戴炜栋先生的新编简明语言学教程最后几页的Glossary中出现了一些书中没有涉及到或已涉及但未解释的名词，在南师的真题中曾经有考过。我在准备复试的时候买过几本有关语言学的书，看的时候，找到了这些名词，了解了它们的含义。现在我将这些名词的解释补充出来。希望对准备参加考试的同学有所帮助。
即使没有考到，我想这些语言学的基本知识也有助于透彻理解戴先生的书。
因为比较忙，加上我打字也不快，所以，一天只能写十几个。见谅了。
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1. Acculturation(同化过程） is a process in which members of one cultural group adopt the beliefs and behaviors of another group.
2. Adjacency pair（相邻语对）; a sequence of two utterances by different speakers in conversation. The second is a response to the first, such as question/answer sequences and greeting/greeting exchange.
3. affix: a bound morpheme that is attached to a stem and modifies its meaning in some way.
4. agreement (concord)（一致）: a grammatical phenomenon in which the form of one word in a sentence is determined by the form of another word which is grammatically linked to it. E.g. in the sentence The boy goes to school every day. There is an agreement in number between boy and goes.
5.articulators（发音器官): the tongue,lips,and velum, which change the shape of the vocal tract to produce different speech sounds.
6.aspect(体）: the grammatical category representing distinction in the temporal structure of an event. English has two aspect construction---the perfect and the progressive.(完成体和进行体)
7.aspiration(吐气）; the puff of air that sometimes follows the pronounciation of a stop consonant. E.g. /p/ in the word pit.
8.consonant（辅音）; a speech sound produced by partial or complete closure of part of the vocal tract, thus obstructing the airflow and creating audible friction. Consonants are described in terms of voicing, place of articulation, and manner of articulation.
9. converstional implicature（会话含义）: meanings that are explicable in the light of converational maxims.
10.communicative competence（交际能力）; the ability to use language appropriately in social situations. |
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