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目录 封面
内容简介
目录
第一章 听 力
第一节 命题分析
第二节 技巧指南
第三节 专项练习[听力音频]
第二章 词汇、语法与文化
第一节 命题分析
第二节 技巧指南
第三节 专项练习
第三章 完形填空
第一节 命题分析
第二节 技巧指南
第三节 专项练习
第四章 阅读理解
第一节 命题分析
第二节 技巧指南
第三节 专项练习
第五章 翻 译
第一节 命题分析
第二节 技巧指南
第三节 专项练习
第六章 改 错
第一节 命题分析
第二节 技巧指南
第三节 专项练习
第七章 智力测试
第一节 命题分析
第二节 技巧指南
第三节 专项练习
第八章 写 作
第一节 命题分析
第二节 技巧指南
第三节 专项练习
内容简介
全国大学生英语竞赛(National English Contest for College Students，简称NECCS)是经教育部有关部门批准举办的全国惟一的大学英语综合能力竞赛活动。本竞赛旨在配合教育部高等教育教学水平评估工作，贯彻落实教育部关于大学英语教学改革精神，促进大学生英语水平的全面提高，激发广大大学生学习英语的兴趣，鼓励英语学习成绩优秀的大学生。
本书是专门为提高考生参加全国大学生英语竞赛C类（本科生）考试水平而编著的复习资料。本书按照最新一年真题及样题的试题结构设置章节，全面讲解听力、词汇语法与文化、完形填空等八大考试题型的命题规律及解题技巧，同时穿插大量真题示例以及精选各题型专项练习，帮助学员加深对解题思路的理解和掌握，并在实战中灵活运用。专项练习是在参考众多相关考试用书、国内外权威杂志以及优秀论文等大量素材的基础上精心设计而成，具有很强的针对性和实用性。
内容预览
第一章 听 力
第一节 命题分析
1．考核要求
全国大学生英语竞赛主要考查考生获取口头信息的能力（理解主旨大意、听懂重要事实和细节、推断隐含的意义、判断言语的交际功能、分辨说话人的观点态度等），要求学生在听完听力材料以后了解内容大意，抓住有关细节，并能进行综合归纳、推理，领会说话人的观点、态度、意图等。
2．试题结构
听力理解部分共30题，共计30分。C类竞赛主要从四个方面来考查考生的听力理解能力：短对话、长对话、新闻、复合式听写。
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3．试题特点
1．题型的出题方式较为稳定，基本可归纳为四个方面：短对话、长对话、短新闻、复合式听写。
2．英语竞赛听力发音为标准的英音或美音，基本不会涉及方言；语速每分钟150词左右（六级水平左右）。
3．听力内容取材广泛，但不会涉及专业话题，基本为日常生活相关的内容，同时不乏一些社会热点，如金球奖、禽流感、奥巴马选举等。
4．对话及新闻部分的录音只放一遍，复合式听写放两遍，听力部分相对其他题型来说，是考生失分较多的地方。
第二节 技巧指南
为了帮助考生进一步明确所要考查的目标，对听力内容充分分析、概括、总结，并做出正确的推理、判断，最后得出答案，下面分别讲解四种类型考题的特点及解题技巧。
◆短对话
1．试题特点
（1）注重考察逻辑思维
在全国大学生英语竞赛听力对话部分中，能够从对话原文中直接找到答案的题目比重较小，而那些要求参赛学生对对话内容作深刻的逻辑思维，从而判断出对话人的意图、态度或意见要求的题所占比重较大。
（2）对话内容涉及面广
无论是长对话还是短对话，话题基本以衣、食、住、行等日常生活为主。
（3）对话的方式多为一问一答
在短对话听力测试中，对话的方式多为问答式，首先由第一个人提出一个问题，再由第二个人予以回答。或者由第一个人陈述一个观点，第二个人表示附和或反对。问答的回合数一般不会超过三个。
2．解题攻略
短对话作为听力理解部分中较为简单的一类题型，有其特定的解题技巧。
（1）提前快速浏览题目及选项，把握听音重点
考生应充分利用试卷发下到Directions播完的这段时间，迅速浏览试卷上这部分所给的选项，这样在听的时候能有的放矢地捕捉关键信息，弄清对话环境和意图，最后排除各干扰项，做出正确选择。
例1：[2012年C类初赛]
According to the man, who is going to take over theposition they are talking about?
A. Janice.
B. Someone else.
C. Meryl.
【听音重点】根据题目中“take over the position”及选项中的人物，可以猜出对话是关于职位调换，听录音时应重点注意文中出现的人名。
【录音原文】
M: Janice won’t be coming back after she’s had her baby,so do we keep Meryl, or do we need to find someone else?
W: As far as I’mconcerned, Meryl can stay. I think she’s done agreat job over the last month.
M: I’m sorry,but I really can’t agree with you. She hasn’t got the right manner. Take forexample that incident with the customer a couple of days ago. The customerwasn’t very friendly, but that’s no excuse for being rude.
例2：[2012年A类初赛]
Why is the woman in a good mood?
A. The copier worked and she got the copies.
B. She kicked the copierand now feels better.
C. She had the copier fixed in time.
【听音重点】由题干中的woman以及选项中的copier，可知女士心情好是和copier有关，因此在听音时要注意女士是如何表述和copier相关的内容的。
【录音原文】
W: This stupid thing keeps getting jammed. I can’t get itto make any copies.
M: So it makes sense you’re in such a good humor.
W: I gave it a good kick and feel better.
（2）注意捕捉说话人的弦外之音
对话部分有很多问题都不是针对讲话人的字面意思发问的，考生必须体会到讲话人的言外之意，才能推断出正确选项。
例1：[2005年C类初赛]
A. Pleasant.
B. Unhappy.
C. Indifferent.
D. Hesitating.
【录音原文】
M: Honey, I asked my boss to come to the dinner party, OK?
W: Why didn’t you ask me first?
Q: What’s the woman’s attitude?
【解析】对话中女士并未直接给出自己的意见，但是由女士的回答“Why didn’t you ask me first?”，即“为什么你没有先问我”，可知女士是不高兴男士这样的决定。
例2：[2012年B类初赛]
What does the man mean?
A. The woman need not consider her advisor in her decision.
B. The woman should not take Dr. Sullivan’s course.
C. The woman need not worry about her physics course.
【录音原文】
W: I’d like to take Dr. Sullivan’s section of Physics 100, but my advisor is teaching it too, and I don’t want her to be offended.
M: Who cares?
W: Well, I don’t want to get on her bad side.
M: I wouldn’t worry about it.
Q: What does the man mean?
【解析】女士想选Dr. Sullivan的课，而她的导师也开此课，她便向男士征求意见，该对话中男士并未直接表达他的意见，但是由男士说的Who cares?可知，男士是告诉女士在她的决定里不用考虑导师。
（3）熟练掌握有关日常生活等方面的词语、习语、句型等
熟悉日常生活中常用的词汇、短语、习语、句型，能使考生听到相关对话时迅速做出反应，提高答题效率和正确率。
例1：[2012年A类决赛]
How often does the man play cricket?
A. Seldom.
B. Frequently.
C. Never
【录音原文】
M: I got a backache from playing cricket.
W: I didn’t know you played cricket.
M: Well, once in a blue moon.
【解析】在回答这个问题时，男士说到once in a blue moon（极为罕见，千载难逢），可知他很少玩板球。如果知道这个习语，就不难选出正确答案。
例2：[2008年B类初赛]
A. Every day.
B. Twice a week.
C. Twice a month.
【录音原文】
A: I really love this bar. They always have great drink specials.
B: Do you know when they have "Happy Hour"?
A: Every Friday and Saturday from 6 p. m. to 8 p. m.
Q: How often does the bar have "Happy Hour"?
【解析】由A的话可知，该酒吧每周的周五和周六两天是Happy Hour。Happy Hour减价供应饮料等的时间（酒吧间术语）。
3．题型分析
听力短对话试题类型多样，这里主要介绍常涉及到的七种题型及针对各题型的答题技巧。
（一）地点与方向（Locations and Directions）
地点与方向类试题在对话中经常出现。这类题目根据对话内容，就有关地点提问，要求考生从ABC三个选项中选出正确答案。这些地点包括对话进行的地点、对话涉及的事件的地点、涉及的人物的地点或人物来自哪里及要去的地点。
考题类型：
1 直接型。地点在对话中会直接出现，但提到的地点通常不止一个，考生需要对其进行辨认、选择。
例1：[2012年D类决赛]
Where’s Joegoing to travel this time?
A. Italy.
B. Denmark.
C. Germany.
【录音原文】
F: It’s so nicethat you can always travel around. Where are you going this time, Joe?
M: At first, Ithought about going to Italy or Denmark. Considering the cost, I decided on Germany.
F: Show me yourphotos when you come back.
【解析】Joe本打算去意大利或丹麦，可是考虑到路费太贵，于是改为去德国，选C项。
例2：[2010年B类决赛]
Which airport will the speakers depart from?
A. Heathrow
B. Milan
C. Liverpool
【录音原文】
W: Berry,we really must book out flight soon.
M: Yes,I know. We can do it on the Internet. Let’s see. There is a flight from Liverpool to Bangkok every day. But we have to change at Milan.
W: So thereisn’t a direct flight?
M: We can get a directflight from Heathrow. But it’s more expensive.
W: Let’s get a flightfrom Liverpool then.
【解析】在对话最后女士说Let’s get a flightfrom Liverpool then，可推测他们最后会从Liverpool出发。
2 间接型。没有直接提到地点或方向，要求考生根据对话的主题和内容进行推理判断。
例1：[2009年A类初赛]
Where is the woman?
A. In a film processing shop.
B. In a photocopy shop.
C. In a bookshop.
【录音原文】
W: Good morning,I’d like two of this, please.
M: Is that incolor or black-and-white?
W: In color,please, just as it is.
M: Of course.You do realize color is more expensive, don’t you?
W: That’s fine,I’m not bothered about the cost.
M: It’s a nicedrawing. Did you do it?
W: No, no. Actually,I got it from an art book.
【解析】对话中女士让男士保留it的原色彩，并说it是从美术书中得来的，可推断it为图片，而女士想将其彩色复印。由此可推断女士应是在复印店里。
例2：[2009年C类初赛]
Where does this conversation probably take place?
A. In an engine room.
B. In a car.
C. In a factory.
【录音原文】
W: Is that soundcoming from the engine?
M: I’m not sure.It could be the air conditioner.
W: Let’s pull over and take a look.
【解析】对话中提到的“pull over”一词是“把车停到一边”的意思，因此可推测对话发生在车里。
答题技巧：
对于直接型考题，考生应先看题目，确定题目所问的对象是男士还是女士，然后再针对对话中的地点进行辨认、选择。
对于间接型考题，考生则应特别注意对话的主题，如在学校，话题常围绕学习。这类考题所涉及的场所通常有：学校、邮局、图书馆、商店、医院、餐馆、机场、车站、银行等。考生要注意与这些特定场所有关的词语。
常考场景相关词汇总结如下：
1）学校用语：register/enroll注册campus校园make-up examination补考credit学分quiz小测验 mid-termexamination期中考试 final examination期末考试 clinic校医院 freshman大一学生 sophomore大二学生 junior大三学生 senior大四学生 postgraduate研究生 scholarship奖学金 tuition学费diploma毕业证书 major专业society学生社团 student union学生会 academic year学年bachelor’s degree学士学位 master’s degree硕士学位 doctor’s degree博士学位 dormitory宿舍seminar研讨会 graduate ceremony毕业典礼 thesis论文required/obligatory course必修课 optional/electivecourse选修课
2）机场、车站用语：airliner班机 flight航班domestic flight国内航班 international flight国际航班 direct flight直达航班 first class头等舱 economy class经济舱 board登机 gate登机口 waiting lounge 候机大厅stewardess/air hostess空姐steward空中先生 seat belt安全带 behindthe schedule晚点/误点 land着陆departure起飞take off起飞 left-luggage office行李寄存处 check-in procedure登机手续 passport护照visa签证 express trains快车 waiting room候车室 conductor列车长 car attendant列车员
3）银行用语：current account现金账户 cash现金check支票 deposit存款 exchange rate汇率foreign currency外汇 interest rate利率traveler’s check旅游支票 withdraw取钱 overdraw透支loan贷款 teller 出纳 credit card信用卡 installment分期付款 passbook存折 savingsaccount储蓄账户 open an account开户
4）图书馆用语：overdue超期 renew续借pay a fine交罚金 issue（期刊、报纸）期 catalogue目录current issue现刊 back issue过刊 index索引periodical期刊 fiction/novel小说due（书、作业等）到期应交还的loan desk借书处 library card借书卡 bookshelf书架 reference room参考资料室 reference book参考书
5）餐馆用语：dessert甜点 go Dutch AA制menu菜单 rare三分熟的 medium五成熟的 well-done全熟的 tip小费 soft drink不含酒精的饮料 appetizer开胃菜 tender嫩的 buffet自助餐 snack快餐refreshment茶点 cold dish冷盘 soup汤Chinese food中餐 Western style food西餐order点菜 treat sb. to sth.请某人吃某物 pay abill付账 be full/stuffed吃饱
6）邮局用语：airmail航空快件 ordinary/regularmail平信 express mail快递 registeredmail挂号信 special delivery限时专递 overweightcharge超重费 package包裹 parcelform包裹单 postage邮资 zip code 邮政编码 remittance汇款 stampscounter/window卖邮票处 ordinary telegram普通电报 urgent telegram加急电报return address 回函地址 sender’s address寄件人地址
7）商店用语：on sale甩卖 in stock有货 out of stock无货 daily necessities日用品 check-out/cash desk付款台 cashier出纳员20% discount off 打八折 sold out卖完 bargain讨价还价 oneprice不还价 fashion时尚 promotion促销men’s/women’s department男/女装部 packing/wrapping包装fixed prices定价 do some shopping购物cash or charge？付现金还是记账？
8）医院用语：dentist牙医 surgeon外科医生 physician内科医生 cough咳嗽 flu流感 fever发烧 headache头痛sneeze打喷嚏 a sore throat 嗓子疼 check-up 体检 blood pressure血压prescription处方emergency room急诊 operationroom手术室 take one’s temperature量体温 give aninjection注射 ward病房treat治疗cure/heal治愈 dose剂量 tablet药片capsule胶囊 traditional Chinese medicine中医visiting hours探视时间 first-aid kit 急救箱 indigestion消化不良
9）宾馆用语：room service客房服务reservation预定 reception desk登记处 service counter服务台 suite套间 inn客栈full up注满了 vacancy空房 durationof stay停留时间 single/double room单/双人间 check in/out 登记入住/付账后离开
10）理发店用语：beard胡须 mustache髭haircut理发 hairdresser美发师 hairstyle发型curly卷发的bob剪短 shave刮胡子 cut剪发 blow the hair吹风
11）海关用语：declare申报 duty free免税的 visa签证 allowance限额 go throughthe customs通关
12）办公室用语：fax传真 file文件 vacancy空缺appointment预约 employer老板 employee雇员 resume简历 job applicant求职者 candidate求职者 fire/dismiss解雇scanner扫描仪 printer打印机 copier复印机 schedule时间表
13）法庭用语：jury陪审团 accuse控诉innocent清白的 guilty有罪的 crime犯罪witness证人 My Lord/Your Honor 法官大人
（二）时间与数字（Time and Numerals）
时间与数字类的题目包括直接型和隐含型。
考题类型：
（1）直接型。该类考题不需要计算，答案直接出现在对话的多个数字中，要求考生根据题目从三个数字中直接辨认出答案。主要考查考生对数字的辨认及记忆能力。
例1：[2010年C类决赛]
How much did the job advertisement cost?
A.＄10
B. ＄15
C. ＄20
【录音原文】
W: I’ve put the job advertisement in the newspaper, MrTrim. And it was a bit more than $10 they quoted us.
M: As long as it was not $10 a day.
W: No, a week actually. I paid $15 in the end. I put it in for 2 weeks which should have madeit $ 20, but they gave us a $ 5 discount.
例2：[2009年D类初赛]
What time was the man’s appointment?
A. 10:30.
B. 11:00.
C. 11:40.
【录音原文】
M: Hello, I havean appointment to see the dentist at 11:00.
W: Oh, dear. You are very late, that was over half an hourago.
M: What’s time is it now?
W: It’s 11:40.
（2）隐含型。选项中的时间或数字不会直接出现在对话里，有时需进行简单的计算。
例：[2011年B类初赛]
How much does it cost for a couple with two children to getinto the castle?
A. ￡15
B. ￡10.50.
C. ￡12.
【录音原文】
M: Can you tell me how much it costs to get into SudeleyCastle?
W: Yes, it costs ￡4.50 for adults and ￡3 for children.
【解析】女士说成人票价是4.5英镑，儿童是3英镑。一对夫妇和两个孩子总计15英镑，故选A。
答题技巧：
对于直接型考题，考生需要根据题目和对话内容在三个数字中进行选择，因此考生可以利用短暂的间隙浏览题目，查看题目所提问的对象，之后在听对话内容时将该对象所对应的数字记录下来。
对于隐含型考题，该类考题的答案有时需要进行简单的计算，如将数字进行加减等。这要求考生在听对话时需将对话中出现的所有数字和其对应的对象记下来，以便根据题目中要求回答的对象进行计算。
1．对于时间题，要注意以下几点：
◆时间、日期和年代的读法
“-teen”和“-ty”是众多考生容易混淆的，应该注意区分。只要区别为：第一、重音不同。前者重音在词末，而后者重音在词首；第二、是否有鼻音。结尾发音有鼻音/n/的单词为“-teen”。如：fourteen和forty, thirteen和thirty，…等
◆时间
5:12five twelve/twelve past five
7:15seven fifteen/a quarter past seven (after seven)
8:45eight forty-five/ a quarter to nine
11:50eleven fifty/ ten to twelve
2:00pm/14:00 two pm/ fourteen hundred hours
12:00twelve/ noon/ midday
24:00midnight
◆日期与年代
3月15日 March 15th/ the 15th of March
每隔一天（每两天） everyother day/ every two days
几天前the other day /afew days ago
两星期 fortnight/ periodof two weeks
20世纪 the twentieth century
19世纪40年代 in the eighteen forties
公元前450年（450BC）four hundred and fifty BC/four fifty BC
2．对于数字题，要注意以下表达方式（同一意义的不同表达）：
◆多位数的表达
10 ten/ adecade
12 twelve/ adozen
1960nineteen sixty
1900nineteen hundred
◆分数与小数
分数：分子用基数表示，分母用序数表示
1/2 (0.5)one half (zero point five)
1/4 (0.25)one fourth/ a quarter (zero point twenty five)
◆号码、货币
电话号码按位数逐个读出来87316789
房间号码、邮政编码、街道等：180 one-eighty/ one-eight-zero
注意数量单位与单位基数的不同。如：apenny=one cent, a nickel =five cents, a quarter= twenty-five cents, a halfdollar= fifty cents.
3．注意数字换算
掌握听力课堂中所列的与数字相关的表达方式。由于每个对话间隔的时间短，既要回忆对话内容，又要阅读选择项，还要进行计算，一次熟练掌握换算进率是十分必要的。
星期、日期、时、分的换算进率分别为7、30/31、24、60等。
A quarter 指时间是15分钟，指月份是一季度（三个月），指百分比为25%。
（三）身份与关系（Identity andRelationships）
对话中身份与关系类题是指根据对话内容就与对话有关人物的职业、身份或人物之间的关系提问，要求参赛学生从三个选项中选出一个正确答案的题型。
该类考题包括考查职业身份和考查二者关系两种，其提问角度主要有以下四种：
1) 就对话人某一方的职业身份提问。
What is the woman’s job?
2) 就对话人之间的关系提问。
What’s the relationship between the man and the woman?
3) 就对话中涉及的第三者的职业、身份提问。
What do you think is Mary’s profession?
4) 就对话中涉及的第三者与第四者之间的关系提问。
What is the relationship between Tom and Jerry?
考题类型：
（1）考查职业身份
这类题涉及的职业主要有教师、学生、图书管理员、医生/牙医、营业员、服务员、修理工、家庭主妇等。
例1：[2011年D类初赛]
Who is the mantalking to?
A. A baker’sdelivery service.
B. An officesupply store salesperson.
C. A bookdesigner.
【录音原文】
M: What is yourminimum order for delivery purposes?
W: One hundreddollars. And deliveries are made on Monday, Wednesday and Friday.
M: Then couldyou add two rolls of fax paper and some notebooks?
【解析】男士最后问能不能再加two rolls of fax paper and some notebooks，由此可知他在买办公用品，故选B。
例2：[2009年C类初赛]
What do the two speakers probably do for a living?
A. Office clerks.
B. Printers.
C. Architects.
【录音原文】
M: Luria, couldwe go over these blueprints for the supermarket after lunch?
W: Yes, I justhave to fax this verification to a builder.
M: I hope itwon’t take long. We need to make some minor changes.
（2）考查二者之间关系
这类题涉及的而这关系主要有：教师与学生、医生与病人、丈夫与妻子、借书者与馆员、旅客与服务员、老板与雇员、修理工与顾客等。
例3：[2005年D类初赛]
A. Customer and salesman.
B. Teacher and student.
C. Doctor and patient.
D. Boss and employee.
【录音原文】
M: Come on in! Hi, Jane!
W: Thank you, Mr. Thompson.
M: All right. So, what did you want to see me about?
W: Well, I askedfor this meeting to talk to you about my pay.
M: What about it? Do you feel you’re not being rewardedfairly?
W: I’m afraid I do.
M: I’m sorry that you feel that way. I admit that you workvery hard, so I’ll find a way to make it up for you. Okay?
W: Thank you.
Q: What’s the probable relationship between the twospeakers?
答题技巧：
1．如选项为关于职业、身份及关系方面的词汇，可断定该题属于身份与关系类对话。
2．对话中一般不会直接提及人物的身份与关系，需要通过对话中的预期及关键词来进行判断。因此，考生应该掌握与特定语言环境及表示人物身份职业的词汇，并在做题时注意捕捉与人物职业身份相关的关键词。
3．应该注意对话人的语气。不同关系的人物对话，其语气特征会比较明显。如夫妻、恋人之间常用比较亲昵的语气；同学、朋友之间常用比较随意的语气；而下属于老板则常用比较恭敬的语气。注意体会说话者的口气、语调及所用的称呼，将有助于判断对话者之间的关系。如：
Dr. 是学生对老师或病人对医生的称呼
Mr.,Mrs. 反映下级对上级或学生对老师的称呼
Prof. 用于对教授的称呼
Darling用于夫妻之间
参考词汇：
职业身份：
Postman（邮递员）：
deliver, letter, parcel, mail, post, airmail,registered letter, postcard, mailbox, postage, etc.
Repairman（修理工）：
fix, plug, gear, garage, vacuum,air-conditioner, heater, refrigerator, washing machine, drain, microwave,switch, plumber
something is wrong with…
Police（警察）：
speeding, traffic light, driver’s license, fine,give a ticket to
Taxi-driver（出租车司机）：
fare, meter, get off, change, tip, destination,etc.
Where shall I take you?
Where to?
Custom officer（报关员）：
passport, restricted articles, free of duty,
Do you have anything to declare?
Anything dutiable?
Librarian（图书管理员）：
borrow, library card, periodical, journal, catalogue,book shelf, due, overdue, renew
Bank Clerk（银行职员）：
balance, cash, check, an open account, interest,overdraft, withdraw, deposit
两者关系：
Doctors and Patients（医生和病人）：
examination, prescribe, injection, operation,fever, cough, headache, diagnose, medicine, flu, surgery, be operated on,indigestion, etc.
What’s the matter with you?
What’s wrong (with you)?
I suffered…
Teachers and Students（教师和学生）：
textbook, course, grade, mark, exam, term paper,test, assignment, homework, lesson, class score, scholarship, pass, fail,semester, credit, oral exam, written exam, make up an exam, school record,tuition, drop out
Waiter or Waitress（顾客和服务生）：
Shop-assistant , Attendant menu, order, tip, onsale, for sale, marked price, discount, selling season, shopping record, treat,go Dutch, steak, ham, out of style, in fashion, all the rage, in good taste
What can I do for you?
May I help you?
May I take your order now?
Would you like something else?
Will this be cash or charge/check/cheque?
Airport Staff andCustomer（机场人员和乘客）：
cabin door, gate, business class, economy class,first class, restricted articles, single ticket, return ticket, difference intime, airsick, seat belt fasten, take off, board, land
语气词 : Hi! Please! How do you do? How are you? Hello!
Boss and secretary（老板和秘书）：
typing, operating, copy, files, document,report, telephone, appointment, timetable, arrangement, etc.
（四）态度与建议（Attitude andSuggestion）
考生需根据对话内容的关键词、上下文甚至语气、语调的内涵意义并利用逻辑思维能力进行判断，找出对话中人物对某事件或某人的观点态度。
常见的提问方式：
How does the man/woman feel about?
What does the man/woman think of... ?
What does the man/woman mean?
What does the man/woman say about... ?
例1：[2007年A类初赛]
A. Excited.
B. Annoyed.
C. Worried.
【录音原文】
A: Look, it’salready 8 o’clock, and Tom saidhe’d be here by 7.
B: Yes, but youknow what the traffic is like at this time of the day.
A: He said he’dmake a special effort not to be late. Why does he alwaysdo this?
B: Take it easy.There’s probably a reasonable explanation.
A: You meanhe’ll give us one of his typical excuses? Well, I’vehad enough of it already.
Q: How does thewoman feel about Tom’s being late?
【解析】根据录音中的关键词“always”及“had enough of”，可推测出女士对于Tom迟到这件事很生气。
例2：[2010年B类初赛]
What does thewoman think of Matt?
A. He is nottrustworthy
B. He is quitehonest
C. He is helpful
【录音原文】
M: Where isMatt? He promised to meet me here this afternoon.
W: You shouldn’t believe what Matt says. He often tellslies and breaks promises.
M: I do notagree. I know he sometimes forgets things, but he isn’t dishonest. And if I hada problem, I’d ask Matt for advice.
W: Well, I wouldn’t. When Joan told him about her boyfriend,everyone in the school soon learned about it. He can’tkeep a secret.
【解析】女士的话如You shouldn’t believe what Matt says, Well, I wouldn’t以及He can’t keep a secret都充满了她对Matt的消极评论和不信任。
例3：[2012年D类初赛]
What does Steven think of the lecture?
A. He is doubtful about some of its evidence.
B. He has the same opinion as Angela on the lecture.
C. He thinks it is quite logical and credible.
【录音原文】
F: I thought the lecture on UK regional accents had somecredible points about the ways in which English is changing. What do you thinkof it, Steven?
M: To be honest, Angela, I’ m quite skeptical of some of the evidence. It seems to me that their predictions wereinsufficiently detailed.
F: Really? I thought the research method appeared to belogical.
答题技巧：
1) 答案通常与后者的话有关，选项中有关第一说话人的话通常不是正确答案。
第一人态度为肯定时，第二人的回答有：
支持：yes, sure, ofcourse, that’s a good idea, out of question...
反对：no, not really, notlikely, not at all, no way, out of the question...
第一人态度为否定，第二人的回答有：
支持：no, of course not,you don’t
反对：yes, of course, youdo
2) 看清问题，找准听音重点。
观点态度类试题主要是判断对话中说话人对所谈及的事或人所持的观点及态度。考生做这类试题时要注意理解对话中的大意，并且还要注意问题中考查的是男士还是女士的观点，以免错判。
3)这里要注意几种关于态度的表达方式：
a. 双重否定表肯定
not impossible, can’t agree... any more, not unsuual等
b. 部分否定的词
all every, always not等
c. 虚拟语气表假设，非真实情况
4) 熟练掌握表示建议的常用句式：
Why not…?
Why don’t you/we…?
How about…?
You’d better…
You may/might as well…
If I were you, I would…
I’d rather you…
（五）行为与计划（Action and Plan）
行为与计划类题目的选项常以to + V(或不带to的不定式)短语形式、V-ing短语形式或V-ed短语形式出现。对话中常会出现一个或几个动作，要求考生根据对话的内容，迅速记忆提及的动作及相关信息、动作发生的前后顺序以及动作与动作发出者的对应关系等。
该类试题要求考生对对话的主题及题目中说话人的行为进行判断，主要的提问方式有：
What does the man want to do?
What is the man planning to do?
What is the man going to do?
What are the two speakers talking about?
…
◆考查过去的行为
例：[2012年A类初赛]
What did thewoman do last night?
A. WatchedTV.
B. Went tothe circus.
C. Practicedjuggling.
【录音原文】
M: Did you havefun last night?
W: To be frank,I’ve seen better things on television. I didn’t like seeing large animalsperforming tricks, and the jugglers weren’t as skillful as I thought they’d be.
M: Sounds like awaste of money, then.
【解析】女士说不喜欢看large animals杂耍和jugglers变戏法，反而还不如电视节目精彩，而男士也认为她的做法浪费了时间。所以她昨晚去了马戏团看表演。
◆考查将来的行为
例：[2009年B类初赛]
Two people aretalking. What do they decide to do this evening?
A. Go to thecinema.
B. Rent a videoplayer.
C. Go to afriend’s house.
【录音原文】
W: What are youdoing this evening?
M: Well, I’vegot a lot of work to do. I ought to stay at home and study, really.
W: Oh, come on.It’s Saturday.
M: Well, howabout going to the cinema, then?
W: There isnothing on that I want to see.
M: Oh, allright. Well, we could rent a video and watch that.
W: Neither of ushas a video player.
M: No. ButTony’s got a new DVD player. How about renting a movie to watch with him at hisplace?
W: Oh, that’s agreat idea.
【解析】对话中两人最后决定去租个电影到Tony家用他的DVDplayer一起观看。
◆考查现在的行为
例：[2010年C类初赛]
What is the woman probably doing now?
A. She is writing an essay.
B. She isstudying for a test.
C. She is shopping for shoes.
【录音原文】
M: There is anarticle in this magazine that might interest you. It’s about buying runningshoes.
W: If it’s notchemistry and it’s not on the final exam. I can’t read it now.
M: Calm down.
【解析】当男士向女士推荐杂志上的一篇文章时，女士说如果不是关于化学和考试，那她就不看了，可知她可能是在准备考试。
答题技巧：
听对话时要对与动作有关的内容特别注意，抓住表示时间顺序的词语，如since, before, after, then等，还要特别注意对话中所使用的时态和重复出现的词，这些往往是答题的关键。
（六）因果（Cause and Effect）
此类题型较难，因为原因的阐述通常会出现在第一句，容易被忽视，且该类题信号词较少，需听完完整对话后才能明白其内容重点。
常见的提问方式：
why can’t sb. dosth.?
Why is sb. ...?
Why does sb....?
例1：[2012年C类决赛]
Why does the woman support immigration?
A. She thinks it is right to share resources.
B. She thinks immigration brings job opportunities.
C. She thinks they’ve got enough immigrants.
【录音原文】
M: What are your views about immigration? Do you think weallow more people to come into this country than we should?
W: Not at all! In fact, I think we should allow even moreimmigrants to come than we do at the moment. I think it’s right that we shouldshare what we have with other people. We live in a multi-cultural society andwe should help people who are in danger in their own countries.
M: So you don’t worry that immigrants are taking our jobs?
【解析】女士认为应该和别人共享资源，而且应该救济那些在本国处于危险之中的人们，故选A项。
例2：[2012年D类初赛]
Why isn’t Cathy going to the meeting tomorrow?
A. She doesn’t know when it will be.
B. She doesn’t have to go.
C. She has to go to a party.
【录音原文】
F: I didn’t go to the meeting yesterday. Is the next onetomorrow?
M: Yes. It’s at three p.m. Are you going to attend it,Cathy?
F: No, it s not a required meeting. And I’ve got a lot ofwork to do. But, could you let me know if they mention the party?
【解析】Cathy没被要求参加会议，她询问会议并不是要参加而是想知道会上有没有提party的事，因此她不用去，选B项。
例3：[2009年A类初赛]
Why is the man late?
A. The trains were delayed.
B. He couldn’t find a bus stop.
C. Something went wrong with his friend’s motorbike.
【录音原文】
M: Sorry, I’mlate. Did you hear about the trains?
W: Yes, I heardthey were running late.
M: Well, Irealized I might be late, so I tried to find a bus and on my way I bumped intoJerry. He offered me a lift on his motorbike. But unfortunately, it wasexhausted by flameout, so in the end, I had to walk.
【解析】对话中提到男士已知道火车会晚点，未避免迟到已作出安排。男士迟到的原因是在搭乘朋友便车的时候，朋友的车总是flameout（熄火），只能步行上班。所以，正确答案应为C项。
答题技巧：
1．注意听清第二个人的讲话内容，尤其是如果第二个对话人使用I’dlike to ..., but ...句式时，but之后就是具体原因。
2．熟悉一些表示因果关系的词和短语,在听录音时要特别注意以下词或短语之后的内容。
words: because, as, for , since, in that, hence,therefore, consequently, cause, reason
expressions: due to, owing to, because of, thanks to, on account for,as a result, result from, result in, lead to, give rise to, contribute to,attribute to, now that, so that, so…that, such…that, in order to, beresponsible for
（七）气候与天气
谈论天气的人一般是朋友或家庭成员，内容涉及气候、温度、环境及天气对人们生活和出行的影响。
例1：[2007年C类初赛]
A. Rainy.
B. Sunny.
C. Cloudy.
【录音原文】
W: Take your rain coat with you, John.
M: No need. It doesn’t look like it’s going to rain. Thesun is shining.
W: But these days it often rains in the afternoon.
Q: What’s the weather like while they are having theconversation?
【解析】由第二句话可知他们谈话的时候天气是Sunny。
例2：[2006年D类初赛]
A. Cold and cloudy.
B. Cold and rainy.
C. Cold and snowy.
D. Cold and windy.
【录音原文】
W: How was your holiday, Mike?
M: We had a good time, but the weather was awful. We didn'thave one sunny day!
W: Oh dear, a week of rain, poor you !
M: Well, that's the funny thing. It never actually rained,it was just freezing cold and cloudy. We thought it might even snow.
Q: What was the weather like on Mike's holiday?
【解析】由Mike回答的第二句话可知，在他的整个假期期间，天气都不好freezing cold and cloud。
答题技巧：
解答该类题型要注意关于气候与天气的相关词汇及短语：
climate,forecast, get worse, sunny, bright, warm (up), cloudy, overcast, gloomy, windy,foggy, rain, snow, snow storm, etc.
冷暖:temperature, hot, cold, such a severe winter, etc.
（八）主题（Subject）
该类题目要求考生根据对话中的内容判断他们讨论的主题是什么。
常见提问方式为：
What are they/the two speakers talking about?
...
例1：[2012年A类初赛]
What are the speakers talking about?
A. Aphoto.
B. Colors.
C. A painting.
【录音原文】
M: What do you think of this one?
W: To be honest, it’s not really my taste. I’m not reallyinto this style of portrait. And it sort of looks like a photo to me.
M: I like the colors, and the expression on her face iskind of intense.
【解析】从女士的评价I’m not really into this style of portrait,photo以及男士的colors可知对话是在讨论一幅画。
例2：[2009年B类初赛]
Two people are talking. What are they talking about?
A.A TV programme.
B. A film.
C.A concert.
【录音原文】
M:Did you enjoy it?
W:Not really. I thought it was rather disappointing.
M:Oh? Why is that?
W: It wasn’t really what I expected. It went on too long.
M: No. But you must admit that on the big screen, it lookedgreat.
W: Well, I think it would have been just as good seeing itat home.
M: Ah, But it won’t be on video till next year.
W: I can’t wait that long.
【解析】由对话可知他们不是在家看的节目，排除选项A。对话中提到on the big screen，可以推测他们是在看电影而不是听音乐会。
例3：[2011年D类初赛]
What are the speakers talking about?
A. What to have for lunch.
B. Whether or not to eat out.
C. How to get to the conference.
【录音原文】
W: Will we have time to go out for lunch?
M: I think we should have it delivered to the office.
W: You’re right. We can’t afford to be late for thatconference.
【解析】由对话内容可知，这两个人要参加一个会议，因此没有时间去外面吃饭，所以最后决定叫外卖，由此可知他们在讨论是否要出去吃饭，故选B项。
答题技巧：
主题型试题主要考查学生对短对话的主要内容的把握能力。考生需要抓住关键字或主题句，根据所获得的关键信息，来分析概括主题。
注意不要只从对话一方的话语中寻找答案。由于是考查谈话主题，因此双方的话语中应都含有与主题相关的线索词。
◆长对话
1．试题特点
◆取材广泛
长对话的题材涉及十分广泛，如选课、考试、借书、打工、社团活动等大学校园内发生的与学习、生活及娱乐有关的内容，人物关系主要以学生之间或师生之间为主；或是租房、求职、商务、旅行或访谈等校园以外的内容，人物关系相对多样。同一次考试的中的两组对话一般会选用不同题材。
◆命题点多且分散
长对话兼有短对话和复合式听写的特点。短对话中考察的习语与词汇、场景与人物、时间与数字、原因与结果、虚拟与转折等内容同样会在长对话中出现。长对话与短对话相比，信息量增大很多，短对话只针对一处信息点命题，而长对话命题点多且分散。
◆命题顺序一般与原文一致
长对话一般是按照与原文相符的先后顺序进行命题的。这条命题原则对于考生来讲很重要，因为在听的过程中如能按顺序把某些选项中的关键词适当地“对号入座”，必要时再做一点笔记，就会增加对原文的理解程度，从而提高该部分的成绩。
2．解题攻略
（1）听到什么选什么原则
长对话部分一般只要听见了某个词语，并且在选项里面也出现了该词语，那么这个选项就极有可能是正确选项。这个原则对考查细节的题目比较实用。对于听不懂或者没有听清楚的词句，可以采用此技巧。
（2）中心内容原则
考生在听对话的时候，要把精力集中在说话人想要通过他的讲话传达什么样的信息或者阐明什么样的观点，而不是去想什么词没有听见，什么句子没有听懂，永远去关注说话人想说明的主要观点。
抓住这一点，不仅可以应对主旨类试题，还可以应对某些其他类型的试题，因为与短对话相比，长对话涉及的是一个“面”，必然有一个中心议题，中心议题就是该“面”的凝聚点，对话双方都是围绕该中心而展开对话的，因此对于长对话而言，做出正确选择的关键就是把握住对话的主题。
（3）问答原则
长对话中经常出现的问答的形式（即两个人对话时，其中一个人提问，另一个人对所提问的问题进行回答）是题眼。通常，对话中的问题往往成为问题的改写，回答的部分就是需要选的答案，因此考生要留心对话中的问句，学会在一问一答中把握考点。
（4）原因原则
原因在对话中常常会成为考试的焦点。因此，当对话中出现一些表示原因的标志词，如because, for, since, now that, so, consequently, therefore等时，考生要格外注意。
（5）but原则
这个原则非常简单，就是只要出现but，或者其他的转折连词，如however, although等，后面的内容往往就是考点。
（6）解释原则
有时候对话中会出现一些生僻的词或概念，如果这样的词或概念对理解整个对话没有影响，说话人是不会解释的，所以这个时候不需要对它多加注意，但是一旦说话人解释了，就说明它很可能对理解对话内容起到非常重要的作用，这时候，解释的内容就一定要仔细听，这极有可能就是题眼。
（7）建议原则
一般来讲，在对话中只要出现建议，建议就会是考点。实际上，这一原则不仅是在长对话中适用，在小对话中往往也是如此，所以只要是建议就要把它记住，而且考生在复习时要尽可能地熟悉各种各样的建议方式。
3．题型分析
长对话部分的常考题型可分为以下三类：
（1）细节识别题（听懂重要的或特定的细节）
长对话中细节题所占的比重最高，一篇长对话中通常会出现4个以上的细节题，有时甚至全为细节题。细节题涉及对话中一些具体的信息，比如人物的身份、年龄、姓名、电话、事情发生的地点、原因等。可能的提问方式如下：
Where does theconversation most probably take place?
When will theshow begin?
How much is achild’s ticket?
How long does ittake the man to…?
What gifts canchildren get from the library this year?
例1：[2012年C类决赛]
How many pre-constructed sections are made on land?
A.54,000.
B.45,000.
C.50,000.
【录音原文】
M: So, the first question, how would the transatlantictunnel be built?
W: Well, it will be built in pre-constructed sections.
M: Urn, pre-constructed sections?
W: Yes, they would be made on land, and then put togetherunder the sea.
M: Oh, how many of them?
W: Fifty-four thousand. They will be held in place by giantanchors which will be fixed to the bottom of the ocean. The tunnel will float200 meters under the surface.
【解析】采访中Professor Massa告诉主持人一共有54,000个部件。
例2：[2012年B类初赛]
Why does the manneed to take at least twelve hours?
A. He wants tograduate as soon as possible.
B. He must bea full-time student to qualify for his loan.
C. His advisorinsists that he study full time.
【录音原文】
Woman: I see. Well, would you like to drop the class?
Man: Yes, but I also need to pick up another class. I haveto be a full-time student in order to qualify for my student loan.
Woman: So you need at least twelve hours. And you needafternoon classes.
【解析】男士需要获得助学贷款就必须是全日制学生，得每周修够12小时的课。
例3：[2011年A类初赛]
What time is Mike’swife’s appointment?
A. At 2:00 pm.
B. At 2:30 pm.
C. At 3:30 pm.
【录音原文】
Mike: This isMike speaking. I'd like to make an appointment for my wife. She wants to comein at the end of the week.
Receptionist:How about this Friday morning? That's Friday the 21st.
Mike: Mmm, Idon't think she can make the morning. Any openings in the afternoon?
Receptionist:Yes. Appointments are available at 2:00, 2:30 and 3:30.
Mike: We'll takethe first one, please.
【解析】前台接待员说 Appointments are available at 2:00, 2:30 and 3:30，之后男士选了第一个，故选A。
例4：[2011年D类初赛]
Where are theygoing to have the party?
A. In a flat
B. In arestaurant.
C. In a publichall.
【录音原文】
W: Hi, Jackie!We’re going to a farewell party on Friday evening. Would you like to come?
M: To a party? Ruth,I’d love to! Whose party is it?
W: My friend,Ben. He’s going to Paris on Saturday. He’s got a great job with a Frenchmagazine. M: Wow! Good for him. Is he having a party at his flat?
W: Yes. He’sarranged for a DJ and is cooking some French food. It should be good!
【解析】Jackie问Ruth晚会是在Ben的公寓里举行吗，Ruth回答是，故选A项。
（2）推理判断题（推论隐含的意义）
推理试题的难度相对比较大，主要的提问方式有：
What can youinfer from the conversation?
What might bethe man’s attitude toward…?
What does theman think about…?
长对话部分对推理判断题的考查不是很多，该类试题主要考察考生的推理判断能力，考生应根据自己对对话内容的理解找出与对话意义相符的选择项，而不仅仅以词句是否与材料中听到的词句完全和部分相同而定。对于没有听懂的句子，可以根据已经获得的部分信息以及自己具备的一般常识来判断可能性大的选项。
例1：[2011年A类初赛]
What is the mostprobable relationship between the two speakers?
A. Travel agentand customer.
B. Professor andstudent.
C.Classmates.
【录音原文】
John: I know. I was hoping thatthey'd stay at 3,000 words or only go up to 3,500, but no luck, I'm afraid.
Jane: What about the deadline?
John: The first one has to be in byOctober 30th and the second by November 30th. It looks like one essay a monththe same as last year.
Jane: Well, at least that hasn'tchanged, but as it's the end of September now, that leaves only a month to getthe first one done. I'm going to get onto that straight away.
John: Yes, you'd better. If you wantto talk about it, I'm going to be at the campus cafeteria at 1:30 for lunch. Wecould go over some questions.
【解析】通过两人讨论作业的语气及对话发生的场景——校园，可以推知两人是同学，故选C。
例2：[2009年D类初赛]
Where does theconversation take place?
A. At a trainstation.
B. In arestaurant.
C. At aninformation booth.
【录音原文】
W: Hello, can Ihelp you?
M: Yes, please.I want some information about a train to Newcastle.
W: Certainly.When are you going to travel? Today?
M: Oh, no, onTuesday. I think there is one at about 11:30 in the morning.
W: Let me see.Yes, there is, and it arrives in Newcastle at 1:30.
M: That’s fine.And how much is a ticket, please?
W: Well, asingle ticket is 25 pounds.
M: I’d like areturn, please.
W: Then that’s 40 pounds
M: Ok, can I geta meal on that train? You know, lunch.
W: En…I’m afraidthere isn’t a restaurant car on that train. But they sell drinks andsandwiches.
M: That will befine. Must I buy my ticket at the station ticketoffice or can I get one in the town center?
W: You can buyone at the northern travel agency at 22 Mallet street.
M: What’s thename of the street again?
W: Mallet.M-A-L-L-E-T.
M: Thanks
【解析】录音中男士在询问女士去Newcastle的火车时间，票价以及在哪买票等情况，排除选项B。男士询问女士他是否必须得去火车站售票厅买票，在市中心能否买到，因此排除选项A，故本题答案为C项。
例3：[2007年C类初赛]
How often doesthe student have to attend tutorials?
A. Once every otherweek.
B. Three times aweek.
C. Once aweek.
【录音原文】
M:And what times have been set for the tutorials? Do you have that information?
W:Yes, there are a number of tutorial times: Monday,Wednesday and Friday all at 9 o’clock. Yourtutorial is on Monday.
M:Can’t I choose the time?
W:Maybe, but you’ll have to talk to the lecturer. Doctor Roberts is your tutor.
M:OK, thanks very much.
【解析】倒数第四句话a number of tutorial times: Monday, Wednesday and Friday all at 9 o’clock. Your tutorial is on Monday.由此可知学生出席tutorials times一个星期只有一次。
（3）主旨大意题
常见的提问方式：
What is theconversation mainly about?
What are the twospeakers talking about?
What does theconversation focus on?
What is the maintopic of the conversation?
长对话中对主旨大意的考查不是很多，该部分是对整个对话内容的总结，属于难度较高的一类题目，因此考生仍需注意。长对话的主题句一般是出现在对话的开始部分，并且对话的主旨会通过对话场景体现在一些关键词中，考生应该注意把握。
例1：[2012年A类初赛]
What are thespeakers talking about?
A. When to builda hotel
B. The speciesof animals on the land.
C. The use ofthe land.
【录音原文】
W: I don’treally have any expertise in managing. Have you got any idea what we could dowith it?
M: Well, when Isee fifty square kilometers of land, I think ofmoney.
W: Ha, that’stypical of you.
M: Well, yeah. Ithink, you know, a hotel will be great here.There’s enough room for it, and as it’s in the middle of this kind of wonderfulenvironment, we could really sell it.
W: Yeah, the land’s got these really lovely environmental features.You’ve got these lovely hills and there’re all these lovely trees, and a littleforest down there. Perhaps it would be nicer to do something that’s kind ofmore sympathetic with the environment, like, um, you could leave it wild andjust let the animals roam free, or you could have like a more organized animalsanctuary to get the most out of the features of it.
【解析】男士提及land，且进一步表示a hotel will be great here。而女士也认为the land’s got these really lovely environmental features，并给出了关于土地建设的具体意见。所以两人讨论的是土地利用的问题。
例2：[2012年B类决赛]
What are thespeakers discussing?
A. A trip tovisit the Eskimos.
B. A trip theman has just taken
C. A campingtrip they took.
【录音原文】
W: Hi, Jack.It’s good to see you again. Are you ready to get down to business again afterthe spring break?
M: Not really,but I guess I don’t really have too much choice, do I? And it’s going to beparticularly hard to get back to work since I just had the most fantasticvacation ever.
W: Really? Whatdid you do?
M: I went kayaking on the Klamath River.
W: Kayaking?
【解析】本文主要围绕男士在假期的一次旅行经历go kayaking on the Klamath River展开，故选B项。
例3：[2011年D类初赛]
What are theytalking about?
A. Tony’s dailyschedule.
B. Tony’s schoollife.
C. Tony’s job
【录音原文】
W: Hi, Tony.How’s the new job at the bank? Are you themanager yet?
M: No, it’sawful. I have to start work so early—8:30 every morning.It’s hard to get out of bed.
W: That’s notearly! It’s normal for most people.
M: Hey, when Iwas a student, I got up at lunchtime.
W: Welcome tothe real world.
M: And not onlythat, I have to work till 5:30 every day.
W: Tony, mostpeople do the same.
【解析】对话一开始有人问Tony在银行的新工作怎么样，后面的内容全部是关于工作的，故选C项。
◆短新闻
1．试题特点
①新闻内容源自VOA、BBC等国外新闻广播；
②题材多样，主要为政治、经济、科技等方面的新闻，在人文、军事、体育、健康等方面也有所涉及；
③由于新闻语言本身的客观性，语音一般语气比较平稳，措辞不会带有个人色彩。
2．解题攻略
（1）听前预期
短新闻部分也可以进行听前预期，基本原则和对话的原则相同，即：
★把握时机，在听力开始宣读指令时预读题干和选项；
★纵向浏览选项，快速寻找选项的共同点和不同点；
★几个选项相结合，预测新闻的大意。
错误的选项也可以传递很多信息，因为它的出现，就是为了让考生加以选择，所以肯定有“真”的地方。考生要做的就是找出几个选项的共同点，这些点一般都是“真”的，可以让考生对新闻的大致内容有所了解。对于选项的不同点，在听的过程中要做到“去伪存真”。
（2）听时注意
★新闻的第一句一定要注意。因为这句往往是新闻的导语，会告知新闻的主要内容，而且往往是主旨类题目的答案出处。
★和题目相关的内容一定要注意。新闻听力题目的原文信息定位比较简单，关键是在听时一定要细心，这样才能有效排除干扰项。
★遇到听不懂的地方立刻跳过。新闻听力的语速较快，如果遇到一个不熟悉的单词或没听清楚的句子就开始想它的意思，往往会影响对下文的理解。所谓“一心不能二用”，绝不可以在听的同时回想上文的内容。要养成一个习惯，即遇到不太懂的地方不要停下来思考，专心听下去。对于新闻听力，这点尤为重要。
★忽略特殊难懂的人名地名。在新闻听力中，常常会遇到不太熟悉的人名或地名，但大部分情况下这些人名或地名不会对理解新闻内容造成影响。当然，重要的新闻人物及地名还是得熟悉一下。
★利用5W1H原则。新闻六要素(who, what, when, where, why, how)，即通常说的“五个W和一个H”。听新闻必须捕捉这几个方面的信息，才能准确知道这则新闻究竟要传达的是什么内容。
3．题型分析
短新闻的基本题型可分为细节题、推断题和主旨题。
（1）细节题
和对话类题目类似，短新闻部分的题目也是以细节题为主，针对新闻的六要素(when, where, what, who, why, how)中的一个或几个进行提问。如2012年C类决赛的真题，5道短新闻题目全部为细节题：
16.How long did the first Thanksgiving Day last?
17. What is the purpose of American Jobs Act calling forcutting wage taxes?
18. Why does the problem of debits debts affect a lot morenation than just the ones that are struggling with money?
19. How much money can each child beggar earn a day fortheir minders?
20.Why did Spain’s top footballers hold a strike?
回答细节题时，考生首先要根据题干的关键词汇认真听取对话中的相关部分，然后再进行选择。当录音中出现题干中的关键词或题干原话时，往往就是答案所在。
例1：[2011年A类初赛]
What are the most damaging emissions?
A. Ultrafineparticles.
B.Gases.
C. Particlesproduced by gasoline engines.
【录音原文】
People who livein polluted cities can see the grit and dirt produced from vehicle engines butsome of the most damaging emissions are onlynow starting to be understood. They're ultrafineparticles, way too small to be seen. Hundreds of them, placed side byside, match the width of a human hair. They are primarily produced bycombustion in diesel engines.
【解析】新闻第一句末尾和第二句明确指出the most damagingemissions…They’re ultrafine particles….，故选A项。
例2：[2011年B类初赛]
Why will theSpanish state broadcaster stop showing bullfighting?
A. Thebroadcaster RTVE thinks bullfighting is cruel.
B. Some animalprotection organisations are now against bullfighting.
C.Bullfighting could cause anxiety in children.
【录音原文】
The Spanishstate broadcaster is to stop showing bullfightingbecause of the anxiety it could cause to children. In an update to its editorialguidelines, the broadcaster RTVE includes bull fighting in a section entitled‘Violence with Animals’, and says showing it to children should be avoided. Themain bullfighting organisation has said it’s astounded at the move.
【解析】新闻首句提到“stop showing bullfighting because of the anxiety it could cause tochildren”可知斗牛能给儿童带来焦虑，故选C项。
例3：[2012年C类初赛]
Why does the problem of debits debts affect a lot more nation than just the ones thatare struggling with money?
A. The nations use the same currency.
B. The nations have joint business corporations.
C. These nations’ economies are interdependent.
【录音原文】
It’s in the middle of a crisis because several countries inthe European Union have massive debts. This problem affects a lot more nations than just the ones that arestruggling with money. Seventeencountries all use the same currency, the euro. And if any of them take a big hiteconomically, all of them could be affected.
【解析】新闻最后提到由于欧盟17个国家使用同一种货币，因此只要有一个国家经济出现问题，所有其他国家都会受到影响。
（2）主旨题
相比长对话部分，短新闻部分的主旨题略多。短新闻的主旨题一般情况下答案都出自新闻的首句或前几句，即新闻导语，所以考生对新闻的开头部分要特别注意。
例1：[2011年B类初赛]
What is the newsmainly about?
A. The economiesin developing countries.
B. Life in poorcountries.
C. Energyconsumption.
【录音原文】
Speaking at thefourth annual World Future Energy Summit in Abu Dhabi, UN Secretary General BanKi-moon said renewable energy could help solve a number of the planet’s mostpressing problems. Mr. Ban warned global energy consumption is set to rise by 40 percent in the next two decades, with thehighest growth expected in developing nations. He also pointed out that moreefficient power would greatly help people living in poorer countries.
【解析】新闻提到“Mr Ban warned globalenergy consumption”可知新闻的重点是能源消耗问题，故选C项。
例2：[2007年C类初赛]
What’s the news item mainly talking about?
A. Development of medical technology.
B. Health care in California.
C. Health insurance in the U.S.
【录音原文】
Californiahealth officials say one sixth of the state residents have no access toadequate health care. This is due to skyrocketing medical costs and the highcost of health insurance. Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger summed up the problemthis way, “California has, as you all know, the best care, with the bestmedical technology in the entire world, but the problem is the delivery.”
【解析】新闻中第一句话说到加利福利亚健康署官员说到该州有六分之一的居民不能接受足够的医疗保障。这一句话就揭示了本新闻的主题，即加利福利亚州的医疗保障问题。
（3）推断题
推断题在短新闻题目所占的比例很小，该类题目需要对某个事实细节进行推断。该类题能力要求较高，原文不会直接给出答案，必须在听懂的前提下才能做出准确的推断。
例1：[2012年A类决赛]
What does thereverse brain drain in the news refer to?
A. Talentsflowing from developed countries to their motherland.
B. Talentsflowing from developing countries to developed ones.
C. Talentsflowing from big cities to rural areas.
【录音原文】
Congress isstudying how to change immigration policies in an effort to get more foreignstudents to stay and work in the United States. Many foreign students come tothe United States to earn advanced degrees in science, technology, engineeringand math. But many are unable to get a visa to liveand work here after they graduate. So far no agreement has been reached on howto stop this so-called reverse brain drain. The loss of highly skilledworkers usually involves developing countries losing them to wealthier ones.Critics say immigration policies in the United States are too restrictive.
【解析】文中提到现行的移民措施导致many foreignstudents…unable to get a visa to live and work in the United States，即许多留学生归国，这将造成许多发展中国家的reverse brain drain“人才回流”。故选A。
例2：[2007年C类初赛]
What's the function of the new drug produced by Pfizer?
A. Reducing dogs’ weight.
B. Increasing dogs’ appetite.
C. Controlling dogs’ population.
【录音原文】
The food and drug administration in the United States is provedthe world's first weight loss for dogs manufactured by the pharmaceutical giantPfizer. The product called Slentrol is intended to reduce the appetite andthe amount of fat dog can absorb. The FDA’ head of veterinary Medicine said thedrug was a welcome addition to animal therapies because of a pounding increasein dog obesity in the US.
【解析】新闻中第二句话中提到这一产品是为了reduce the appetite and the amount offat dog can absorb，也就是为了达到减少狗的体重的目的。
◆复合式听写
1．试题特点
◆综合性
复合式听写是一种综合性的测试手段，它全面测试了考生的语音、词汇量、语法以及记笔记等能力。
◆难度高
复合式听写所考查的单词的拼写通常都有一定难度，很多单词较长，再加上某些单词词尾的变化，容易造成听懂却拼错的现象，因此考生在平时的英语学习中对单词的拼写要多下功夫。
2．解题攻略
（1）听前利用间隙浏览全文。
在录音播放前，尽快浏览文章已经给出的部分，通过主题句预测文章大意并推测单词的词性，如果是动词或名词就要格外注意他们的词尾变化。这样可以使考生在听录音时具有针对性和有效性。
例1：[2012年C类决赛]
Millions oftelevision sets and old computer monitors taken to civic amenity sites asrubbish are being collected and shipped to Africa and Asia, an illegal tradeworth ￡7,000,000 a year, according to anunpublished report by the Environment Agency and the ______.
【预测】通过and可知，空缺处和the Environment Agency并列，由此预判空缺处应填入一个名词，可能是某机构组织名称或某种行业。（录音为recycling industry。）
例2：[2012年C类决赛]
The agency isalarmed that half a million televisions and a similar number of computermonitors which people thought were being ______in England are being re-used or dumped in thedeveloping world.
【预测】通过分析句子结构可知，句子主干为The agency is alarmed that引导的宾语从句，宾语从句中又套定语从句。空缺处所在的从句正常语序为people thought half a million televisions and a similar number ofcomputer monitors were being ______ in England，由此可判断空缺处应为过去分词。（录音为disposed of。）
例3：[2009年D类初赛]
Each reader mustbe able to 26 at least one character, to“become” that character in his or her mind.
【预测】通过mustbe able to可判断空缺处一定为动词原形，又因为空缺处后面有宾语，由此判断可能为及物动词，也可能为不及物动词+介词。（录音为identifywith。）
例4：[2011年D类初赛]
People ______received a silver key on that day to symbolize opening the door to the adultworld.
【预测】根据语法，空缺处如果去掉，并不影响句子的表达，由此判断此处可能为副词来修饰received，或是介词短语、非谓语动词等作People的后置定语。（录音为traditionally。）
（2）利用速记法。
边听边记，快速填写。在很短的时间里要写下听到的单词或词组，同时要保证拼写正确，而且还要跟上后面的听力内容，确实有很大的难度。因此考生要尽量运用速记法，以便能做到事半功倍。考生可以先写出某个单词的前几个字母，回头再逐一补全。
参考词汇：
knowl=Knowledge acti=Activities
lit=Literature his=History
poli=Politics b=Book
j=Journal desc=Description
st=Students immed=Immediately
irr=Irrelevant import=Important
coher=Coherently Devel=Development
edu=EdLlcatioil explan=explanation
conversa=Conversation prepar=Preparation
Q=Questions
（3）听完录音后，重新检查已填的词是否正确，力求答案完整。
要注意的是，复合式听写中考查的单词的名词和动词词尾通常会有变化，即不是单词原形。名词的变化主要是可数名词的复数形式，动词的变化主要是时态和语态的变化，尤以-ed形式为主。要听出这种词尾有变化的词通常比较困难，因此听写时一定要“瞻前顾后”，依靠阅读技能和语法知识进行推理判断，然后填入正确的单词。
例1：[2012年C类初赛]
On board, wearearplugs and eye pads because darkness ______ secretion of the hormones thatenhance sleep.
【检查】录音为stimulates，拼写的时候注意第三人称单数形式。
例2：[2011年C类决赛]
Somecommentators say, though, that rising university costs, poor long-term (30) ______,and a drop in graduate recruitment mean this is the worst time to be a universitystudent in the UK.
【检查】录音为job prospects，拼写的时候注意名词复数。
例3：[2012年C类决赛]
Claire Wilton ofFriends of the Earth said, “The agency has known about this situation for twoyears but has still ______ act.
【检查】录音为failed to，拼写的时候注意动词的ed形式。
例4：[2011年D类初赛]
The custom ofgiving gifts on 25 December only ______ Victorian times.
【检查】录音为dates back to，拼写的时候注意第三人称单数形式。
平时备考：
为了提高听力效果，考生应在听力训练和复习中有意识地注意以下几个方面的训练：
1．通过“读”帮助“听”，努力扩大知识面
听力部分的内容取材广泛，几乎覆盖生活的各个方面。对现实生活各个领域的词汇都略知一二是听懂的基础，对于短新闻类题目尤其适用，新闻作为一种语言测试题型也是语言在现实生活中真实运用的体现。所以考生在平时的学习中要多读多听，不断积累各个方面的知识和词汇，尤其是实事政治词汇。
2．掌握正确的语音
掌握正确的语音是提高英语听力能力的重要基础。学习者有必要对音标、字母组合、发音规则等进行系统的复习，不断提高对语音的辨别能力和敏感程度。只有熟练地掌握了这些基础知识，才能逐步过渡到句子、段落以至于整篇文章的理解。
3．扩大词汇量
扩大词汇量，熟记新闻报道中的常用词汇。虽然英语新闻广播所使用的词汇量很大，但其中的常用词比较稳定，且重复率较高。如VOA广播中的SpecialEnglish节目要求的常用词汇约为1500个，如果能熟练掌握这些词汇，听懂Special English就不是问题。
4．加强储存记忆(memory span)
做到这一点需要按意群捕捉讲述内容，不要一字一字地听，而要抓住关键词或句。听完一段不可能一字一句地回忆，而要建立整体概念。
5．加强及时反映(immediate recall)
只有当你建立了整体概念，才能达到立即回忆。
6．做简短笔记(brief note-taking)
在听较长材料时，用缩写或自己能看懂的点、线或其它标记做些快速记录，如：数字、地点、人名或其它关键词语等。
7．多做听写和记笔记训练(dictating & note-taking)
这种练习有助于储存记忆，训练抓住关键词或句，以及中心思想。
8．精听与泛听(intensive & extensive listening)
同一段内容反复听若干次，这样有助于增加记忆的持续时间；听不同内容的材料，有助于增加听各种不同声音，口音及语速的经验。前者属于精听，后者为泛听，两者应有机结合起来。
9．训练听与寻找答案同时进行(looking for the right answer while listening)
在听的同时迅速浏览各项选择，只需细看各项选择的不同部分，而相同的部分只看第一个即可，这样可以节省时间以便多做思考。当然，如果能巧妙地利用每一部分考题的空隙快速浏览一下所要做的习题的选择项，那是再好不过了。因此，特别要提醒考生的一个诀窍就是：当听力理解的每一部分开始放音时，总要有一长段的题目指令(Instructions)与例题(Sample)，考生可以不必去听它，因为听与不听根本不会影响你后面的答题。利用这一段时间，大致推测一下录音内容大有益处。望考生千万不要错过这个时机。
10．必须防止两种情况的发生
一是精神过度紧张；二是注意力长时间的滞留。要学会控制自己的注意力，尽量不使其长时间的滞留或努力缩短其滞留时间，而迅速再度集中注意力听下面的内容。
总之，听力的提高固然与个人的语音水平有关，但更重要的还必须通过大量的听的实践来提高。客观地讲，提高英语听力水平没有捷径可走，多听是惟一的办法。所谓“技巧”都是在英语新闻听力训练的过程中根据自己的实践总结的经验，任何“技巧”都代替不了“听”本身。所以，要想提高英语听力水平，一定要养成经常听英语的习惯。
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