我每天看的英文文献摘要

1: J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2009 Sep 10. [Epub ahead of print]

Interrelations Between Executive Function and Symptoms of Hyperactivity/Impulsivity and Inattention in Preschoolers: A Two-Year Longitudinal Study.学龄前期儿童执行控制操作和ADHD症状的相互关系：一个两年的纵向研究

Brocki KC, Eninger L, Thorell LB, Bohlin G.

Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 1225, Uppsala, 751 42, Sweden, Karin.Brocki@psyk.uu.se.


The present study, including children at risk for developing Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), examined the idea that complex executive functions (EFs) build upon more simple ones. This notion was applied in the study of longitudinal interrelations between core EF components - simple and complex inhibition, selective attention, and working memory (WM) - at age 5 and 6 as well as their predictive relations to ADHD symptoms at age 7. The results showed that simple inhibition and selective attention at age 5 independently predicted complex inhibition and WM at age 6. In addition, EFs primarily predicted symptoms of inattention rather than hyperactivity/impulsivity even at this young age. Finally, age 6 complex inhibition was shown to act as a mediator in the relations between simple inhibition and selective attention at age 5 and symptoms of inattention at age 7. These findings provide novel longitudinal support for the theory that fundamental EF components show a progression with age toward more complex executive control (see Garon et al. Psychological Bulletin 134(1):31-60 2008). Further, complex inhibition, implicating both inhibition and WM, seems to be a particularly strong correlate of ADHD symptoms in young children and should as such be the focus of future studies examining the relation between cognitive function and ADHD symptoms from a developmental perspective.
PMID: 19763816 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Re:我每天看的英文文献摘要
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Cross-national prevalence and correlates of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
成人ADHD的跨国家流行学和相互关系

摘要: Background Little is known about the epidemiology of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Aims To estimate the prevalence and correlates of DSM-IV adult ADHD in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Survey Initiative. Method An ADHD screen was administered to respondents aged 18-44 years in ten countries in the Americas, Europe and the Middle East (n=11422). Masked clinical reappraisal interviews were administered to 154 US respondents to calibrate the screen. Multiple imputation was used to estimate prevalence and correlates based on the assumption of cross-national calibration comparability. Results Estimates of ADHD prevalence averaged 3.4% (range 1.2-7.3%), with lower prevalence in lower-income countries (1.9%) compared with higher-income countries (4.2%). Adult ADHD often co-occurs with other DSM-IV disorders and is associated with considerable role disability. Few cases are treated for ADHD, but in many cases treatment is given for comorbid disorders. Conclusions Adult ADHD should be considered more seriously in future epidemiological and clinical studies than is currently the case.

文献类型: Article

语言: English

KeyWords Plus: WORLD-HEALTH-ORGANIZATION; COMORBIDITY SURVEY REPLICATION; DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; MENTAL-DISORDERS; SELF-RATINGS; ADHD; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DEPRESSION; DIAGNOSIS

通讯作者地址: Fayyad, J (通讯作者), Balamand Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat & Clin Psychol, IDRAAC,St George Hosp Univ, POB 166378, Beirut 11002807, Lebanon

地址: 1. Balamand Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat & Clin Psychol, IDRAAC,St George Hosp Univ, Beirut 11002807, Lebanon 2. Netherlands Inst Mental Hlth & Addict, Utrecht, Netherlands 3. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Care Policy, Boston, MA 02115 USA 4. Inst Municipal Invest Med, Hlth Serv Res Unit, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain 5. Univ Leipzig, Dept Psychiat, D-7010 Leipzig, Germany 6. AUSL Bologna, Dept Mental Hlth, Bologna, Italy 7. Fdn San Joan de Deu, Sant Joan de Deu SSM, Barcelona, Spain 8. Univ Autonoma Metropolitana, Inst Nacl Psiquiatria, Mexico City, DF Mexico 9. Hosp Fernand Widal, Paris, France 10. Univ Groningen, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Groningen, Netherlands 11. Univ Groningen, Med Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Bioinformat, Groningen, Netherlands 12. Colegio Mayor Cundinamarca Univ, Saldarriaga Concha Fdn, Bogota, Colombia 13. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Care Policy, Boston, MA 02115 USA

电子邮件地址: jfayyad@idraac.org

出版商: ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRISTS, BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 17 BELGRAVE SQUARE, LONDON SW1X 8PG, ENGLAND

学科类别: Psychiatry

IDS 号: 166LP

ISSN: 0007-1250

DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.106.034389