6. \"There is particular interest in the coming decade, which represents a key planning horizon for infrastructure upgrades, insurance, energy policy and business development,\" Smith and his co-authors noted.The real heat will start after 2009, they said. 20\'
4. A forecast of the next decade is particularly useful, because climate could be dominated over this period by these natural changes, rather than human-caused global warming, study author Douglas Smith said by telephone. 15\'
5. In research published in the journal Science, Smith and his colleagues predicted that the next three or four years would show little warming despite an overall forecast that saw warming over the decade. 15\'
8. Factoring in the natural variability of ocean currents and temperature fluctuations yielded an accurate picture, the researchers found. This differed from other models which mainly considered human-caused climate change. 15\'
11. Soot, mostly from burning coal, reduces the reflectivity of snow and ice, letting Earth\'s surface absorb more solar energy and possibly resulting in earlier snow melts and exposure of much darker underlying soil, rock and sea ice. This in turn led to warming across much of the Arctic region. 20\'
12. At its height from 1906 to 1910, estimated warming from soot on Arctic snow was eight times that of the pre-industrial era, the researchers said. 10\'
3. To make this kind of prediction, researchers at Britain\'s Met Office - which deals with meteorology - made a computer model that takes into account such natural
phenomena as the El Nino pattern in the Pacific Ocean and other fluctuations in ocean circulation and heat content. 20\'
[s:10] 7. Until then, the natural forces will offset the expected warming caused by human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels, which releases the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide.To check their models, the scientists used a series of \"hindcasts\" - forecasts that look back in time - going back to 1982, and compared what their models predicted with what actually occurred. 30\'
10. In another climate change article in the online journal Science Express, U.S. researchers reported that soot from industry and forest fires had a dramatic impact on the Arctic climate, starting around the time of the Industrial Revolution. Industrial pollution brought a seven-fold increase in soot - also known as black carbon - in Arctic snow during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, scientists at the Desert Research Institute found. 35\'
