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词汇短语
fossil-man [5fCsl7mAn] n. 化石人；化石
例句The search forfossil-man then shifted to eastern Africa. 对化石人的探索转移到了非洲东部。
助记fossil(化石)+man(人)→化石人
recount [ri5kaUnt] v. 叙述
例句I let Henry recountthe incident in his own words. 我让亨利用自己的话叙述这件事。
saga [5sB:^E] n. 英雄故事
例句George recounted the saga of their family problem. 乔治详细叙述了他们家的麻烦事。
legend[5ledVEnd] n. 传说，传奇；传奇故事;传奇人物
例句①The film retells the famouslegend with a Marxist spin.
②Thelegend of Robin Hood. 罗宾汉的传奇故事。
派生legendary adj. 传说的，传奇般的
legion n. 一大群人
legislation n. 法律，法规
migrate [mai5^reit, 5mai^reit] vi. 迁移，移居；（候鸟等）迁徒，移栖
例句①When did Asiansbegin to migrate to the United States?亚洲人何时开始向美国移民的？
②Swallowsmigrate south in winter. 燕子在冬天迁徙到南方。
anthropologist[7AnWrE5pClEdVist] n. 人类学家
例句The lecturer is ananthropologist. 这个讲师是个人类学家。
派生anthropology n. 人类学
anthropologic adj. 人类学的
anthropological adj. 人类学的，人类学上的
archaeologist[7B:ki5ClEdVist] n. 考古学家
例句My uncleis a nonprofessional archaeologist. 我叔叔是个业余考古学家。
ancestor [5AnsistE] n. 祖先，祖宗；原型；先驱
例句①Man was evolvedfrom an ancestor that was probablyarboreal. 人大概是从住在树上的祖先进化而来的。
②The abacus is the ancestor of the modern computer. 算盘是现代电脑的原型。
派生ancestraladj. 祖先的，祖传的
antagonism v. 对抗
Polynesian [7pCli5ni:ziEn] adj. 波利尼西亚的
Indonesia [7indEu5ni:zjE] n. 印度尼西亚
flint [flint] n. 燧石
例句He has a heart like flint. 他心如铁石。
rot [rCt] v. 烂掉；(使) 腐烂，(使) 腐朽
n. 腐烂，腐朽
例句Rot in the tree trunk caused the tree to fall. 树干的腐烂导致树倒了。
词组rot away sth.腐蚀掉某物
rot (sth.) down使某物腐烂
the rot sets in情况开始出毛病；事情开始走下坡
派生rotten adj. 腐烂/朽的，腐坏的
课文精解
1. Wecan read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where peoplefirst learned to write：
本句主干是Wecan read of things，其中that引导的定语从句修饰先行词things，where引导定语从句修饰地点名词the Near East。readof读到，阅悉。例：I was very glad to read of yourcoming to China in the morning’s paper. 我从晨报上看到你来华的消息，非常高兴。the Near East近东。
2. The onlyway that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas—legendshanded down from one generation of storytellers to another：
本句主干是主系表结构，主语是the only way，系动词是is，表语是不定式。定语从句that they can preserve their history修饰theonly way。破折号之后的内容是对sagas的解释说明。过去分词短语handed down from one generation ofstorytellers to another作后置定语，修饰legends。hand down把…传下去。例：Hand down clothes from one child to the next. 将孩子穿旧的衣服传给弟弟或妹妹穿。
3. Theselegends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations ofpeople who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did：
句子主干是Theselegends are useful。because引导原因状语从句，该从句中，介词短语about migrations of people wholived long ago...和who引导的定语从句分别修饰something和people。but连接的句子中，what引导名词性从句作write down的宾语。write down写下，记下。例：Write down every word the teacher dictates.将老师口授的每个词都记下来。
4. Anthropologistswondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in thePacific Islands came from：
本句中，where引导的从句作wonder的宾语。该从句的主语是the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples，谓语是came from，现在分词短语now living in the Pacific Islands作后置定语修饰the Polynesian peoples。
5. Butthe first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even theirsagas, if they had any, are forgotten：
本句主语是thefirst people，谓语是lived，so...that...结构引导结果状语从句。who引导的定语从句修饰the first people。if引导条件状语从句，该从句省略了sagas，完整结构应为if they had any sagas。the first people原始人，人类祖先。
6. Soarchaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out wherethe first ‘modern men’ came from：本句主语是archaeologists，谓语是have，neither...nor...连接history和legends作have的宾语，不定式to help them作目的状语，where引导的从句作find out的宾语。findout找出，查明；发现。例：Please find out when the trainleaves. 请打听一下，火车什么时候开。
7. Fortunately,however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this iseasier to shape than other kinds：make of“用…制造”，与make from（用…制造）的区别是：make of的原材料是看得出来的；make from的原材料是看不出来的。
8. Stonedoes not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bonesof the men who made them have disappeared without trace：
when引导时间状语从句，该状语从句中，定语从句who made them修饰themen。remain留下；保持。without trace不着痕迹地；了无踪迹地。例：The ship had vanished without trace. 那船消失得无影无踪。
