 C. amplified　　 D.magnified
36. A. that　 B. there　 C.which　 D.in that.
37. A. concurrency  B. revolution　 　 C. evolution　　 D.resolution
38. A. cost　 B.core　　 C. head　　 D.essence
39. A. longer B.sooner　 C. longish　 D.more
40. A. contrast B.contact　 C. contract　 D.confirm
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension( 40% )
Directions:There are 5 reading passages in this part. Each passage isfollowed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C andD. You should decide which is the best choice and mark the corresponding letteron Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage 1
Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures aroundthe world, but how can we tell when other people are happy or despondent? Itturns out that the expression of many emotions may be universal. Smiling isapparently a universal sign of friendliness and approval. Baring the teeth in ahostile Way, as noted by Charles Darwin in the nineteenth century, may be auniversal sign of anger. As the originator of the theory of evolution, Darwin believed that theuniversal recognition of facial expressions would have survival value. Forexample, facial expressions could signal the approach of enemies (or friends)in the absence of language.
Most investigators concur that certain racial expressions suggestthe same emotions in all people. Moreover, people in diverse cultures recognizethe emotions manifested by the facial expressions. In classic research PaulEkman took photographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger, disgust,fear, happiness, and sadness. He then asked people around the world to indicatewhat emotions were being depicted in them. Those queried ranged from Europeancollege students to members of the Fore, a tribe that dwells in the New Guineahighlands. All groups, including the Fore, who had almost no contact withWestern culture, agreed on the portrayed emotions. (43) The Fore alsodisplayed familiar facial expressions when asked how they would respond if theywere the characters in stories that called for basic emotional responses.Ekman and his colleagues more recently obtained similar results in a study often cultures in which participants were permitted to report that multipleemotions were shown by facial expressions. The participants generally agreed onwhich two emotions were being shown and which emotion was more intense.
Psychological researchers generally recognize that facialexpressions reflect emotional states. In fact, various emotional states giverise to certain pattern of electrical activity in the facial muscles and in thebrain. The facial-feedback hypothesis argues, however, that the causalrelationship between emotions and facial expressions can also work in theopposite direction. According to this hypothesis; signals from the facialmuscles (“feedback”) are sent back to emotion centers of the brains and so aperson’s facial expression can influence that person’s emotional state.Consider Darwin’swords, “The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it. Onthe other hand, the repression, as far as possible, of all outward signssoftens our emotions” Can smiling give, rise, to feelings of good will, forexample, and frowning to anger?
Psychological research has given rise to some interesting findingsconcerning the facial-feedback hypothesis. Causing participants in experimentsto smile, for example, leads them to report more positive feelings and to ratecartoons (humorous drawings of people or situations). as being more humorous.When they are caused to frown, they rate cartoons as being more aggressive.
Ekman’s observation may be relevant to the British expression keepa stiff upper lip as a recommendation for handling stress. It might be that astiff lip suppresses emotional response as long as the lip is not quiveringwith fear or tension. But when the emotion that leads to stiffening the lip ismore intense, and involves strong muscle tension, facial feedback may heightenemotional response.
41. According to the passage, stiffening the upper lip may havewhich of the following effects?
　A. It first suppresses stress, thenintensifies it.
　B. It may cause fear and tension in thosewho see it.
　C. It may either heighten or reduceemotional response.
D. It can damage the lip muscles.
42. The author mentions “Baring the teeth in a hostile way” inorder to ______.
A. differentiate one possible meaning ofa particular facial expression from other meanings of it
B. provide an example of a facialexpression whose meaning is widely understood
C. support Darwin’s theory of evolution
　D. contrast a facial expression that iseasily understood with other facial expressions
43. Which of the sentences belowbest expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in thesecond paragraph?
　A. The Fore exhibited the samerelationship of facial expressions and basic emotions that is seen in Westernculture when they acted out stories.
B. The fore’s were asked to displayfamiliar facial expressions when they told their stories.
　C. The Fore’s facial expressionsindicated their unwillingness m pretend m be story characters.
D. The Fore were familiar with the facialexpressions and basic emotions of characters in Stories.
44. According to the passage, what did Darwin believe would happen to human emotionsthat were not expressed?
　A. They would last longer than usual.
B. They would become less intense.
C. They would cause problems later.
　D. They would become more negative
45. According to the passage, research involving which thefollowing supported the facial-feedback hypothesis?
　A. The tendency of people in experimentsto cooperate.
　B. The reactions of people in experimentsto cartoons.
　C. The release of neurotransmitters bypeople during experiments.
　D. The long-term effects of repressingemotions.
passage 2
Only two years ago, a report that two-thirds of leading Americanuniversities had dropped the Shakespeare requirement for English majors infavor of courses on popular culture and gender studies prompted worries thatthe playwright regarded by many left-wing ideologues as the quintessential DeadWhite Male was becoming a has-been, a victim of the commissars of politicalcorrectness and willfully watered-down curriculums.
Today, happily, it’s clear that such reports of Shakespeare’sdemise were vastly exaggerated. Shakespeare is still the most producedplaywright in 1990’s America, and in England he was recently voted inone BBC poll of “the Briton of the Millennium.” There are replicas of the GlobeTheater in London and Tokyo,and in Germanyhis birthday prompts an annual celebration. As the scholar Jonathan Bate (“TheGenius of Shakespeare”) points out, the Bard has become “a world genius” with a“cross-cultural appeal” that defies both the debunking of academic radicals andthe stuffy canonization of traditionalists. “Shakespeare in Love” a witty newmovie that works an improvisation on the playwright’s life—was nominated for 13 AcademyAwards and shares a nomination for best picture with ’’Elizabeth,’’ anotherfilm (with seven nominations) set against the backdrop of Elizabethan England.These pictures are only the tip of the Shakespeare iceberg. Coming soon are aslew of movies based on his plays, including Julie Taymor’s version of “TitusAndronicus” (with Anthony Hopkins, Alan Cumming and Jessica Lange) and a filmadaptation of ’’A Midsummer Night’s Dream,’’ starring Calista Flockhart,Michelle Pfeiffer and Kevin Kline. Alicia Silverstone will soon star in KennethBranagh’s new musical adaptation of “Love’s Labor’s Lost,” while Ethan Hawkewill tackle a “Hamlet’’ set in the corporate world of the 90’s.
Certainly the fact that Shakespeare is a brand name, one whoneither demands royalties nor contests rewrites, has something to de with hiscurrent revival. Yet at the same time there is a latent power to his work thathas allowed successive generations of directors, critics and actors to reinventhim continually in their own image and to find new ways (some profound, someforced, some obviously silly) of pointing up is relevance. Restoration criticsemphasized his role as a dramatic playwright who addressed public and politicalissues. Romantics portrayed him, romantically, as the poet of melancholy andlove. And modernists have stressed the difficulty of his work, its layered,contradictory meanings.
46.From the passage we can deduce that ______.
　A. Shakespeare is the greatest historicfigure for British culture in its history
　B. Shakespeare is remembered as the greatestplaywright in English world
　C. Shakespeare has offered a greatheritage for cultures and peoples of the world
　D. Shakespeare had made the radicals andtraditionalist annoyed
47.American universities had dropped the Shakespeare requirement, for Englishmajors because the playwright was regarded as ______.
　A. atypical symbol of Dead White Male
B. a figure of commissars of politicalcorrectness on stage
　C. just a strong has-been of theleft-wing ideologues
　D. less attractive as the gender andpopular culture figures for young learners
48.According to Jonathan Bate, Shakespeare is a figure that ______.
　A. is celebrated and remembered by thepeoples despite the debunking of the extremists
　B. .is a global genius because of thescorning words of radicals and traditionalists
C. had become genius with a public appealin Englandas he was selected the Briton of the Millennium
　D. is the most productive playwright inAmerican in 1990s
49.Which of the following movies is not on or of Shakespeare?
　A. “A Midsummer Night’s Dream”
B. “Elizabeth”
C. “Titus Andronicus”
　D. “Hamlet”
50. Many artists in various occasions make use of Shakespeare’smasterpieces ______.
　A. exactly in the way as they were of16th century Englandculture
　B. strong violated and strayed the waythat Shakespeare created them in his time
C. improved the images and portraitsthat better than Shakespeare creations
D. with the imaginations and approachesof various epochs for their own cultures
Passage 3
The Galapagos Islands are in the Pacific Ocean, off the westerncoast of South America. They are a rocky,lonely spot, but they are also one of the most unusual places in the world. Onereason is that they are the home of some of the last giant tortoises left onearth.
Weighing hundreds of pounds, these tortoises, or land turtles,wander slowly around the rocks and sand of the islands. Strangely, each ofthese islands has its own particular kinds of tortoises. There are sevendifferent kinds of tortoises on the eight islands, each kind being slightlydifferent from the other.
Hundreds of years ago, thousands of tortoises wandered aroundthese islands. However, all that changed when people started landing there.When people first arrived in 1535, their ships had no refrigerators. This meantthat fresh food was always a problem for the sailors on hoard. The gianttortoises provided a solution to this problem.
Ships would anchor off the islands, and crews would row ashore andseize as many tortoises as they could. Once the animals were aboard the ship,the sailors would roll the tortoises onto their backs., The tortoises werecompletely helpless once on their backs, so they could only lie there untilused for soups and stews, Almost 100,000 tortoises were carried off in thisway.
The tortoises faced other problems, too. Soon after the firstships, settlers arrived bringing Pigs, goats, donkeys, dogs and eats. All ofthese animals mined life for the tortoises. Donkey and goats ate all the plantsthat the tortoises usually fed on, while the pigs. Dogs and cats consumedthousands of baby tortoises each year. Within a few years, it was hard to findany tortoise eggs or even any baby tortoises.
By the early ]900so people began to worry that the last of thetortoises would soon die out. No one, however, seemed to care enough to doanything about the problem, More and more tortoises disappeared, even thoughsailors no longer needed them for food. For another fifty years, this situationcontinued. Finally, in the 1950s, scientist decided that something must bedone.
The first part of their plan was to get rid of as many cats. Dogsand other animals as they could. Next, they tried to make sure that more babytortoise, would be born. To do this, they started looking for wild tortoiseeggs. They gathered the eggs and put them in safe containers. When the eggshatched, the scientists raised the tortoises in special pens. Both the eggs andtortoises were numbered so that the scientists knew exactly which kinds oftortoises they had-and which island they came from. Once the tortoises were oldenough and big enough to take care of themselves, the scientists took them backto their islands and set them loose. This slow; hard work continues today, and,thanks to it, the number of tortoises is now increasing every year. Perhapsthese wonderful animals will not disappear after all.
51.What happened last?
　A. The tortoises began to disappear.
　B. The number of tortoises began to grow.
　C. Scientists took away other animals.
D. Tortoises were taken back to theirhome islands.
52.What happened first?
　A. Sailors took tortoises aboard ships.
B. The tortoise meat was used for soupsand stews.
　C. Settlers brought other animals to theislands.
　D. Pigs had been all the sailors had toeat.
53. What happened soon after people brought animals to theislands?
　A. Tortoise eggs were kept in safecontainers.
　B. Scientists took away as many animalsas they could.
C. The animals ate the tortoises’ foodand eggs.
　D. The tortoises fought with the otheranimals.
54.What happens right after the tortoise eggs hatch?
A. The scientists take the tortoisesback to their islands.
B. The scientists get rid of cats,clogs, and other animals.
　C. The scientist encouraged the villagersto help.
　D. The scientist raised the tortoises inspecial pens.
Passage 4
One of the most difficult aspects of deciding whether currentclimatic events reveal evidence of the impact of human activities is that it ishard to get a measure of what constitutes the natural variability of theclimate. We know that over the past millennia the climate has undergone majorchanges without any significant human intervention, We also know that theglobal climate system is immensely complicated and that everything is in someway connected, and so the system is capable of fluctuating in unexpected ways.We need therefore to know how much the climate can vary of its own accord inorder to interpret with confidence the extent to which recent changes arenatural as opposed to being the result of human activities. Instrumentalrecords do not go back far enough to provide us with reliable measurements ofglobal climatic variability on timescales longer than a century. What we doknow is that as we include longer time intervals, the record shows increasing evidenceof slow swings in climate between different regimes. To build up a betterpicture of fluctuations: appreciably further back in time requires us to useproxy records.
Over long periods of time, substances whose physical and chemicalproperties change with the ambient climate at the time can be deposited in asystematic way to provide a continuous record of changes in those propertiesovertime, sometimes for hundreds or thousands of years. Generally, the layeringoccurs on an annual basis, hence the observed changes in the records can bedated, Information on temperature, rainfall, and other aspects of the climatethat can be inferred from the systematic changes in properties is usuallyreferred to as proxy data. Proxy temperature records have been reconstructedfrom ice core drilled out of the central Greenland ice cap, calcite shellsembedded in layered lake sediments in Western Europe, ocean floor sedimentcores from the tropical Atlantic Ocean ice cores from Peruvian glaciers, andice cores from eastern Antarctica. While theserecords provide broadly consistent indications that temperature variations canoccur on a global scale. There are nonetheless some intriguing differences,which suggest that the pattern 0ftemperature variations in regional climates can also differ significantly fromeach other.
55. Scientists are able to reconstruct proxy temperature recordsby ______.
　A. studying regional differences in temperaturevariations
B. studying and dating changes in theproperties of substances
C. observing changes in present dayclimate conditions
　D. Inferring past climate shifts fromobservations of current climatic changes
56. Which of the following must we find out in order to determinethe impact of human activities upon climate?
A. The major changes in climate over thepast millennia.
　B. The degree to which the climate variesnaturally.
　C. The best method for measuring climaticchange.
　D. The millennium when humans began tointerfere with the climate.
57. An advantage of proxy records over instrumental records isthat ______.
A. they are more-reliable measures ofclimatic variability in the past century
B. they provide more-accurate measures oflocal temperatures
C. they provide information on climatefluctuations further back in time
D. they reveal information about thehuman impact on the climate
Passage 5
Scientists formerly assumed that coral populations remainedstable, dead polyps being replaced by now ones that build on the “skeletons”left behind. Recent investigations, however, reveal more dynamic processes.Whole sections of a colony may the and not be replaced. This process, known aspartial colony mortality, is evident in a series of photographs over time, butoften impossible to detect in site because “skeletons” bared by the death ofoverlying tissue are readily overgrown by other organisms or abraded bygrazers. Partial mortality can produce fission the process of a large colonysplitting apart into two or more adjacent colonies that presumably haveidentical genetic makeup, Subsequent lateral growth may unite these colonics ina process called fusion, As a consequence of these three processes, estimatesof coral ages, based on size are not reliable. Partial mortality and fission,which reduce colony size, occur more frequently than fusion, and thus estimatesof coral age based on colony size are probably far too low.
58. Which of the following best describes the organization of thepassage?
　A. An assumption is Stated, processesthat undermine that assumption are explained, and an inference is drawn fromwhat has been explained.
B. Several recently observed naturalphenomena are described, their effects on various scientific theories areexplained, and the possible consequences of these affects are presented.
C. Several processes are mentioned different possible interpretations ofthose processes are presented and assessed, and a choice of the mostsatisfactory interpretation is made.
　D. A scientific problem is examined,reasons why the problem has remained unsolved.
59.The primary purpose of the passage is to ______.
　A. explain the fission and fusionprocesses that have considerable effect on the life expectancies of coralpopulations
　B. point out the major differencesbetween the three dynamic processes by which coral colonics grow and maintainthemselves
　C. explain the effects of partialmortality on fission and fusion processes in coral colonies
　D. explain the various dynamic processesundergone by coral colonies which make estimating their ages difficult
60. According to the passage, allof the following are confounding factors in determining the exact age of acoral colony EXCEPT ______.
A. the abrading of the colony surface byfeeding organisms
　B. reuniting of colonies after fission
　C. the balance between polyp births anddeaths
D. partial colony death
Paper Two
Part III Translation ( 20% )
Section A From Englishto Chinese ( 10% )
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translatethe underlined sentences into Chinese: trout translation must be written dearlyon Answer SheetⅡ.
If you look at the matter analytically, you identify two parts ofthe problem: There is, of course, the matter of “time”, which we can think ofas fixed. (61) Then there is the issue of “work” during that time, which canvarious in intensity. But as my professor suggested, it’s not the diligenceof the work hut the quality of the product that’s important. That led me to anew idea: the quality of the work. (62) That notion is perhaps bestexplained by a sign I once saw- on the wall in someone’s office: “don’t workharder. Work smarter.” There’s a lot of sense in that idea. If you can’tget more time, and few of us can, the only solution is to improve the qualityof the work. (63) That means devising wags of Retting more out of the sametime than we might otherwise get. That should lead us to an analysis of ourwork habits. (64) Since "work" for students usually means“homework” the expression "work habits" should be read as “studyhabits”. Then, as a smart student, you. will seek to improve those skills thatyou use in study, chiefly reading and writing. (65) If you learn to read andwrite better, there are big benefits that pay off across the board in all yourstudies.
Section B 　FromChinese to English ( 10% )
Directions: Read thefollowing short paragraph carefully and then translate it into English, Yourtranslation must be written clearly on Answer SheetⅡ.
66．科技进步是社会发展的重要标尺。l851年，英国举办第一届世博会，就是因为它是世界上最先开展工业革命的国家，并产生了很多科技产品。工业革命后带来的生产力发展令人震撼，在不到100年的时间中，人类社会所创造的生产力比过去一切时代创造的全部生产力还要多、还要大。如果和工业革命后的那一百年相比，人类在最近一百年创造的生产力不知又要大多少倍。上海世博会(Expo 2010 shanghai) 展示了人类最新科技成就，如新一代移动通信、人工智能、新材料、生态节能建筑等，彰显了人获无尽的智慧和创造力。
Part IV Writing ( 20% )
Directions: Write an essay of about 250 to 300 words on the topic “Inheritance andInnovation: the Basis of Research” according to the Chinese instructions givenbelow, Write your essay on Answer Sheet II clearly and neatly.
传承和创新是学术研究的基石(foundation)。请你结合未来的学术研究工作举例谈谈你对其辩证关系的理解和评价。
Inheritance and Innovation: theBasis of Research

下载地址:http://free.100xuexi.com/Ebook/42483.html