小林老师考研英语｜状语

一、连词引导的从句充当状语

例如：when, because, if, untill, once, whatever, however, as, lest, while, for

[例句] However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behavior became markedly different. (2005-1-3)

[例句] Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don't always think about the emotional significance of the day’s events - until, it appears, we begin to dream. (2005-3-3)

[例句] The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25 %-0.5% of GDP.(2002-3-4)

[例句] They show that, if you lump manufacturing and services together, productivity hasgrown on average by 1.2% since 1987. (1998-2-2)

[例句] Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology.(2007-1-3)

[例句] Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line forlunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself.(2002-1-2)

[例句] Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. (2007-2-4)

[例句] In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person "encodes" the information. (2007-1-4)

[例句] But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us. (2000-2-3)

[例句] But somewhere from the 19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring, as we went from Wordsworth's daffodils to Baudelaire's flowers of evil. (2006-4-2)

[例句] There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awakenus to the growing threat of global warming. (2005-2-2)

[例句] They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal right misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth.(2003-2-4)

[例句] While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline - after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late 80s - and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle-class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives. (2001-5-5)

[例句] When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonabletheir principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they maybe regarded as normal. (2000-3-1)

[例句] With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be - even admitting that the theory on whichit is based may be right - it can hardly be classed as Literature.(2000-3-1)

[例句] Straitford's briefs do not sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, where by agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong.(2003-1-5)

二、省略形式的状语从句（被省略的主语与主句的主语相一致）

[例句] But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today's social indices hardly suggest a dark and social environment. (2006-1-6)

[例句] When assured that they do, she replied, “Then I would have to say yes."  (2003-2-2)

[例句] Scientists tend to forget this when writing their cut and dried reports for the technicaljournals, but history is filled with examples of it. (1999-5-2)

[例句] The current state of affairs may have been encouraged - thoughnot justified - by the lack of legal penalty (in America, but not Europe) for data leakage.(2007-4-5)

[例句] Although happily employed, Redmon maintains his agent at Career Builder. (2004-1-5)

[例句] In May, Julie Nimmons, president of Schutt Sports in Illinois, successfully fought a lawsuit involving a football player who was paralyzed in a game while wearing a Schutt helmet. (1999-1-3)

[例句] While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress testtaking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression. (2000-4-3)

[例句] In the past decade, the Japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter. (2000-4-4)

[例句] As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people's lives. (2003-4-5)

[例句] A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. (2000-1-1)

[例句] Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. (1997-2-3)

三、现在分词短语充当状语

[例句] Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. (2002-1-1)

[例句] Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web.(2007-2-3)

四、现在分词短语充当伴随状语

[例句] Injust one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. (2007-3-2)

[例句] Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. (2006-3-3)

[例句] Ravitch's latest book, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.(2004-4-2)

[例句] If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line.(2003-3-4)

[例句] But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. (2002-2-5)

[例句] When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. (2000-1-1)

[例句] Feeling threatened, companies responded by - writing ever-longer warning labels, trying to anticipate every possible accident. (1999-1-1)

[例句] In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to "push" information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers.(1999-2-3)

[例句] His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have appliedre-engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability. (1998-2-5)

[例句] Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception, distorting and altering it in avariety of ways including producing hallucinations. (1997-3-3)

[例句] Today's vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. (2006-3-3)

[例句] In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into super systems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. (2003-3-1)

五、过去分词短语充当状语

[例句] Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that canpossibly be done for us, even if it's useless. (2003-4-2)

[例句] Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. (2005-4-4)

[例句] Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss's agenda in businesses of every variety. (2007-4-1)

[例句] The grand mediocrity of today - everyone being the same in survivaland number of offspring - means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes.(2000-2-2)

六、介词短语充当状语

[例句] By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. (2001-1-1)

[例句] For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence. (1997-2-2)

[例句] This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.(2004-2-1)

[例句] But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore  have them by the throat. (2003-3-2)

[例句] No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. (2000-2-3)

[例句] The growth of specialization in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. (2001-1-2)

[例句] When a Scottish research team startled the world by revealing 3 months ago that ithad cloned an adult sheep, President Clinton moved swiftly. (1999-4-1)

[例句] For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to asavings-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. (2007- 3-3)

七、动词不定式短语充当状语

[例句] Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another with Wall Street cheering them on. (2003-3-5)

[例句] Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty.(2002-2-1)

[例句] Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients' pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient. (2002-4-3)

[例句] Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. (2003-2-4)