趴趴兵营之同型词归类44

注：
活动内容：
a.填补一下相应单词的中文释义（有一词多义的其他词义也请给出），市场统一零售价5考元一个释义
b.每个单词下面的例句有兴趣有时间翻译的同学也可翻译一下方便他人，市场统一零售价10考元一个句子翻译
c.有任何想法烦请大家提出来，大家一起提高O(∩_∩)O
d.很多人反应说看不懂内容，其实这东西可能更多的就是每天复习几个单词，翻译几个句子，就这么简单……

本期词汇：
conclude  •  understand  •  figure  •  infer •  deduce  •  gather  •  reason  •  read sth into sth
These words all mean to decide or believe sth according to the evidence or information that you have.

PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS
►  to conclude/​understand/​figure/​infer/​deduce/​gather/​reason  from  sth
►  to conclude/​understand/​figure/​infer/​deduce/​gather sth  about  sth
►  to conclude/​understand/​figure/​infer/​deduce/​gather/​reason  that…
►  to figure/​deduce  what/​how/​who/​why…
►  It is  concluded/​understood/​inferred/​deduced/​reasoned that…
►  It can be  concluded/​inferred/​deduced that…

conclude [ T ]  (  not used in the progressive tenses )   
to decide or believe sth on the basis of the information that you have
Whatever you  conclude , remember that there are certain things we may not know.

understand [ T ]  (  not used in the progressive tenses )  ( rather formal )  
to think or believe that sth is true because you have been told that it is
The prime minister is understood to have been extremely angry about the report.

figure [ T ]  (  not used in the progressive tenses )  ( rather informal )  
to think or decide that sth will happen or is true
I figured (that) if I took the night train, I could be in Scotland by morning.

infer [ T ]  (  not usually used in the progressive tenses )   
to form an opinion or decide that sth is true using evidence and reasoning, not statements of fact
It can be inferred from the evidence that the killer was quite a young man.

deduce [ T ]  (  not used in the progressive tenses )   
to find out a fact or the answer to a question using evidence and reasoning
She deduced that he couldn't have been at home when the attack took place.  
NOTE   infer  or  deduce?   
In many cases, you can use either of these words, but there can be a slight difference in meaning: sth that you  infer  is probably true, considering the evidence available; sth that you  deduce  logically has to be true, considering the facts.

gather [ T ]  (  not used in the progressive tenses )  ( rather informal ,  especially spoken )  
to think or believe that sth is true because you have been told that it is
From what they could gather , there had been some kind of problem back at the base.
NOTE   understand  or  gather?   
Both of these words are often used in spoken English, but  understand  is more formal than  gather .  
Gather  can suggest greater activity than  understand : what you  understand  is what you have been told, usually without asking; what you  gather  is either what you have been told, or what you have found out by asking people.  Gather , but  not   understand , is often used with  can/could :  As far as I can understand… (wrong) ◇  From what they could understand… （wrong）

reason [ T ,  I ]  
to form a judgement about sth by considering the facts and using your power to think in a logical way
They couldn't fire him, he reasoned. He was the only one who knew how the system worked.

read sth  into sth  phrasal verb
to conclude that sth has a particular meaning, especially when you think it means more than it really does
Yes, he's going over to talk to her, but don't read too much into it.

conclude  
[kənˈklu:d]
vt. & vi. 结束
vt. 1 得出结论; 断定 2 决定

understand  
[ˌʌndəˈstænd]
vt. & vi. 懂; 理解
vt. 听说, 获悉; 知道, 认为
  
figure  
[ˈfiɡə]
n. 1 数字 2 图解, 图表; 装饰性的图案 3 人或动物的像, 画像, 肖像 4 轮廓, 人影, 身材, 体态, 风姿 5 算术, 计算
vi. 出现, 被提及
vt. 1 计算在内 2 估计, 有可能; 认为, 料想

infer  
[inˈfə:]
vt. 推断, 推知
  
deduce  
[diˈdju:s]
vt. 推论, 演绎

gather  
[ˈɡæðə]
vt. & vi. 1 (使)聚集; 集合 2 推断; 了解
vt. 1 收集, 收拢(分散的东西) 2 采集, 采拾; 收割, 收获 3 把…围住, 拉紧…; 打褶子

reason  
[ˈri:zən]
n. 1 理由; 原因 2 理性, 理智
vt. & vi. 1 推理; 思考 2 争辩
  
read sth into sth  
理解…时加进…

Whatever you conclude , remember that there are certain things we may not know.
无论你得出什么结论，记住肯定有些事我们不知道。

The prime minister is understood to have been extremely angry about the report.
据了解首相对这个报告已经非常愤怒。

I figured (that) if I took the night train, I could be in Scotland by morning.
我估计如果我坐夜间的火车，早上我就能到苏格兰。

It can be inferred from the evidence that the killer was quite a young man.
从证据中推断出杀手是一个非常年轻的人。

She deduced that he couldn\'t have been at home when the attack took place.
她推测，攻击发生时他不能在家里。

From what they could gather , there had been some kind of problem back at the base.
从他们收集的情报可以得出后面一定隐藏着什么问题。

They couldn\'t fire him, he reasoned. He was the only one who knew how the system worked.
他推测他们不会解雇他，因为他是唯一知道如何操作系统的人。

Yes, he\'s going over to talk to her, but don\'t read too much into it.
是的，他走过去跟她说话，但这不应该想太多。
五一放假有事，回来继续，吼吼！

[ 本帖最后由 shuangily 于 2010-4-30 21:34 编辑 ]

conclude [ T ] ( not used in the progressive tenses ) 总结，结论。
to decide or believe sth on the basis of the information that you have
Whatever you conclude , remember that there are certain things we may not know.
无论你总结什么东西，记得某些东西我们可能不知道。
understand [ T ] ( not used in the progressive tenses ) ( rather formal ) 理解，
to think or believe that sth is true because you have been told that it is
The prime minister is understood to have been extremely angry about the report.
首相对这份报告非常生气这是可以理解的。
figure [ T ] ( not used in the progressive tenses ) ( rather informal )
to think or decide that sth will happen or is true 计算出，想出。
I figured (that) if I took the night train, I could be in Scotland by morning.

我想如果我搭乘晚上的火车，我会在早上时到达苏格兰。                              
infer [ T ] ( not usually used in the progressive tenses ) 推断，推论出。揣测。
to form an opinion or decide that sth is true using evidence and reasoning, not statements of fact
It can be inferred from the evidence that the killer was quite a young man.
从证据可以推断出这个杀手是个十分年轻的男人。
deduce [ T ] ( not used in the progressive tenses ) 推测，肯定的得出。
to find out a fact or the answer to a question using evidence and reasoning
She deduced that he couldn\'t have been at home when the attack took place.
她证明在袭击发生是他不可能在家。
NOTE infer or deduce?
In many cases, you can use either of these words, but there can be a slight difference in meaning: sth that you infer is probably true, considering the evidence available; sth that you deduce logically has to be true, considering the facts.
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