prince
| 词义
| ① 王子；王孙；亲王；（小国的）国王；（某些欧洲国家的）贵族
② a man who is thought to be one of the best in a particular field（某一领域的）杰出人物；佼佼者［+of / among sth］
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principal
| 词义
| ① most important; main最重要的；主要的
② head teacher校长
③［单数］ an amount of money that you lend to sb or invest to earn interests本金；资本
④ the person who has the important part in a play, an opera, etc主要演员，主角
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principle
| 词义
| ① a moral rule or a strong belief that influences your actions道德原则；行为规范
② a belief that is accepted as a reason for acting or thinking in a particular way观念；（行动或思想的）理由，信条
③ a law, a rule or a theory that sth is based on法则，原则，原理
④ a general or scientific law that explains how sth works or why sth happens定律；工作原理
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例句
| Plenty of good writers don't use outlines at all but discover ordering principles as they write. 很多优秀作家根本不列提纲，而是边写边发现写作原理。(2008阅读part B）
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primary
| 词义
| ① main; most important; basic主要的，首要的，基本的［近prime］
② developing or happening first, earliest最初的；最早的
③ 初等教育的；小学教育的
④（美国）初选［近primary election］
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例句
| ...a backup earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick.当家庭主要经济支柱失业或生病时，候补者（通常是母亲）可以出去工作。（2007阅读Text 3）
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prime
| 词义
| ① main; most important; basic主要的，首要的，基本的［近primary］
② of the best quality; excellent优质的；优异的
③typical典型的
④ most likely to be chosen for sth; most suitablle首选的；最适宜的
⑤［单数］ the time in your life when you are strongest or most successful盛年，鼎盛时期
⑥ to prepare sb for a situation so that they know what to do, esp. by giving them special information事先指点；使（某人）做好准备
［+ sb (for/with sb)］ ［近brief］
⑦ to make sth ready for use or action把（某物）准备好
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例句
| The prime difference between innovation and others is one of approach.创新者与其他人的主要区别在于处理问题的方法。(1994阅读Passage 5)
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primeval
| 词义
| ① from the earlies period of the history of the world, very ancient远古的，原始的
② (of a feeling or desire) very strong and as if from the earliest period human life原始本能的
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primitive
| 词义
| ① ［常用于名词前］belonging to an early stage in the development of humans or animals远古的，原始的
② (of a feeling or desire) very strong and as if from the earliest period human life原始本能的［近primeval］
③ very simple and oldfashioned, esp. when it is also not convenient and comfortable发展水平低的，落后的
④文艺复兴前的艺术家（或作品）； 原始派作家（或作品）
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例句
| In primitive societies adolescence is frequently a relatively short period of time.原始社会中，青春期通常是相当短的一段时期。(1991阅读Text 2)
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comprehend
| 词义
| ［常用于否定句］to understand sth fully理解，领悟
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comprise
| 词义
| ①［不用于进行时］to have sb/sth as parts or members; to consist of sb/sth 包括；由……组成［近be comprised of］
② to be the parts or members that form sth 是……的组成部分；组成，构成［近make up］
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enterprise
| 词义
| ① a company or business公司，企业，事业单位
② the development of business by the people of a country rather than by the government企业发展；企业经营
③ a large project, esp. one that is difficult（尤指艰巨而重大的）规划，事业［近venture］
④ the ability to think of new projects and make them successful［褒］进取心，创业精神
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deprive
| 词义
| to prevent sb from having or doing sth, esp. sth important剥夺；使丧失［+sb/sth of sth］
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例句
| The Aswan Dam, for example, stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left. 以阿斯旺大坝为例，它阻止了尼罗河洪水泛滥，但也使埃及失去了洪水冲击过后留下的肥沃土壤。（1998阅读Text 1）
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privilege
| 词义
| ① special right or advantage that a particular person or group has特殊利益，优惠待遇
②［用单数］ sth that you are proud and lucky to have the opportunity to do荣幸，荣耀［近honour］
③ to give sb/sth special right or advantages that others do not have 给予特权；特别优待
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例句
| “Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,” writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in AntiIntellectualism in American Life.“才智被当作一种权力和特权而遭到厌弃，”历史学家理查德·霍夫斯坦特教授在《美国生活中的反才智主义》中这样写道。（2004 阅读Text 4）
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approach
| 词义
| ① to come near to sb/sth in distance or time（在距离、时间上）接近，靠近
② to come close to sth in amount, level or quality（数额、水平或质量上）接近
③ to speak to sb about sth, esp. to make an offer or a request接洽，建议，要求［+sb (about/for sth); +sb(about doing sth)］
④ to start dealing with a problem, task, etc着手处理，对付
⑤［用单数］（距离和时间上的）接近，靠近
⑥ a path, road, etc that leads to a place; the part of an aircrafts flight immediately before landing路径，道路；（飞机）进场着陆
⑦［用单数］a thing that is like sth else that is mentioned相似的事物
⑧ 接洽，建议，要求（行为）
⑨
a way of dealing with sb/sth方式，方法，态度［+(to sth)］
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approximate
| 词义
| ① almost correct or accurate but not exact近似的，大约的
② to be similar or close to sth in nature, quality, amount, etc but not exactly the same近似［+(to) sth］
③
to estimate sth accurately近似计算，估算
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例句
| Still, Jefferson freed Hemings's children-though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves.但是，杰佛逊给了赫明斯的孩子自由——虽然没有给她本人和其他近150名奴隶自由。（2008阅读Text 4）
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reproach
| 词义
| ①
blame or criticism for sth you have done责备，批评
②
a word or remark expressing blame or criticism责备、批评的话语
③
a state of shame or loss of honor羞耻，丢脸
④ ［用单数］a person or thing that brings shame on sb/sth（给……）带来羞辱的人或事［+(to sb/sth)］
⑤ to blame or criticize sb责备，批评，指责［+sb(for sth)/(with sth)］
⑥ to feel guilty about sth自责，内疚［+oneself(for sth)/(with sth)］
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acquire
| 词义
| ① to gain sth by your own efforts, ability or behavior（通过努力、能力、行为表现）得到，获得
② to obtain sth by buying or being given it购得，得到
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例句
| Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. 然而铁路公司继续贷款数十亿美元来进行相互收购，华尔街则在一旁打气叫好。（2003 阅读Text 3）
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enquiry/
inquiry
| 词义
| ① a request for information about sb/sth; a question about sb/sth询问，打听［+(from sb) (about sb/sth)］
②
an official process to find out the cause of sth or to find out information about sth调查，查问［+(into sth)］
③ the act of asking questions or collecting information about sb/sth查询，探索
④［用复数］a place where you can get information问讯处
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例句
| Make inquiries as to the details regarding the job and the firm.询问所有与这个工作或公司相关的细节。(1996阅读Text 1)
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quest
| 词义
| to search for sth, esp. sth that is difficult to find; a long search of this kind寻找，探索，追求［+(for sth)］
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request
| 词义
| ①（正式或礼貌的）要求，请求［+ (for sth), + (that... )］
② a thing that you formally ask for要求的事
③（正式或礼貌地）要求，请求［+ sth (from sb), +sb to do, +that］
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require
| 词义
| ① to need sth; to depend on sb/sth需要；依靠，依赖
②［常用被动］ to make sb do or have sth, esp. because it is necessary according to a particular law or set of rules使做（某事），使拥有（某物），（尤指根据法规）要求，规定［+sth (of sb)］
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radiant
| 词义
| ①［只用于名词前］sent out in rays from a central point辐射的，放射的
②giving a warm bright light灿烂的，光芒四射的
③showing great happiness, love or health喜气洋洋的，容光焕发的［+(with sth)］
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radiate
| 词义
| ① (of lines, etc.) to spread out in all directions from a central point（直线等）自中心辐射出，向周围伸展［+ad./prep.］
② if sth radiates heat, light or energy, or heat, etc radiates from sth, the heat etc is sent out in all directions（使热，光，能量）辐射，发散
③ if a person radiates a particular quality or emotion, or if it radiates from sb, people can see it very clearly（使品质或情感）显露，流露
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radical
| 词义
| ① concerning the most basic and important parts of sth, thorough and complete根本的，彻底的，完全的［同fundamental］
② new, different and likely to have a great effect全新的，不同凡想的
③ (of opinions, ideas, leaders etc) support thorough and complete social or political change (观点、想法、领导人等)激进的，极端的
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例句
| Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reforms. 麦荷特先生认为正式语言并非不可或缺，也没有提出要进行彻底的教育改革。(2005阅读Text 4)
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radio
| 词义
| ① 无线电广播（节目）；无线电传送（通讯）
② 收音机；无线电收发报机
③ to send a massage to sb by a radio（用无线电）发送
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radius
| 词义
| ① 半径（长度）
② a circular area that covers the distance mentioned from a central point半径周围，范围
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