一）（1995真题）All informed predictions of future performance are based upon some knowledge of relevant past performance: school grades research productive, sales records, or whatever is appropriate. 72. How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. Anyone who keeps careful score knows that the information available is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error.
1、划动词，定主谓，明确各分句。
2、捋关系，定词义，按意群翻译。
prediction：预测，推测 validate：证实，证明 how well：多大程度上
3、按逻辑调整语序（意群内部的语序），写中文表达。
amount：数量 reliability：可靠性 importance：重要性
appropriateness：合适性，适宜性 appropriate：拨款 v.
information used：翻译时要将定语前置
“名词 of 名词”结构的译法：后面的名词整个作为前面名词的定语。
city of Beijing：北京城，北京市
depend upon: 取决于
4、重组合，删多余，核对和检查。
二）(2002真题) It will not solve our problems, however, until it replaces traditional prescientific views, and these are strongly entrenched. Freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty. 64) They are the possessions of the autonomous (self￡governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements. A scientific analysis shifts both the responsibility and the achievement to the environment. It also raises questions concerning "values." Who will use a technology and to what ends?
三）（1999真题）Historians, especially those so blinded by their research interests that they have been accused of "tunnel method," frequently fall victim to the "technicist fallacy." Also common in the natural sciences, the technicist fallacy mistakenly identifies the discipline as a whole with certain parts of its technical implementation. 75) It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques.
指代：it指代technicist fallacy
fallacy：谬误、错误 traditional historians：传统的历史学家
view sth. as sth.：把……视为…… external：外部的 internal：内部的
criticism：(中性词)the action of giving you option about sb. or sth.评论、评价
四）（1996真题）Some, however, are less reasonable processes of different growth in which preconceptions of the form scientific theory ought to take, by persons in authority, act to alter the growth pattern of different areas. This is a new problem probably not yet unavoidable; but it is a
frightening trend. 72)This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
when：当时
The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s, when they discovered that oncogenes, which are cancer-causing genes, are inactive in normal cells.（见94年考研真题Passage4第3段第2句）作者: alexg 时间: 07-8-25 11:32
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