词缀根据其在单词中的位置分为三类,前缀,中缀和后缀。这里就来谈一下考研英语词汇中经常出现的几种词缀形式。
1.表示否定意义的前缀
1) 纯否定前缀
a-, ab-,如 asymmetry, abnormal
dis-,如 disinterested, dishonest, dislike, disability
in-, ig-, il, im, ir,如 inconsistent, inability, ignoble, impossible, immoral, illegal, irregular, illegal
un-,如 unable, unemployment, unqualified
2)表示错误的意义
mal-,如malfunction
mis-,如 mistake, mislead, misapprehend,misbehave
3)表示反动作的意思
de-,如 defend, demodulation, deconstruction, decontrol
dis-,如 disarm, disconnect, disable, disaccord, disagree
un-,如 unload, uncover, unacknowledged, unbalanced
4)表示相反,相互对立意思
anti-, 如 antiknock, anti-imperialism,
contra-, contre-, contro- 如contradiction, contraceptive, contraclockwise
counter,如 counter-reaction,counterbalance, counter-revolutionary
2. 暗示名词词性的后缀
(1) 具有某种职业或动作的人
-an, -ain, 如American, historian
-ant,-ent, 如 merchant, agent, servant, student
-ar,-er, -or,如 scholar, liar, peddler,banker, observer, Londoner,
villager, educator, speculator
-arian, 表示“……派别的人, ……主义的人”,如humanitarian,
vegetarian
-ary, 如 secretary, missionary
-ee, 表示“动作承受者”,如employee, examinee
-eer, 表示“从事于……人”,如engineer, volunteer
-ess, 表示“阴性人称名词 ”,如actress, hostess, manageress
-eur, 表示“……家”,如 amateur, littérateur
-ian, 表示“……地方人,信仰…….教的人,从事……职业的人”
如Christian, physician,musician,electrician, magician, technician
-ic, 表示“……者,……师”,如 mechanic, critic
-ist, 表示“从事……研究者,信仰……主义者”,如pianist,
communist, dentist, artist, chemist
(2). 构成具有抽象意义的名词
-acy, 如 accuracy, diplomacy
-al,如 refusal, arrival, survival, denial, approval,manual, signal,
editorial, journal
-ance, -ence,如endurance, importance, diligence, difference,
obedience
-ancy, -ency, 如frequency, urgency, efficiency
-bility, 如possibility, feasibility
-cy, 如bankruptcy,supremacy
-ery, -ry, 如bravery, bribery, rivalry
-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 一般放在动词之后,如action,
solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction
-ity, 一般放在形容词之后,如 purity, reality, ability, calamity
-ment, 一般放在动词之后,如treatment, movement, judgment,
punishment, argument
-ness, 一般放在形容词之后,如goodness, kindness, tiredness,
friendliness
-th, 如depth, wealth, truth, length, growth
-ure, 一般放在动词之后,如 exposure, pressure, failure,
procedure
以上提到的几种词缀是我们在阅读过程中经常遇到的词汇的词缀,知道这些词缀表示的含义,对于我们识别陌生词汇的词性,推测词汇的含义有着重要的作用。如果大家想了解更多考研英语词汇记忆方法,可以登录文都网校,参考研究生考试英语相关课程。
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