趴趴兵营之同型词归类32（3）

注：
活动内容：
a.填补一下相应单词的中文释义（有一词多义的其他词义也请给出），市场统一零售价5考元一个释义
b.每个单词下面的例句有兴趣有时间翻译的同学也可翻译一下方便他人，市场统一零售价10考元一个句子翻译
c.有任何想法烦请大家提出来，大家一起提高O(∩_∩)O
d.很多人反应说看不懂内容，其实这东西可能更多的就是每天复习几个单词，翻译几个句子，就这么简单……

本期词汇：
break  •  breach  •  infringe  •  violate
These words all mean to do sth that is against the law, an agreement or a principle.

PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS
►  to break/​breach/​infringe a  regulation
►  to break/​breach/​violate a  rule/​law/​treaty
►  to break/​infringe/​violate a  code
►  to break/​violate a  ceasefire/​truce
►  to breach/​infringe/​violate  copyright
►  to breach/​infringe/​violate  Article  12 of the treaty

break [ T ]  
to do sth that is against the law or a rule or agreement to  
Some companies have  broken  sanctions by supplying arms to the warring states.
  OPP   obey

breach [ T ] ( formal )  
to not keep an agreement; to not obey a rule or law
The government is accused of breaching the terms of the treaty.
  OPP   comply
►    breach noun  [ C ,  U ]:  This action is  in breach of  Article 119 of the Constitution.

NOTE   break  or  breach?   
Breach  is more formal. You can  breach  a particular rule, but you would  break  ‘the law’ in general.:  areas where EU limits were breached  ◇  They are breaching the law and could be in serious trouble. （wrong） People  break laws . Either people or actions can  breach rules .

infringe [ T ,  I ] ( formal )  
(of an action or plan) to break a law; to limit sb's legal rights
She refused to answer questions that  infringed on  her private affairs.
►    infringement noun  [ U ,  C ]: an infringement of his personal liberty

violate [ T ] ( formal )  
to refuse to obey or keep a law, principle or agreement; to disturb or not respect sb's peace or privacy
She accused press photographers of violating her privacy.
  OPP respect
►    violation noun  [ C ,  U ]:  They were  in  open  violation of  the treaty.
NOTE   infringe  or  violate   
Violate  often describes actions that are not just illegal, but morally wrong.  
Infringe  can be about sb's personal rights, but it is not as strong as  violate , which is more about universal human rights.

[ 本帖最后由 sudapapa 于 2010-4-16 19:54 编辑 ]

break
vt. & vi.打破, 折断, 弄坏
n 1. 裂口, 裂缝; 破裂2. 间歇, 中间休息3. 课间休息
breach
vt. 1. 攻破，在…上打开缺口2. 破坏, 违反，违背
n.1. 破坏, 违反2. 破裂, 不和3. 缺口, 裂口
infringe
vt. & vi.
1. 违反(规章等)2. 侵犯(某人的权利)3. 侵犯，侵害(某人的自由、权益等)
violate
vt.
1. 违反, 违背2. 亵渎3. 侵犯, 妨碍4. 强奸；奸污

The government is accused of breaching the terms of the treaty
政府被指控破坏协商条款！
She refused to answer questions that infringed on her private affairs.
她拒接回答侵犯她隐私的问题！
She accused press photographers of violating her privacy.
她控告报刊摄影师侵犯她隐私！

1.break
[breik]
vt. & vi.
打破, 折断, 弄坏
vt.
a 破坏, 违反 b 终止, 中断 c 打破(纪录)
n.
a 裂口, 裂缝; 破裂 b 间歇, 中间休息
2.breach
[bri:tʃ]
n.
a 破坏, 违反  
b 破裂, 不和
c 缺口, 裂口
vt.
a 攻破
b  破坏, 违反  
3.
infringe
[inˈfrindʒ]
vt. & vi.
a  违反(规章等)
b 侵犯(某人的权利)
4.violate
[ˈvaiəleit]
vt.
a 违反, 违背  
b 亵渎
c 侵犯, 妨碍