趴趴兵营之同型词归类45（1）

注：
活动内容：
a.填补一下相应单词的中文释义（有一词多义的其他词义也请给出），市场统一零售价5考元一个释义
b.每个单词下面的例句有兴趣有时间翻译的同学也可翻译一下方便他人，市场统一零售价10考元一个句子翻译
c.有任何想法烦请大家提出来，大家一起提高O(∩_∩)O
d.很多人反应说看不懂内容，其实这东西可能更多的就是每天复习几个单词，翻译几个句子，就这么简单……

本期词汇：
confirm  •  support  •  bear witness  •  substantiate  •  validate  • evidence  •  corroborate  •  authenticate  •  testify to sth
These words all mean to provide evidence to help prove that sth is true.

PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS
►  to confirm/​validate/​authenticate sth  as  sth
►  to bear witness/​testify  to  sth
►  to confirm/​support/​substantiate/​corroborate  what…
►  to confirm/​support/​substantiate/​validate/​corroborate/​authenticate a  claim
►  to confirm/​support/​substantiate/​validate/​corroborate a  theory
►  to confirm/​support/​substantiate/​validate an  argument
►  to confirm/​support/​substantiate/​corroborate a  story
►  to confirm/​support/​substantiate a  point
►  to confirm/​support/​corroborate a  statement

confirm [ T ]  
to show that a guess or theory is definitely true or correct
The results  confirm  the findings of our earlier research.
  OPP   disprove ,  refute

support [ T ]  
to help to show that a claim or theory is true or correct
The witness's story was not supported by the evidence.

bear  witness  idiom ( rather formal ,  written )  
to provide evidence of the existence or truth of a feeling, quality or situation
The crowd of mourners at his funeral bore witness to the great affection in which he was held.

substantiate [ T ] ( formal )  
to provide evidence to prove that a claim or theory is true
They made accusations which could not be substantiated.

validate [ T ] ( formal )  
to prove that a claim or theory is true
The research findings do not validate the claims made by the manufacturer.
NOTE   substantiate  or  validate?   
Substantiate  emphasizes the  substance  ( = evidence )  behind the claims;  
validate  emphasizes the  validity  ( = truth or rightness )  of the claim.  
Validity  is used especially about matters of reason or logic, with words like  theory, argument  and  claim  (especially when it is sb's claim to have a right to sth).  Substantiate  can also be used in this way, but it can also be used about matters of fact, with words like  story  and  claim , when it is a claim about a fact.

evidence [ T ,  usually passive ] ( formal )  
to be evidence of sth, especially of a general fact about sth, or a trend  ( = a general direction in which a situation is changing or developing )
The legal profession is still a largely male world,  as evidenced by  the small number of women judges.

corroborate [ T ,  often passive ] ( formal )  
to provide evidence that supports a claim or theory, especially when sb has been accused of doing sth wrong
Complaints will be investigated only if there is some corroborating evidence.

authenticate [ T ]  
to prove that sth such as a document is genuine, real or true
Experts have authenticated the writing as that of Byron himself.

testify to sth  phrasal verb  ( formal )  
to be considered as strong evidence that sth is true
The film testifies to the courage of ordinary people during the war.

confirm [ T ] 确定，确认，验证
to show that a guess or theory is definitely true or correct
证明猜测或理论明确地是真的或正确的
The results confirm the findings of our earlier research.
结果验证了我们较早时候的研究的发现。
OPP disprove , refute
反义词：反驳，驳倒
support [ T ] 支撑，支持
to help to show that a claim or theory is true or correct
帮助证明断言或理论是真的或正确的
The witness\'s story was not supported by the evidence.
并没有证据支持证人的说辞。

confirm   
[kənˈfə:m]
vt. 1 证实, 证明; 肯定, 确认 2 使巩固, 加强 3 批准; 认可
   
support   
[səˈpɔ:t]
vt. 1 支撑; 撑扶; 托住; 支持 2 维持 3 赞助; 赞成; 供养 4 经常光顾; 为…捧场 5 忍受
n. 1 支撑, 承受, 支持, 赞助 2 支撑物, 支柱, 支座, 支架 3 给予帮助[同情]的人 4 支持者, 拥护者     

bear witness   
v. 作证,证明   

substantiate   
[səbˈstænʃieit]
vt. 用事实支持(某主张、说法等); 证明, 证实   

validate   
[ˈvælideit]
vt. 1 证实; 确证 2 使生效; 使有法律效力
   
evidence   
[ˈevidəns]
n. 证词; 证据; 迹象   

corroborate   
[kəˈrɔbəreit]
vt. 证实, 支持(某种说法、信仰、理论等)
   
authenticate   
[ɔ:ˈθentikeit]
vt. 证明是真实的、可靠的或有效的
   
testify to sth   
证明,证实   

The results confirm the findings of our earlier research.
结果证明了我们之前的研究发现。

The witness's story was not supported by the evidence.
目击者的证词与证据不相符。

The crowd of mourners at his funeral bore witness to the great affection in which he was held
葬礼上拥挤的哀悼者说明他极受爱戴。

They made accusations which could not be substantiated.
他们提出的指控不成立。

The research findings do not validate the claims made by the manufacturer.
研究结果不能证明制造商的主张。

The legal profession is still a largely male world, as evidenced by the small number of women judges.
女法官依然很少说明法律职业仍然是男人的世界。

Complaints will be investigated only if there is some corroborating evidence.
如果有证据支持，投诉将被调查。

Experts have authenticated the writing as that of Byron himself.
专家证明这是拜伦的真迹。

The film testifies to the courage of ordinary people during the war.
这个电影证明了战争中，人民的勇气。