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目录 封面
内容简介
目录
第一章 听 力
第一节 命题分析
第二节 技巧指南
第三节 专项练习[听力音频]
第二章 词汇、语法与文化
第一节 命题分析
第二节 技巧指南
第三节 专项练习
第三章 完形填空
第一节 命题分析
第二节 技巧指南
第三节 专项练习
第四章 阅读理解
第一节 命题分析
第二节 技巧指南
第三节 专项练习
第五章 翻 译
第一节 命题分析
第二节 技巧指南
第三节 专项练习
第六章 改 错
第一节 命题分析
第二节 技巧指南
第三节 专项练习
第七章 智力测试
第一节 命题分析
第二节 技巧指南
第三节 专项练习
第八章 写 作
第一节 命题分析
第二节 技巧指南
第三节 专项练习
内容简介
全国大学生英语竞赛(National English Contest for College Students，简称NECCS)是经教育部有关部门批准举办的全国惟一的大学英语综合能力竞赛活动。本竞赛旨在配合教育部高等教育教学水平评估工作，贯彻落实教育部关于大学英语教学改革精神，促进大学生英语水平的全面提高，激发广大大学生学习英语的兴趣，鼓励英语学习成绩优秀的大学生。
本书是专门为提高考生参加全国大学生英语竞赛D类（专科生）考试水平而编著的复习资料。本书按照最新一年真题及样题的试题结构设置章节，全面讲解听力、词汇语法与文化、完形填空等八大考试题型的命题规律及解题技巧，同时穿插大量真题示例以及精选各题型专项练习，帮助学员加深对解题思路的理解和掌握，并在实战中灵活运用。专项练习是在参考众多相关考试用书、国内外权威杂志以及优秀论文等大量素材的基础上精心设计而成，具有很强的针对性和实用性。
内容预览
第一章 听 力
第一节 命题分析
1．考核要求
全国大学生英语竞赛听力部分主要考查考生获取口头信息的能力（理解主旨大意、听懂重要事实和细节、推断隐含的意义、判断言语的交际功能、分辨说话人的观点态度等），要求学生在听完听力材料以后了解内容大意，抓住有关细节，并能进行综合归纳、推理，领会说话人的观点、态度、意图等。
2．试题结构
听力理解部分共30题，共计30分。听力竞赛题型每年都有变化，但从各年的竞赛真题来看，D类竞赛的初赛和决赛主要从四个方面来考查考生的听力理解能力：短对话、长对话、独白、复合式听写。
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3．试题特点
（1）题型较为稳定，基本可归纳为四个方面：短对话、长对话、独白、复合式听写。
（2）英语竞赛听力发音为标准的英音或美音，基本不会涉及方言；语速每分钟130词左右（四级水平左右）。
（3）听力内容取材广泛，但不会涉及专业话题，基本为日常生活相关的内容，同时不乏一些社会热点，如WTO、枪支销售、妇女地位等。
（4）对话部分的录音只放一遍，独白和复合式听写放两遍（独白2011年之前只放一遍，复合式听写2010年之前只放一遍），独白和复合式听写难度相对降低，但听力部分总体难度依然不小，是考生失分较多的地方。
第二节 技巧指南
为了帮助考生进一步明确所要考查的目标，对听力内容充分分析、概括、总结，并做出正确的推理、判断，最后得出答案，下面分别讲解四种类型考题的特点及解题技巧。
◆短对话
1．试题特点
（1）注重考查逻辑思维
在全国大学生英语竞赛听力对话部分中，能够从对话原文中直接找到答案的题目比重较小，而那些要求参赛学生对对话内容作深刻的逻辑推理，从而判断出对话人的意图、态度或意见要求的题所占比重较大。
（2）对话内容涉及面广
无论是长对话还是短对话，话题基本以衣、食、住、行等日常生活为主。
（3）对话的方式多为一问一答
在短对话听力测试中，对话的方式多为问答式，首先由第一个人提出一个问题，再由第二个人予以回答。或者由第一个人陈述一个观点，第二个人表示附和或反对。问答的回合数一般不会超过三个。
2．解题攻略
短对话作为听力理解部分中较为简单的一类题型，有其特定的解题技巧。
（1）提前快速浏览题目及选项，把握听音重点
考生应充分利用试卷发下到Directions播完的这段时间，迅速浏览试卷上这部分所给的选项，这样在听的时候能有的放矢地捕捉关键信息，弄清对话环境和意图，最后排除各干扰项，做出正确选择。
例1：[2014年D类初赛]
How long does the man study English in the morning?
A. For half an hour.
B. For an hour.
C. For two hours.
D. For six hours.
【听音重点】根据题目中“how long”和“study English in the morning”可知对话是关于早上学习英语的时间。听录音时应重点注意文中出现的关于时间的信息点。
【录音原文】
F:You mean you study extra after school?
M:Actually, I get up at 6 a.m. every morning and spend an hour on it.
F:Wow, you’re really working hard. Maybe I should try doing that, too.
例2：[2014年D类初赛]
Why does James want to go to France?He wants to visit ______.
A.
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B.
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C.
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D.
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【听音重点】由题干中的“France”和“visit”可以推测对话内容与James游览法国的计划有关。再看四个选项：A项是埃菲尔铁塔；B项为葡萄园或者果园；C项为宫殿；D项为凯旋门。在听音时要注意听取James想去的法国的地点。
【录音原文】
M:We’re going to France tomorrow.
F:Really? What’re you going to do there, James?
M:We’re going to Provence. I’m really looking forward to it.
F:Why?
M:Because it’s famous for its grape yards. I hear that there are many ofthem.
F:That sounds nice. Have a good time.
（2）注意捕捉说话人的弦外之音
对话部分有很多问题都不是针对讲话人的字面意思发问的，考生必须体会到讲话人的言外之意，才能推断出正确选项。
例：[2012年D类初赛]
What can we infer from the conversation?
A.The woman wondered why the man didn’t return the book.
B.The woman doesn’t seem to know what the book is about.
C.The woman forgot lending the book to the man.
【录音原文】
M: I’ve brought back your reference book for our Extensive Readingclass. I thought you might use it for the exam. I’m really sorry not to havereturned it last week.
F: Iwas wondering where the book was.
M:Sorry again.
【解析】当男士把书还给女士时，女士说“I was wondering where the book was.”女士不知道书去哪儿了，可知女士真正的意思是说，自己忘了把书借给男士了，故选C项。
（3）熟练掌握有关日常生活等方面的词语、习语、句型等
熟悉日常生活中常用的词汇、短语、习语、句型，能使考生听到相关对话时迅速做出反应，提高答题速度和正确率。
例：[2012年D类决赛]
Wheredoes the conversation probably take place?
A. In a hospital.
B. At a barber’s.
C. At a tailor’s.
【录音原文】
M:What would you like to have done? Just a cut and blow-dry?
F:Well, a cut and blow-dry, yes…but I’d also like some highlights done.
M: That sounds fine.
【解析】对话中提到了a cut，意思为“剪短”，blow-dry意思为“吹干”，为理发时常用的词汇，因此推断对话发生在理发店，选B项。
3．题型分析
听力短对话试题类型多样，这里主要介绍常涉及到的七种题型及针对各题型的答题技巧。
（1）地点与方向（Locations and Directions）
地点与方向类试题在对话中经常出现。这类题目根据对话内容，就有关地点提问，要求考生从A、B、C三个选项中选出正确答案。这些地点包括对话进行的地点、对话涉及的事件的地点、涉及的人物的地点或人物来自哪里及要去的地点。
考题类型：
①直接型。地点在对话中会直接出现，但提到的地点通常不止一个，考生需要对其进行辨认、选择。
例1：[2013年D类初赛]
Where does Jenny live?
A. In Dover.
B. In Birmingham.
C. In Brighton.
【录音原文】
M:Jenny, I’m calling you about our trip to Birmingham. We’re taking the train to Birmingham next Tuesday. Would you like to meet us there?
W:Sure! I think I can take the train from Dover to Birmingham. I don’t think it’stoo far from here.
M:Yes. Birmingham is located northwest of Dover. My father was born there. It’sreally not that far.
【解析】根据对话中Jenny说的“I think I can take the trainfrom Dover to Birmingham.”，可知Jenny住在Dover。
例2：[2012年D类初赛]
Where’sJoe going to travel this time?
A. Italy.
B. Denmark.
C. Germany.
【录音原文】
F:It’s so nice that you can always travel around. Where are you going this time,Joe?
M: Atfirst, I thought about going to Italy or Denmark. Considering the cost, Idecided on Germany.
F:Show me your photos when you come back.
【解析】Joe本打算去意大利或丹麦，可是考虑到路费太贵，于是改为去德国，选C项。
②间接型。没有直接提到地点或方向，要求考生根据对话的主题和内容进行推理判断。
例：[2011年D类初赛]
Wheremost probably are the two speakers?
A. At a bus stop.
B. On a train.
C. In a car.
【录音原文】
W: Ithought the bus leaves on the hour.
M: Itusually does, but this is the holiday schedule.
W: Icompletely forgot. I hope we won’t be late for the game.
【解析】根据对话内容可知，这两个人要坐公交车去参加或看比赛，而现在还没出发，因此推断他们在公交车站等车，故选A项。
答题技巧：
对于直接型考题，考生应先看题目，确定题目所问的对象是男士还是女士，然后再针对对话中的地点进行辨认、选择。
对于间接型考题，考生则应特别注意对话的主题，如在学校，话题常围绕学习。这类考题所涉及的场所通常有：学校、邮局、图书馆、商店、医院、餐馆、机场、车站、银行等。考生要注意与这些特定场所有关的词语。
常考场景相关词汇总结如下：
学校用语：
bachelor’sdegree学士学位
master’s degree硕士学位
doctor’s degree 博士学位
graduateceremony毕业典礼
academic year学年
make-up examination补考
required/obligatorycourse必修课
optional/electivecourse选修课
mid-termexamination期中考试
finalexamination期末考试
register/enroll 注册
campus校园
credit学分
quiz小测验
freshman大一学生
sophomore大二学生
junior大三学生
senior大四学生
postgraduate研究生
seminar研讨会
scholarship奖学金
tuition学费
diploma毕业证书
society学生社团
student union学生会
dormitory宿舍
clinic校医院
major专业
thesis论文
机场、车站用语：
first class头等舱
economy class经济舱
express trains快车
direct flight直达航班
internationalflight国际航班
domestic flight 国内航班
behind theschedule晚点/误点
check-inprocedure登机手续
left-luggageoffice行李寄存处 stewardess/airhostess空姐
steward空中先生
waiting lounge 候机大厅
waiting room候车室
conductor列车长
car attendant列车员
passport护照
visa签证
airliner班机
flight航班
board登机
gate登机口
land着陆
departure起飞
take off起飞
seat belt安全带
银行用语：
current account现金账户
exchange rate汇率
foreign currency外汇
traveler’s check旅游支票
open an account开户
savings account储蓄账户
interest rate利率
installment分期付款
credit card信用卡
passbook存折
withdraw取钱
overdraw透支
cash现金
check支票
deposit存款
loan贷款
teller 出纳
图书馆用语：
loan desk借书处
library card借书卡
reference room参考资料室
reference book参考书
issue（期刊、报纸）期
due（书、作业等）到期应交还的
catalogue目录
current issue现刊
back issue过刊
periodical期刊
fiction/novel小说
index索引
renew续借
overdue超期
pay a fine交罚金
bookshelf书架
餐馆用语：
go Dutch AA制
Chinese food中餐
Western stylefood西餐
soft drink不含酒精的饮料
be full/stuffed吃饱
pay a bill付账
treat sb. tosth.请某人吃某物
rare三分熟的
medium五成熟的
well-done全熟的
appetizer开胃菜
refreshment茶点
cold dish冷盘
dessert甜点
soup汤
tender嫩的
menu菜单
tip小费
buffet自助餐
snack快餐
order点菜
邮局用语：
airmail航空快件
ordinary/regularmail平信
registered mail挂号信
stampscounter/window卖邮票处
ordinarytelegram普通电报
urgent telegram加急电报
express mail快递
special delivery限时专递
overweightcharge超重费
return address 回函地址
sender’s address寄件人地址
package包裹
parcel form包裹单
postage邮资
zip code 邮政编码
remittance汇款
商店用语：
daily necessities日用品
check-out/cashdesk付款台
men’s/women’sdepartment男/女装部
Cash or charge? 付现金还是记账？
bargain讨价还价
one price不还
fixed prices定价
promotion促销
20% discount off打八折
packing/wrapping包装
on sale甩卖
sold out卖完
in stock有货
out of stock无货
cashier出纳员价
fashion时尚
医院用语：
blood pressure血压
emergency room急诊
operation room手术室
give aninjection注射
visiting hours探视时间
surgeon外科医生
physician内科医生
traditionalChinese medicine中医
take one’stemperature量体温
dentist牙医
cough咳嗽
flu流感
fever发烧
headache头痛
sneeze打喷嚏
a sore throat 嗓子疼
indigestion消化不良
prescription处方
check-up 体检
ward病房
treat治疗
cure/heal治愈
dose剂量
tablet药片
capsule胶囊
first-aid kit 急救箱
宾馆用语：
room service客房服务
single/doubleroom单/双人间
check in/out 登记入住/付账后离
reservation预定
reception desk登记处
service counter服务台
duration of stay停留时间
suite套间
inn客栈
full up注满了
vacancy空房
开理发店用语：
hairdresser美发师
blow the hair吹风
haircut理发
hairstyle发型
beard胡须
mustache髭
curly卷发的
bob剪短
shave刮胡子
cut剪发
海关用语：
allowance限额
go through thecustoms通关
declare申报
duty free免税的
visa签证
办公室用语：
vacancy空缺
appointment预约
candidate求职者
job applicant求职者
fire/dismiss解雇
employer老板
employee雇员
resume简历
scanner扫描仪
printer打印机
fax传真
file文件
copier复印机
schedule时间表
法庭用语：
jury陪审团
accuse控诉
My Lord/YourHonor 法官大人
guilty有罪的
innocent清白的
crime犯罪
witness证人
（2）时间与数字（Time and Numerals）
时间与数字类的题目包括直接型和隐含型。
考题类型：
①直接型。该类考题不需要计算，答案直接出现在对话的多个数字中，要求考生根据题目从三个数字中直接辨认出答案。主要考查考生对数字的辨认及记忆能力。
例1：[2013年D类初赛]
How much did the stamp ofElvis Presley cost?
A.29 cents.
B.32 cents.
C.35 cents.
【录音原文】
W: Wow,you have collected so many stamps. What’s this?
M: Thisis a stamp of Elvis Presley. He was a famous rock’n’rollsinger. We call him “the king of rock’n’roll”!
W: It’sa 29-cent stamp.
M: Yes, but in 1998 it cost 32cents to mail a letter within the United States.
【解析】对话中提到Elvis Presley的邮票时说“It’s a 29-cent stamp”，所以A项正确。
例2：[2012年D类决赛]
Howmany times was the amount debited from the man’s account?
A. Once.
B. Two times.
C. Three times.
【录音原文】
M: Iwould like to make a complaint.
F:Certainly. What seems to be the problem?
M: Ibought an MP3 player last week using my credit card. I just checked my bankaccount statement and found that my account was debited twice.
【解析】男士投诉他的信用卡被扣了两次钱，而他只用信用卡付过一次钱，故选B项。
例3：[2009年D类初赛]
Whattime was the man’s appointment?
A. 10:30.
B. 11:00.
C. 11:40.
【录音原文】
M:Hello, I have an appointment to see the dentist at 11:00.
W:Oh, dear. You are very late, that was over half an hour ago.
M:What’s time is it now?
W:It’s 11:40.
【解析】对话首句男士即说到“I have an appointment to see the dentist at 11:00”，因此本题应选择B项。
②隐含型。选项中的时间或数字不会直接出现在对话里，有时需进行简单的计算。
例1：[2012年D类初赛]
How much will the man pay for the tickets he wants to buy?
A. $35.
B. $25.
C. $50.
【录音原文】
M: Excuse me. How much is the ticket for Wednesday’s concert?
F:The full price is 35 dollars. For students, it is 10 dollars off.
M:Thank you. Can I have two students’ tickets, please? Here are our studentcards.
【解析】根据内容可知成人票$35一位，学生票$25一位，男士要两张学生票，因此需付$50，选C项。
例2：[2011年D类决赛]
Howlong does the man do local deliveries every day?
A. About 6 hours.
B. About 2 hours.
C. About 12 hours.
【录音原文】
M:The two of us make all local deliveries before noon.
W:How early do you start?
M:Six a.m. on weekdays. After 12 o’clock I do the out-of-town deliveries.
【解析】对话中男士指出他们两人在中午之前进行所有的本地运输，女士问道“你们什么时候开始的”，从男士的回答“平时是早上6点，12点之后我就去进行城外运输了”，可知男士每天进行本地运输的时间是六个小时，故选A项。
答题技巧：
对于直接型考题，考生需要根据题目和对话内容在三个数字中进行选择，因此考生可以利用短暂的间隙浏览题目，查看题目所提问的对象，之后在听对话内容时将该对象所对应的数字记录下来。
对于隐含型考题，该类考题的答案有时需要进行简单的计算，如将数字进行加减等。这要求考生在听对话时需将对话中出现的所有数字和其对应的对象记下来，以便根据题目中要求回答的对象进行计算。
①对于时间题，要注意以下几点：
a. 时间、日期和年代的读法
“-teen”和“-ty”是众多考生容易混淆的，应该注意区分。只要区别为：第一、重音不同。前者重音在词末，而后者重音在词首；第二、是否有鼻音。结尾发音有鼻音/n/的单词为“-teen”。如：fourteen和forty，thirteen和thirty等
b. 时间
5:12 fivetwelve/twelve past five
7:15 seven fifteen/aquarter past seven (after seven)
8:45 eightforty-five/ a quarter to nine
11:50 eleven fifty/ten to twelve
2:00 pm14:00/two pm
12:00 twelve/noon/ midday
24:00 midnight
c. 日期与年代
3月15日 March 15th/ the 15th of March
每隔一天（每两天） every other day/ every two days
几天前theother day /a few days ago
两星期fortnight/period of two weeks
20世纪 the twentieth century
19世纪40年代 in the eighteen forties
公元前450年（450BC）four hundred and fifty BC/fourfifty BC
②对于数字题，要注意以下表达方式（同一意义的不同表达）：
a. 多位数的表达
10ten/ a decade
12 twelve/ a dozen
1960 nineteen sixty
1900 nineteen hundred
b. 分数与小数
分数：分子用基数表示，分母用序数表示
1/2 (0.5) one half (zero point five)
1/4 (0.25) one fourth/ a quarter (zero point two five)
c. 号码、货币
电话号码按位数逐个读出来：87316789
房间号码、邮政编码、街道等：180 one-eighty/ one-eight-zero
注意货币单位与数量单位基数的不同。如：a penny=one cent，a nickel=five cents，a quarter=twenty-five cents，a half dollar= fifty cents。
③注意数字换算
掌握听力课堂中所列的与数字相关的表达方式。由于每个对话间隔的时间短，既要回忆对话内容，又要阅读选择项，还要进行计算，一次熟练掌握换算进率是十分必要的。
星期、日期、天、分的换算进率分别为7、30/31、24、60。
Aquarter 指时间是15分钟，指月份是一季度（三个月），指百分比为25%。
（3）身份与关系（Identity and Relationships）
对话中身份与关系类题是指根据对话内容就和对话有关人物的职业、身份或人物之间的关系提问，要求参赛学生从三个选项中选出一个正确答案的题型。
该类考题主要包括考查职业身份和考查二者关系，其提问角度主要有以下四种：
①就对话人某一方的职业身份提问。
Whatis the woman’s job?
②就对话人之间的关系提问。
What’sthe relationship between the man and the woman?
③就对话中涉及的第三者的职业、身份提问。
Whatdo you think is Mary’s profession?
④就对话中涉及的第三者与第四者之间的关系提问。
Whatis the relationship between Tom and Jerry?
考题类型：
①考查职业身份
这类题涉及的职业主要有教师、学生、图书管理员、医生/牙医、营业员、服务员、修理工、家庭主妇等。
例1：[2013年D类决赛]
Whatdoes the woman want to be in the future?
A.
![]()
B.
![]()
C.
![]()
【录音原文】
M: You’releaving school soon, aren’t you?
W:Yes. My A-levels will start next week, but I’m not too bothered about theresults, because when I leave school I’m going to concentrate on my musiccareer. I’m lead singer in a band and I don’t need any qualifications to be apop star. I see my future very clearly—I’m going to be incredibly famous andfabulously rich.
M: Soyou’ve already got a contract then?
W: Er,no, not as such. Actually, we haven’t got a manager yet, but the minute I’vetaken my last exam, I’m going to find a really good one.
【解析】女士说她现在是乐队的主唱，以后会非常有名而且非常有钱，可知女士想成为一位明星，故A项正确。
例2：[2011年D类初赛]
Who is the man talking to?
A. A baker’s delivery service.
B. An office supply store salesperson.
C. A book designer.
【录音原文】
M: What is your minimum order for delivery purposes?
W: One hundred dollars. And deliveries are made on Monday, Wednesdayand Friday.
M: Then could you add two rolls of fax paper and some notebooks?
【解析】男士最后问能不能再加two rolls offax paper and some notebooks，由此可知他在买办公用品，故选B项。
例3：[2011年D类决赛]
Whois the man talking to?
A. A tour guide.
B. A ticket collector.
C. A taxi driver.
【录音原文】
M: Can we take an alternateroute? It’s rush hour and I have to be at the airport by ten.
W: Ido this every day, sir. The traffic gets lighter after this junction. Don’tworry.
M: I knew I should have set the alarm clock earlier.
【解析】录音中男士提议另选路线，因为现在正是上班高峰期而自己必须在10点之前到达机场，从女士的回答“我每天都走这条路，过了这个交叉路口交通就没这么拥堵了”可推断女士是一名出租车司机。
②考查二者之间关系
这类题涉及的关系主要有：教师与学生、医生与病人、丈夫与妻子、借书者与图书馆员、旅客与服务员、老板与雇员、修理工与顾客等。
例：[2005年D类初赛]
A. Customer and salesman.
B. Teacher and student.
C. Doctor and patient.
D. Boss and employee.
【录音原文】
M:Come on in! Hi, Jane!
W:Thank you, Mr. Thompson.
M:All right. So, what did you want to see me about?
W:Well, I asked for this meeting to talk to you about my pay.
M:What about it? Do you feel you’re not being rewarded fairly?
W: I’mafraid I do.
M: I’msorry that you feel that way. I admit that you work very hard, so I’ll find away to make it up for you. Okay?
W:Thank you.
Q:What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers?
【解析】对话中女士对男士说想讨论一下有关工资的问题，男士也回应说女士工作非常努力，由此可知两人是上下级即老板与雇员的关系，因此答案为D项。
答题技巧：
①如选项为关于职业、身份及关系方面的词汇，可断定该题属于身份与关系类对话。
②对话中一般不会直接提及人物的身份与关系，需要通过对话中的预期及关键词来进行判断。因此，考生应该掌握有关特定语言环境及表示人物身份职业的词汇，并在做题时注意捕捉与人物职业身份相关的关键词。
③应该注意对话人的语气。不同关系的人物对话，其语气特征会比较明显。如夫妻、恋人之间常用比较亲昵的语气；同学、朋友之间常用比较随意的语气；而下属对老板则常用比较恭敬的语气。注意体会说话者的语气、语调及所用的称呼，将有助于判断对话者之间的关系。如：
Dr. 是学生对老师或病人对医生的称呼
Mr./Mrs.反映下级对上级或学生对老师的称呼
Prof.用于对教授的称呼
Darling用于夫妻之间
参考词汇：
职业身份：
Postman（邮递员）：
deliver, letter, parcel, mail, post, airmail, registered letter,postcard, mailbox, postage,etc.
Repairman（修理工）：
fix, plug, gear, garage, vacuum, air-conditioner, heater,refrigerator, washing machine, drain, microwave, switch, plumber
somethingis wrong with…
Police（警察）：
speeding, traffic light, driver’s license, fine, give a ticket to
Taxi-driver（出租车司机）：
fare, meter, get off, change, tip, destination, etc.
Whereshall I take you?
Whereto?
Custom officer（报关员）：
passport, restricted articles, free of duty
Doyou have anything to declare?
Anythingdutiable?
Librarian（图书管理员）：
borrow, library card, periodical, journal, catalogue, book shelf,due, overdue, renew
Bank Clerk（银行职员）：
balance, cash, check, an open account, interest, overdraft,withdraw, deposit
两者关系：
Doctors and Patients（医生和病人）：
examination, prescribe, injection, operation, fever, cough,headache, diagnose, medicine, flu, surgery, be operated on, indigestion, etc.
What’sthe matter with you?
What’swrong (with you)?
Isuffered…
Teachers and Students（教师和学生）：
textbook, course, grade, mark, exam, term paper, test, assignment,homework, lesson, class score, scholarship, pass, fail, semester, credit, oralexam, written exam, make up an exam, school record, tuition, drop out
Waiter or Waitress（顾客和服务生）：
shop-assistant , attendant, menu, order, tip, on sale, for sale,marked price, discount, selling season, shopping record, treat, go Dutch,steak, ham, out of style, in fashion, all the rage, in good taste
Whatcan I do for you?
May Ihelp you?
May Itake your order now?
Wouldyou like something else?
Willthis be cash or charge/check/cheque?
Airport Staff andCustomer（机场人员和乘客）：
cabin door, gate, business class, economy class, first class,restricted articles, single ticket, return ticket, difference in time, airsick,seat belt fasten, take off, board, land
语气词 :Hi! Please! How do you do? How are you? Hello!
Boss and secretary（老板和秘书）：
typing, operating, copy, files, document, report, telephone,appointment, timetable, arrangement, etc.
（4）态度与建议（Attitude and Suggestion）
考生需根据对话内容的关键词、上下文甚至语气、语调的内涵意义并利用逻辑思维能力进行判断，找出对话中人物对某事件或某人的观点态度。
常见的提问方式：
Howdoes the man/woman feel about?
Whatdoes the man/woman think of...?
Whatdoes the man/woman mean?
What doesthe man/woman say about...?
例1：[2014年D类决赛]
Whatdoes the man think of the dress?
A. It’s perfect.
B. It’s a bit too long.
C. It’s a bit too bright.
D. It’s expensive.
【录音原文】
F:Does this dress really look OK? Maybe I should change before the party.
M:No, it looks great. It’s a beautiful dress.
F:You’re just saying that because I made it! It’s too bright. And I made it toolong!
M:No, I think it’s perfect, a perfect red party dress.
F:Maybe this looks too unusual.
M:Yes, it’s beautiful. When you become a successful designer, this dress will befamous!
【解析】根据录音中男士所说的“it looks great. It’sa beautiful dress”及“I think it’s perfect, a perfect red party dress”，可知他认为这件裙子十分完美。
例2：[2012年D类初赛]
Whatdoes Steven think of the lecture?
A. He is doubtful about some of its evidence.
B. He has the same opinion as Angela on the lecture.
C. He thinks it is quite logical and credible.
【录音原文】
F: Ithought the lecture on UK regional accents had some credible points about theways in which English is changing. What do you think of it, Steven?
M: Tobe honest, Angela, I’m quite skeptical of some of the evidence. It seems to methat their predictions were insufficiently detailed.
F:Really? I thought the research method appeared to be logical.
【解析】Steven说他对一些论据保持怀疑态度，因此选A项。
答题技巧：
①答案通常与后者的话有关，选项中有关第一说话人的话通常不是正确答案。
第一人态度为肯定时，第二人的回答有：
支持：yes，sure，of course，that’s a good idea，out of question...
反对：no，not really，not likely，not at all，no way，out of the question...
第一人态度为否定，第二人的回答有：
支持：no，of course not，you don’t
反对：yes，of course，you do
②看清问题，找准听音重点。
观点态度类试题主要是判断对话中说话人对所谈及的事或人所持的观点及态度。考生做这类试题时要注意理解对话中的大意，并且还要注意问题中考查的是男士还是女士的观点，以免错判。
③这里要注意几种关于态度的表达方式：
a. 双重否定表肯定
notimpossible，can’tagree... any more，notunusual等
b. 部分否定的词
all，every，always not等
c. 虚拟语气表假设，非真实情况
④熟练掌握表示建议的常用句式：
Whynot…?
Whydon’t you/we…?
Howabout…?
You’dbetter…
Youmay/might as well…
If Iwere you, I would…
I’drather you…
（5）行为与计划（Action and Plan）
行为与计划类题目的选项常以“to+V(或不带to的不定式)短语”、“V-ing短语”或“V-ed短语”等形式出现。对话中常会出现一个或几个动作，要求考生根据对话的内容，迅速记忆提及的动作及相关信息、动作发生的前后顺序以及动作与动作发出者的对应关系等。
该类试题要求考生对对话的主题及题目中说话人的行为进行判断，主要的提问方式有：
Whatdoes the man want to do?
Whatis the man planning to do?
Whatis the man going to do?
Whatare the two speakers talking about?
…
①考查过去的行为
例：[2009年D类初赛]
Whatdid the boy do about the fire?
A. He was so afraid that he ran away.
B. He managed to put it out.
C. He was scared and didn’t know what to do.
【录音原文】
M:Did you hear about the fire last night?
W:Yes, I did. I think the boy didn’t know what to do.
M: That’squite true. People need to teach children about fire safety.
【解析】女士提到I think the boy didn’t knowwhat to do，因此C项正确。
②考查将来的行为
例：[2013年D类决赛]
WhatMichael would like to do this weekend is to ______.
A. study for the exam next week
B. watch films at home
C. play tennis with Jenny
【录音原文】
W:I’m so glad that it’s Friday again! What would you like to do this weekend? I’dlike to takeexercises. How about tennis? I’ve been studying all week, and I’mtired of sitting. Let’s play a few matches.
M:Jenny, I’m tired.I don’t feel like doing anything strenuous. I’d rather stayhome and watch movies. Could you stop by the MovieCenter on your way here andrent five or six good movies?
W:Come on Michael. I’d rather not watch movies again. I’d prefer to do somethingactive.
【解析】男士提到“I’d rather stay home andwatch movies.”，由此可知他周末想在家看电影。
③考查现在的行为
例1：[2005年D类初赛]
A. Shopping.
B. Watching.
C. Studying.
D. Exercising.
【录音原文】
M: May I speak to John, please?
W: I’m sorry, but he isn’t here. He went to the gym.
M: Thank you. I’ll call later.
Q: What is John probably doing?
【解析】由“John去体育馆了”可知，他是去Exercising。
例2：[2011年D类初赛]
Whatis Bart concerned about?
A. Finishing the report on time.
B. Meeting the chairman of the board.
C. Convincing Judith to help him.
【录音原文】
W:How is the report going, Bart?
M:The chairman of the board wants it by five, but I don’t think I can do it byten.
W:Bart, Judith and I will help you.
【解析】董事长要求报告五点之前完成，而Bart认为自己到了十点也完不成，很着急，因此他最关心的是能不能准时完成报告，故选A项。
答题技巧：
听对话时要对与动作有关的内容特别注意，抓住表示时间顺序的词语，如since，before，after，then等，还要特别注意对话中所使用的时态和重复出现的词，这些往往是答题的关键。
（6）因果（Cause and Effect）
此类题型较难，因为原因的阐述通常会出现在第一句，容易被忽视，且该类题信号词较少，需听完完整对话后才能明白其内容重点。
常见的提问方式：
Whycan’t sb. do sth.?
Whyis sb. ...?
Whydoes sb. ...?
例1：[2014年D类决赛]
Whywas the man concerned about his shirt?
A. He was afraid of getting it torn when playing.
B. He thought it didn’t match his short haircut.
C. He was afraid of getting it dirty.
D. He hated wearing white shirt.
【录音原文】
F: Doyou remember our first day of school?
M: Inelementary school, you mean? Sure, I was wearing a new white shirt and was soafraid of getting it dirty.
F:And I had a really short haircut, which I hated.
M:Yeah, I remember. You kept touching your head.
【解析】对话中女士问男士是否记得第一天去学校时的情形，男士回答中提到“I was wearing a new white shirt and was so afraid of getting itdirty”，即男士那天穿了一件新衬衫，特别担心把它弄脏。
例2：[2014年D类决赛]
Whywere some people seriously injured in the accident?
A. The driver had drunk too much and couldn’t hold the steering wheel.
B. The car crossed the road at a high speed when the red light was on.
C. The ambulance arrived late.
D. They didn’t fasten their seat belts.
【录音原文】
F: Wasanyone hurt in the accident?
M:Yeah, I’m afraid so. One of the passengers flew out of the window, and thedriver hit his head on the steering wheel. The ambulance just left.
F:Were they wearing seat belts?
M:No. I heard the police saying it was such a pity. That’s probably why they werehurt so badly.
【解析】对话中双方就一场交通事故进行了谈论，当女士问司机和乘客是否系了安全带时，男士给出了否定回答，并指出“That’s probably why they were hurt so badly”，因此正确答案为D项。
例3：[2013年D类决赛]
Whydoes Paul look upset?
A. Because he has to do his annual medical check-up.
B. Because he has to change his lifestyle.
C. Because he has had some serious health problems.
【录音原文】
W:Paul, you don’t look very happy. What’s wrong?
M:Well I went to the doctor for my annual medical check-up last Sunday, and he saidthat I had to make some lifestyle changes, or else I may have some healthproblems.
W:What did the doctor tell you?
M: He told me that I should change my diet and that I had to getmore exercises. If I don’t, he said, I might develop some serious problems.
【解析】男士闷闷不乐是因为“he said that I had tomake some lifestyle changes”，即医生建议他改变生活方式，所以B项正确。
例4：[2012年D类初赛]
Why isn’t Cathy going to the meeting tomorrow?
A. She doesn’t know when it will be.
B. She doesn’t have to go.
C. She has to go to a party.
【录音原文】
F: I didn’t go to the meeting yesterday. Is the next one tomorrow?
M: Yes. It’s at three p.m. Are you going to attend it, Cathy?
F: No, it’s not a required meeting. And I’ve got a lot of work todo. But, could you let me know if they mention the party?
【解析】Cathy没被要求参加会议，她询问会议并不是要参加而是想知道会上有没有提party的事，因此她不用去，选B项。
答题技巧：
①注意听清第二个人的讲话内容，尤其是如果第二个对话人使用I’d like to...but...句式时，but之后就是具体原因。
②熟悉一些表示因果关系的词和短语，在听录音时要特别注意以下词或短语之后的内容。
words: because, as, for, since, in that, hence, therefore,consequently, cause, reason
expressions:due to, owing to, because of, thanks to, on account for, as a result, resultfrom, result in, lead to, give rise to, contribute to, attribute to, now that,so that, so…that, such…that, in order to, be responsible for
（七）气候与天气
谈论天气的人一般是朋友或家庭成员，内容涉及气候、温度、环境及天气对人们生活和出行的影响。
例1：[2014年D类初赛]
Willthey go climbing the mountain tomorrow?
A. Yes, they will if it stops raining.
B. Yes, they will even if it rains.
C. No, they won’t even if it stops raining.
D. The man will but the woman won’t.
【录音原文】
M:Listen. Do you want to go up to the mountain tomorrow?
F:I’m not sure if we’ll be able to. It’s supposed to rain.
M: Really?Where did you hear that?
F: Onthe news. It’s going to get a little warmer and we should expect rain in themorning.
M:Well, if the sky clears up, let’s go up to the mountain in the afternoon.
【解析】录音中男士问对方明天是否想去爬山，女士回答说根据天气预报明天早晨会下雨。从最后男士的回答“if the sky clears up, let’s go up to the mountain in the afternoon(如果天晴了，我们就下午去爬山吧)”，可知正确答案应该为A项。
例2：[2010年D类初赛]
What’sthe weather like during Jack’s holiday?
A. It is snowing.
B. It is sunny.
C. It is raining.
【录音原文】
W:Hello, Jack, are you having a good holiday?
M:Hi, Mum. Not really. It’s rained every day since I got here.
W:That’s a pity. It’s been nice and sunny here. When will you be home?
M: Intwo days’ time—I hope it doesn’t snow before then.
【解析】对话中妈妈问Jack假期是否过得愉快，Jack的回答中提到“It’s rained every daysince I got here（自从我到那儿开始就每天下雨）”，因此选C项。
例3：[2006年D类初赛]
A. Cold and cloudy.
B. Cold and rainy.
C. Cold and snowy.
D. Cold and windy.
【录音原文】
W:How was your holiday, Mike?
M: Wehad a good time, but the weather was awful. We didn’t have one sunny day!
W: Ohdear, a week of rain, poor you!
M:Well, that’s the funny thing. It never actually rained, it was just freezingcold and cloudy. We thought it might even snow.
Q:What was the weather like on Mike’s holiday?
【解析】由Mike回答的第二句话可知，在他的整个假期期间，天气都不好，即freezing cold and cloudy。
答题技巧：
解答该类题型要注意关于气候与天气的相关词汇及短语：
climate,forecast, get worse, sunny, bright, warm (up), cloudy, overcast, gloomy, windy,foggy, rain, snow, snow storm, etc.
冷暖:temperature,hot, cold, such a severe winter, etc.
（8）主题（Subject）
该类题目要求考生根据对话中的内容判断他们讨论的主题是什么。
常见提问方式为：
Whatare they/the two speakers talking about?
...
例：[2011年D类初赛]
Whatare the speakers talking about?
A. What to have for lunch.
B. Whether or not to eat out.
C. How to get to the conference.
【录音原文】
W:Will we have time to go out for lunch?
M: I thinkwe should have it delivered to the office.
W:You’re right. We can’t afford to be late for that conference.
【解析】由对话内容可知，这两个人要参加一个会议，因此没有时间去外面吃饭，所以最后决定叫外卖，由此可知他们在讨论是否要出去吃饭，故选B项。
答题技巧：
主题型试题主要考查学生对短对话的主要内容的把握能力。考生需要抓住关键字或主题句，根据所获得的关键信息，来分析概括主题。
注意不要只从对话一方的话语中寻找答案。由于是考查谈话主题，因此双方的话语中应都含有与主题相关的线索词。
◆长对话
1．试题特点
（1）取材广泛
长对话的题材涉及十分广泛，如选课、考试、借书、打工、社团活动等大学校园内发生的与学习、生活及娱乐有关的内容，人物关系主要以学生之间或师生之间为主；或是租房、求职、商务、旅行或访谈等校园以外的内容，人物关系相对多样。同一次考试中的两组对话一般会选用不同题材。
（2）命题点多且分散
长对话兼有短对话和复合式听写的特点。短对话中考查的习语与词汇、场景与人物、时间与数字、原因与结果、虚拟与转折等内容同样会在长对话中出现。长对话与短对话相比，信息量增大很多，短对话只针对一处信息点命题，而长对话命题点多且分散。
（3）命题顺序一般与原文一致
长对话一般是按照与原文相符的先后顺序进行命题的。这条命题原则对于考生来讲很重要，因为在听的过程中如能按顺序把某些选项中的关键词适当地“对号入座”，必要时再做一点笔记，就会增加对原文的理解程度，从而提高该部分的成绩。
2．解题攻略
（1）听到什么选什么原则
长对话部分一般只要听见了某个词语，并且在选项里面也出现了该词语，那么这个选项就极有可能是正确选项。这个原则对考查细节的题目比较实用。对于听不懂或者没有听清楚的词句，可以采用此技巧。
（2）中心内容原则
考生在听对话的时候，要把精力集中在说话人想要通过他的讲话传达什么样的信息或者阐明什么样的观点，而不是去想什么词没有听见，什么句子没有听懂，永远去关注说话人想说明的主要观点。
抓住这一点，不仅可以应对主旨类试题，还可以应对某些其他类型的试题，因为与短对话相比，长对话涉及的是一个“面”，必然有一个中心议题，中心议题就是该“面”的凝聚点，对话双方都是围绕该中心而展开对话的，因此对于长对话而言，做出正确选择的关键就是把握住对话的主题。
（3）问答原则
长对话中经常出现的问答的形式（即两个人对话时，其中一个人提问，另一个人对所提问的问题进行回答）是题眼。通常，对话中的问句往往成为问题的改写，回答的部分就是需要选的答案，因此考生要留心对话中的问句，学会在一问一答中把握考点。
（4）原因原则
原因在对话中常常会成为考试的焦点。因此，当对话中出现一些表示原因的标志词，如because，for，since，now that，so，consequently，therefore等时，考生要格外注意。
（5）but原则
这个原则非常简单，就是只要出现but，或者其他的转折连词，如however，although等，后面的内容往往就是考点。
（6）解释原则
有时候对话中会出现一些生僻的词或概念，如果这样的词或概念对理解整个对话没有影响，说话人是不会解释的，所以这个时候不需要对它多加注意，但是一旦说话人解释了，就说明它很可能对理解对话内容起到非常重要的作用，这时候，解释的内容就一定要仔细听，这极有可能就是题眼。
（7）建议原则
一般来讲，在对话中只要出现建议，建议就会是考点。实际上，这一原则不仅在长对话中适用，在小对话中往往也是如此，所以只要是建议就要把它记住，而且考生在复习时要尽可能地熟悉各种各样的建议方式。
3．题型分析
长对话部分的常考题型可分为以下三类：
（1）细节识别题（听懂重要的或特定的细节）
长对话中细节题所占的比重最高，一篇长对话中通常会出现4个以上的细节题，有时甚至全为细节题。细节题涉及对话中一些具体的信息，比如人物的身份、年龄、姓名、电话、事情发生的地点、原因等。可能的提问方式如下：
Wheredoes the conversation most probably take place?
Whenwill the show begin?
Howmuch is a child’s ticket?
Howlong does it take the man to…?
Whatgifts can children get from the library this year?
例1：[2014年D类初赛]
Whathappened?There was ______.
A. an accident
B. an explosion
C. a parade
D. a fight
【录音原文】
M:There was an accident on Oak Road and Maple Street.
F:Yeah, I saw it. A van hit the car that was going down Oak Road. The van driverdidn’t even stop before he went on Oak Road.
【解析】根据对话第一句“There was an accident on Oak Road and Maple Street”，可知发生了交通事故，因此答案选A项。parade (部队的)检阅；游行。
例2：[2014年D类初赛]
Whatwill they do to prevent the accidents?
A. Become volunteers to guide the traffic.
B. Put a traffic light there.
C. Sent more traffic police to direct the traffic.
D. Put a stop sign there.
【录音原文】
F: Isthere anything we can do to prevent these accidents?
M: Isuppose we might put a stop sign there.
F:That’s a good idea. That will at least alert drivers to possible dangers.
【解析】对话接近尾声时，女士问“我们能做些什么来避免这些交通事故的发生呢”，男士回答说“I suppose we might put a stop sign there”，由此可知本题答案为D项(在那儿放一个停车标志)。
例3：[2013年D类初赛]
What is New York famous for?
A. Squares.
B. Temples.
C. Skyscrapers.
【录音原文】
W:Wow, Joey, the buildings are so tall in New York. You can barely see the sky!
M:Yes, Sasha. New York is famous for its skyscrapers. But did you know that thetallest skyscraper in theworld is not even located in New York City?
【解析】根据男士的回答“New York is famous forits skyscrapers.”可知，C项正确。
例4：[2011年D类初赛]
Whereare they going to have the party?
A.In a flat.
B. In a restaurant.
C. In a public hall.
【录音原文】
W:Hi, Jackie! We’re going to a farewell party on Friday evening. Would you liketo come?
M: Toa party? Ruth, I’d love to! Whose party is it?
W: My friend,Ben. He’s going to Paris on Saturday. He’s got a great job with a Frenchmagazine.
M: Wow! Good forhim. Is he having a party at his flat?
W:Yes. He’s arranged for a DJ and is cooking some French food. It should be good!
【解析】Jackie问Ruth晚会是在Ben的公寓里举行吗，Ruth回答是，故选A项。
（2）推理判断题（推论隐含的意义）
推理试题的难度相对比较大，主要的提问方式有：
Whatcan you infer from the conversation?
Whatmight be the man’s attitude toward…?
Whatdoes the man think about…?
长对话部分对推理判断题的考查不是很多，该类试题主要考查考生的推理判断能力，考生应根据自己对对话内容的理解找出与对话意义相符的选择项，而不仅仅以词句是否与材料中听到的词句完全和部分相同而定。对于没有听懂的句子，可以根据已经获得的部分信息以及自己具备的一般常识来判断可能性大的选项。
例1：[2013年D类初赛]
What is the relationshipbetween the man and the woman?
A. Doctor and patient.
B.Librarian and student.
C. Policeman and passer-by.
【录音原文】
W:Where are famous Americans from?
M: They’re from all over America. Some of them weren’t even born in America, but came to America and became U.S. citizens.
W: Doyou happen to know where Benjamin Franklin was from?
M: Boston. Benjamin Franklin was a printer, writer, philosopher, scientist, and diplomat! Isthere anything else you’d like to know?
W:Yes. I would be very grateful if you could show me where to find the booksabout famous Americans.
M:Sure. If you follow me, I’ll show you how our library is organised. Everythingthat we have in our library you can find is listed in our computer system.
W:Really? How does it work? How can I find the books I’m looking for?
M:Just type in the name of the author or the title of the book and the computerwill tell you where the bookis located in the library. It will also give you ashort description of the book.
W: How convenient!
【解析】通过整个对话及男士提到的“If you follow me, I’ll show you how our library is organised.”可知，两人的关系为图书管理员和学生。
例2：[2013年D类决赛]
What’sthe most probable relationship between the man and the woman?
A. Interviewer and chef.
B. Customer and chef.
C. Baker and chef.
【录音原文】
W:Chef Louis, well done on your new restaurant!
M:Thank you. I’ve been dreaming of this day for a very long time. Yes, I workedfor some of the best chefs in the world ten years ago. And now, finally, I havemy own place.
W:When and where did you start your career?
M: Istarted in a small restaurant in France when I was just sixteen. You know I’vebeen cooking for a very long time.
W: Tell me: what’s the worstaccident that has happened to you in all that time?
M:Well, nothing disastrous fortunately, but I’ve cut my finger more times than Ican remember!
W: Can you tell us about yourlife in England?
M:Well, I’ve been living here since 1992. And in that time I had some wonderfulexperiences. I’m very happy here.
W: And so tell us about yourrestaurant.
M: Ilove food. It’s my source of passion. In my restaurant we have food from allover the world. I have a new chef, Yoshi Ikeda. He teaches me some techniquesfrom Japan. And I also have lessons from another fantastic chef from Thailand. Come and try our new dishes!
W:I’d love to. Well, I’ve been enjoying our chat today. Thank you for your time.
【解析】录音中女士首先提到“Chef Louis，你的新餐厅真不错”，可知对方是一名厨师，通过对话过程中女士向对方提到的一系列问题，如对方是何时何地开始他的事业的，过程中出现过什么事故等，可推测她是一位记者。
例3：[2009年D类初赛]
Wheredoes the conversation take place?
A. At a train station.
B. In a restaurant.
C. At an information booth.
【录音原文】
W:Hello, can I help you?
M:Yes, please. I want some information about a train to Newcastle.
W:Certainly. When are you going to travel? Today?
M:Oh, no, on Tuesday. I think there is one at about 11:30 in the morning.
W:Let me see. Yes, there is, and it arrives in Newcastle at 1:30.
M:That’s fine. And how much is a ticket, please?
W:Well, a single ticket is 25pounds.
M:I’d like a return, please.
W:Then that’s 40 pounds.
M:Ok, can I get a meal on that train? You know, lunch.
W:En…I’m afraid there isn’t a restaurant car on that train. But they sell drinksand sandwiches.
M: That will be fine. Must Ibuy my ticket at the station ticket office or can I get one in the town center?
W:You can buy one at the northern travel agency at 22 Mallet street.
M:What’s the name of the street again?
W:Mallet. M-A-L-L-E-T.
M:Thanks.
【解析】录音中男士在询问女士去Newcastle的火车时间，票价以及在哪买票等情况，排除选项B。男士询问女士他是否必须得去火车站售票厅买票，在市中心能否买到，因此排除选项A，故本题答案为C项。
（3）主旨大意题
常见的提问方式：
Whatis the conversation mainly about?
Whatare the two speakers talking about?
Whatdoes the conversation focus on?
Whatis the main topic of the conversation?
长对话中对主旨大意的考查不是很多，该部分是对整个对话内容的总结，属于难度较高的一类题目，因此考生仍需注意。长对话的主题句一般是出现在对话的开始部分，并且对话的主旨会通过对话场景体现在一些关键词中，考生应该注意把握。
例：[2011年D类初赛]
Whatare they talking about?
A. Tony’s daily schedule.
B. Tony’s school life.
C. Tony’s job.
【录音原文】
W:Hi, Tony. How’s the new job at the bank? Are you the manager yet?
M:No, it’s awful. I have to start work so early—8:30 every morning.It’s hard to get out of bed.
W:That’s not early! It’s normal for most people.
M:Hey, when I was a student, I got up at lunchtime.
W: Welcometo the real world.
M:And not only that, I have to work till 5:30 every day.
W:Tony, most people do the same.
【解析】对话一开始有人问Tony在银行的新工作怎么样，后面的内容全部是关于工作的，故选C项。
◆独白
1．试题特点
（1）体裁和题材多样
独白类体裁包括新闻、评论、说明文、论述文等，题材涉及与生活相关的旅游、安全、娱乐、人文等方面。其中每篇独白长度为150词到400词不等，每篇独白后有五个问题。
（2）难度较高
该类题型既要求考生掌握材料的主旨大意，同时还要获取有效的事实细节，并根据材料进行简单的推理。独白类听力充斥着大量背景内容，同时也不像对话类听力中有直接或者间接表达思想的句子，取而代之的是大段的文字介绍，很容易造成考生的身心疲惫。
（3）题干和选项很少直接引用原文
题干和选项多为原文的同义转换，而非原文。
2．解题攻略
（1）快速浏览问题及选项，预测材料主要内容
应利用间隙时间快速阅读问题及选择项，根据关键信息推测出短文的主要内容，并明确听音目的，为找到答题所需的关键信息做准备。
（2）通过主题句了解听力材料大意
首先，听力材料虽然其内容涉及面广，但每一篇总有一个主题思想，是围绕一个话题来叙述或议论的。听独白时，要注意文章的开头，主题通常位于文章的开头。
其次，英语文章尤其是论述文和说明文，基本上是由主题段、描写或解说段、过渡段以及结论段所组成的。而一个段落则往往是由主题句、扩展句或解说句和结论句所组成的。
（3）识别关键词，根据关键信息去答题
在听录音时，尤其是听长材料时，一定要抓主要词汇和关键信息，思维不要因为某个单词或某句话听不懂而长时间停滞。在听力独白部分中，连接词往往是其重要脉络。在听的时候尤其要注意like(表举例)，also、too(表并列)。
（4）利用第二遍录音，检查复核
该部分放两遍录音，第一遍遇到听不懂的不必紧张，利用第二遍录音集中精力去听第一遍没有听清楚的试题。
3．题型分析
D类独白部分试题基本上都是细节题，提问方式以What，Why，When，Where，Who，How为主。
回答细节题时，考生首先要根据题干的关键词汇认真听取对话中的相关部分，然后再进行选择。
【例1】[2012年D类初赛]
Inreal life, the stars of Happy as Larry.
A. didn’t get on
B. fell in love
C. are best friends
【录音原文】
In Happyas Larry, Sonya Smith and Harrison Wyatt played two people who fall in lovebut can’t be together because of their families. The build-up to be the filmhas certainly been epic, with gossip about both co-stars in the papers. Rumorhas it that Smith and Wyatt are not the best of friends. In fact, in real life,they barely spoke to each other!
【解析】题干中Happy as Larry和in real life即为关键词。由短文中“in real life, theybarely spoke to each other”，可知在现实生活中这两个人不怎么交往，所以选A项。
【例2】[2012年D类决赛]
Thescheme is mainly funded by ______.
A. the community
B. the local council
C. the tourist board
【录音原文】
Ourfunding comes from three sources: the local council, community donations andthe tourist board. Whereas in the past the tourist board put in the majority offunding, public donations count for 65% of all total funds now.
【解析】第三段最后指出以前的资金主要来自tourist board，而现在公共捐款占65%，因此选A项。
需要注意的是，尽管独白部分细节题的正确答案往往来自原文，但是考生绝不能贸然地“听到什么选什么”，因为干扰选项的迷惑性很强，往往也包含原文中的词汇。
【例3】[2011年D类初赛]
What’sthe punishment for the thief’s behavior?
A. A long jail sentence.
B. Cleaning all the cars that he stole.
C. A fine of ￡4,000.
【录音原文】
... All the cars were stolen from showrooms in the Midlands area andwere worth a total of more than ￡400,000. He was arrested by police at his home in Sheffield.
The court wastold that Blain, a cleaner who doesn’t own a car, walked into car showrooms andasked to test drive a car. He then drove away from the showroom and didn’treturn. Every car was later found at the side of the road, absolutely spotlessinside and out. Blain washed and cleaned each one before leaving it.
Judge AlanGoldsack told Blain that he had to give him a long jail sentence. Blain wastaken away by police to begin his sentence at Pentonville Prison.
【解析】录音原文中提到“Judge Alan Goldsack told Blain that he had to give him a long jailsentence.”，也就是给他的惩罚措施。录音中提到车子的总价值为40万英镑，而不是罚钱4,000英镑，C项是针对录音中的数字设置的干扰项。录音中提到Blain在遗弃车之前把车擦洗干净了，因此洗车并不是对他的惩罚措施，因此B项不符合题意。
有时题干中没有关键词，这时则需要确定每个选项中的关键词，然后听取对话中的相关部分，这类试题由于涉及到多个关键词，需要对多处细节作出判断，难度相对较大。
【例4】[2014年D类初赛]
Whichof the following statements is WRONG?
A. With her careful preparations, the journey was easy and delightfulfor Sara.
B. Each of the three children wants Sara’s whole attention at the sametime.
C. The three children are irresistible when they are asleep.
D. WhenSara arrived, her parents were excited to tell her how disobedient she had beenas a kid.
【录音原文】
…But regardlessof my careful preparations, the journey was hellish: it was one of the worstexperiences of my life. The final straw was when I arrived, exhausted andtearless, at my parents’ house. Instead of being sympathetic, they took greatdelight in telling me how awful I had been as a child. Thanks, Mum and Dad.That was really helpful!
【解析】根据录音最后描述的“But regardless of mycareful preparations, the journey was hellish: it was one of the worstexperiences of my life”，可知Sara尽管细心准备，但那次出行仍然糟糕极了，因此A项描述的“旅途很轻松愉快”有误。
【例5】[2013年D类初赛]
According to Peter, which ofthe following statements is NOT TRUE?
A. Visitors to the museum can learn more about science.
B. Every exhibit is merely designed for the visitors to look at.
C. The exhibits show theprinciples of science in daily lives.
【录音原文】
PeterWatson
My name is PeterWatson, and I am the Public Programs Manager at the Science and TechnologyMuseum ofAtlanta. Our museum has over 100 exhibits which help to show theprinciples of science in our everyday lives.Each exhibit is designed for you todo more than just look at. You can actually experiment with the equipmenttolearn more about science…
【解析】Peter Watson提到“Each exhibit isdesigned for you to do more than just look at.”，人们还可以从中学到很多科学知识，B项表述不正确，故为答案。
【例6】[2012年D类初赛]
What can you learn from the monologue?
A. The speaker gives What Happens in theNight five stars.
B. If you want to watch a comedy, Happyas Larry is a good choice.
C. WhatHappens in the Nightis basically a black and white film.
【录音原文】
The films I’lltalk about are What Happens in the Night, a horror film and Happy asLarry, a romance comedy. Let’s start with What Happens in the Night.Set in a convent school, it tells the story of two boys who are haunted byghosts of monks. The film has the feel of a comic book as it is shot in blackand white with occasional shots of vivid color…
【解析】从短文第一段“the film has the feelof a comic book as it is shot in black and white…”可知这部电影的背景基本是黑白系列，故选C项。
◆复合式听写
1．试题特点
（1）综合性
复合式听写是一种综合性的测试手段，它全面测试了考生的语音、词汇量、语法以及记笔记等能力。
（2）难度高
复合式听写所考查的单词的拼写通常都有一定难度，很多单词较长，再加上某些单词词尾的变化，容易造成听懂却拼错的现象，因此考生在平时的英语学习中对单词的拼写要多下功夫。
2．解题攻略
（1）听前利用间隙浏览全文。
在录音播放前，尽快浏览文章已经给出的部分，通过主题句预测文章大意并推测单词的词性，如果是动词或名词就要格外注意他们的词尾变化。这样可以使考生在听录音时具有针对性和有效性。
例1：[2014年D类初赛]
ThenI did an hour’s exercise with my personal fitness trainer while my housekeeperprepared my breakfast. After a luxurious ______, I spent some time with mysecretary and told her to…
【预测】空格部分接在形容词luxurious的后面，且由定冠词a限定，由此可以推断空格部分应该填入一个单数名词。（录音为bath。）
例2：[2013年D类决赛]
(21) ______your system by keeping bad habits, (22) ______of illness, and ignoring commonhealth rules can (23)______the best medical care.
【预测】通过分析句子结构可知，句子的主语为（21）______yoursystem，因此第21题应该填入动名词或动词不定式。句子的谓语为can (23)______thebest medical care，第23题因为接在情态动词can的后面，因此应该填入动词原形。第22题与keeping bad habits、ignoring common health rules一起接在介词by后面表示方式状语，因此第22题应该填入动名词，从而构成这三种方式的并列。（21题录音为mistreating。22题录音为neglecting symptoms。第23题录音为counteract。）
例3：[2011年D类初赛]
People______ received a silver key on that day to symbolize opening the door to theadult world.
【预测】根据语法，空缺处如果去掉，并不影响句子的表达，由此判断此处可能为副词来修饰received，或是介词短语、非谓语动词等作People的后置定语。（录音为traditionally。）
例4：[2009年D类初赛]
Eachreader must be able to at least one character, to “become” that characterin his or her mind.
【预测】通过must be able to可判断空缺处一定为动词原形，又因为空缺处后面有宾语，由此判断可能为及物动词，也可能为不及物动词+介词。（录音为identifywith。）
（2）利用速记法。
边听边记，快速填写。在很短的时间里要写下听到的单词或词组，同时要保证拼写正确，而且还要跟上后面的听力内容，确实有很大的难度。因此考生要尽量运用速记法，以便能做到事半功倍。考生可以先写出某个单词的前几个字母，回头再逐一补全。
参考词汇：
knowl=Knowledge
acti=Activities
lit=Literature
his=History
poli=Politics
b=Book
j=Journal
desc=Description
st=Students
immed=Immediately
irr=Irrelevant
import=Important
coher=Coherently
Devel=Development
edu=Education
explan=Explanation
conversa=Conversation
prepar=Preparation
Q=Questions
（3）听完录音后，重新检查已填的词是否正确，力求答案完整。
要注意的是，复合式听写中考查的单词的名词和动词词尾通常会有变化，即不是单词原形。名词的变化主要是可数名词的复数形式，动词的变化主要是时态和语态的变化，尤以-ed形式为主。要听出这种词尾有变化的词通常比较困难，因此听写时一定要“瞻前顾后”，依靠阅读技能和语法知识进行推理判断，然后填入正确的单词。
例1：[2014年D类初赛]
As wewere leaving the restaurant, I______somebody I’d always wanted to meet. It wasthe perfect end to a perfect day.
【检查】录音为spotted，spot看到；认出。注意spot的过去式需双写t。
例2：[2014年D类决赛]
Britishteenagers have always ______ their bedrooms, leaving the younger children toplay in communal spaces such as the sitting room, garden or kitchen.
【检查】录音为retreated to，retreat to撤退到；回到安静的地方；躲到。注意retreated使用了过去式，且不要遗漏介词to。
例3：[2013年D类初赛]
These people are remarkable because all of them______and then workedhard toachieve them.
【检查】录音为set difficult goals，拼写的时候注意goals使用了复数形式，同时set的过去式仍为set。
例4：[2011年D类初赛]
The custom of giving gifts on 25 December only ______Victoriantimes.
【检查】录音为dates back to，拼写的时候注意第三人称单数形式。
◆平时备考：
为了提高听力效果，考生应在听力训练和复习中有意识地注意以下几个方面的训练：
1．通过“读”帮助“听”，努力扩大知识面
听力部分的内容取材广泛，几乎覆盖生活的各个方面。对现实生活各个领域的词汇都略知一二是听懂的基础，对于短新闻类题目尤其适用，新闻作为一种语言测试题型也是语言在现实生活中真实运用的体现。所以考生在平时的学习中要多读多听，不断积累各个方面的知识和词汇，尤其是时事政治词汇。
2．掌握正确的语音
掌握正确的语音是提高英语听力能力的重要基础。学习者有必要对音标、字母组合、发音规则等进行系统的复习，不断提高对语音的辨别能力和敏感程度。只有熟练地掌握了这些基础知识，才能逐步过渡到对句子、段落以至于整篇文章的理解。
3．扩大词汇量
扩大词汇量，熟记新闻报道中的常用词汇。虽然英语新闻广播所使用的词汇量很大，但其中的常用词比较稳定，且重复率较高。如VOA广播中的SpecialEnglish节目要求的常用词汇约为1500个，如果能熟练掌握这些词汇，听懂Special English就不是问题。
4. 加强储存记忆(memoryspan)
做到这一点需要按意群捕捉讲述内容，不要一字一字地听，而要抓住关键词或句。听完一段不可能一字一句地回忆，而要建立整体概念。
5.加强及时反映(immediaterecall)
只有当你建立了整体概念，才能达到立即回忆。
6. 做简短笔记(briefnote-taking)
在听较长材料时，用缩写或自己能看懂的点、线或其它标记做些快速记录，如：数字、地点、人名或其它关键词语等。
7．多做听写和记笔记训练(dictating & note-taking)
这种练习有助于储存记忆，训练抓住关键词或句，以及中心思想。
8. 精听与泛听(intensive& extensive listening)
同一段内容反复听若干次，这样有助于增加记忆的持续时间；听不同内容的材料，有助于增加听各种不同声音、口音及语速的经验。前者属于精听，后者为泛听，两者应有机结合起来。
9．训练听与寻找答案同时进行(looking for the right answer while listening)
在听的同时迅速浏览各项选择，只需细看各项选择的不同部分，而相同的部分只看第一个即可，这样可以节省时间以便多做思考。当然，如果能巧妙地利用每一部分考题的空隙快速浏览一下所要做的习题的选择项，那是再好不过了。因此，特别要提醒考生的一个诀窍就是：当听力理解的每一部分开始放音时，总要有一长段的题目指令(Instructions)与例题(Sample)，考生可以不必去听它，因为听与不听根本不会影响你后面的答题。利用这一段时间，大致推测一下录音内容大有益处。望考生千万不要错过这个时机。
10．必须防止两种情况的发生
一是精神过度紧张；二是注意力长时间的滞留。要学会控制自己的注意力，尽量不使其长时间的滞留或努力缩短其滞留时间，而迅速再度集中注意力听下面的内容。
总之，听力的提高固然与个人的语音水平有关，但更重要的还必须通过大量的听的实践来提高。客观地讲，提高英语听力水平没有捷径可走，多听是唯一的办法。所谓“技巧”都是在英语新闻听力训练的过程中根据自己实践总结的经验，任何“技巧”都代替不了“听”本身。所以，要想提高英语听力水平，一定要养成经常听英语的习惯。
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