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目录 封面
内容简介
目录
第一部分 历年真题
2014年全国职称英语等级考试卫生类B级真题及详解
2013年全国职称英语等级考试卫生类B级真题及详解
2012年全国职称英语等级考试卫生类B级真题及详解
2011年全国职称英语等级考试卫生类B级真题及详解
2010年全国职称英语等级考试卫生类B级真题及详解
第二部分 章节题库
第1章 词汇选项
◆动 词
◆名 词
◆形容词
◆副 词
◆固定词组
第2章 阅读判断
◆科普科研类
◆经济商业类
◆教育文化类
◆历史地理类
◆社会问题类
第3章 概括大意与完成句子
◆科普科研类
◆经济商业类
◆教育文化类
◆人物记述类
◆历史地理类
◆资源环境类
第4章 阅读理解
◆科普科研类
◆经济商业类
◆教育文化类
◆历史地理类
◆人物记述类
◆资源环境类
◆医学疾病类
◆社会生活类
第5章 补全短文
◆科普科研类
◆经济商业类
◆教育文化类
◆人物记述类
◆资源环境类
◆医疗健康类
第6章 完形填空
◆科普科研类
◆经济商业类
◆教育文化类
◆资源环境类
◆社会生活类
第三部分 模拟试题
2015年全国职称英语等级考试卫生类B级模拟试题及详解（一）
2015年全国职称英语等级考试卫生类B级模拟试题及详解（二）
内容简介
??职称英语卫生类B级考试题库包括历年真题、章节练习和模拟试题三部分。具体如下：
??第一部分为历年真题。精选5年（2010～2014年）考试真题，考生既可以体验真实考试，也可以测试自己的水平。每道真题均提供名师详细解析。最新历年真题，可免费升级获得。
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??第三部分为模拟试题。由职称英语（卫生类）辅导名师根据历年命题规律及热门考点进行考前预测，其试题数量、试题难度完全仿真。
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第一部分 历年真题
2014年全国职称英语等级考试卫生类B级真题及详解
第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)
下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. Londonquickly became a flourishing port.
A. major
B. large
C. successful
D. commercial
2. It was a magic night until the spell wasbroken.
A. charm
B. time
C. space
D. opportunity
3. They are trying to identify what is wrongwith the present system.
A. prove
B. discover
C. consider
D. imagine
4. The committee was asked to render a report onthe housing situation.
A. copy
B. publish
C. summarize
D. furnish
5.Afterwards there was just a feeling of let-down.
A. excitement
B. anger
C. calm
D. disappointment
6.His stomach felt hollow with fear.
A. sincere
B. respectful
C. empty
D. terrible
7.His knowledge of French is fair.
A. very useful
B. very limited
C. quite good
D. rather special
8.The curriculum was too narrow and too rigid.
A. inflexible
B. hidden
C. traditional
D. official
9.Several windows had been smashed.
A. cleaned
B. broken
C. replaced
D. fixed
10. She felt that she had done her good deed forthe day.
A. homework
B. act
C. justice
D. model
11.His professional career spanned 16 years.
A. lasted
B. started
C. changed
D. moved
12. The worst agonies of the war were nowbeginning.
A. parts
B. aspects
C. pains
D. results
13. The group does not advocate the use ofviolence.
A. limit
B. regulate
C. oppose
D. support
14.The majority of people around here are decent.
A. real
B. honest
C. normal
D. wealthy
15.He led a very moral life.
A. human
B. honourable
C. intelligent
D. natural
第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题l分，共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
Some Schooling on Backpacks
According to the U. S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, 5,900kids were treated at hospital emergency rooms, clinics, and doctors’ officeslast year for sprains (扭伤) and strains caused by back-packs. Such injuries areso widespread that more than 70 percent of physicians surveyed by the AmericanAcademy of Orthopedic(整形外科的)Surgeons listed backpacks as a potential clinicalproblem for children.
How do you avoid such problems? Choose bags that have wide, paddedstraps(有垫的背带)and a belt. That will help transfer some of the weight from theback and shoulders to the hips. You should also tighten both straps firmly, sothe pack rests about 2 inches above your waist. Also, remember to pack your bagwith the heaviest items closest to your back and to bend both knees when youpick it up.
How much should you stuff into your pack? That depends on yoursize and strength, but a general rule is not to exceed 20 percent of your bodyweight. So if a child weights 100 pounds, the backpack and its load should notbe more than 20 pounds. One hint: Make frequent trips to your locker(储物柜) to exchange books between classes.
Backpacks with wheels let you pull the weight along the ground,but they have problems too. Many are larger than the average shoulder bag, sostudents are tempted to carry more than they would in a conventional pack.
Roller bags often don’t fit into a locker. They can also lead totripping and falls in crowded halls. Whatever you use, 10 or 15 minutes ofstretching and back strengthening is a good idea
16. About six thousand American kids were injured bycarrying backpacks last year.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
17. 70percent of UK physicians have treated children with sprains and strains.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
18. Backpacks with wide, padded straps and a belt canhelp to avoid problems of sprains and strains.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
19. A 100-pound child should carry a backpack of morethan 20 pounds.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
20.Children should put all the books in their lockers.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
21. Roller bags tend to be heavier than ordinarybackpack.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
22. A 10-15 minutes’ exercise will help you bear aheavier backpack.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意和完成句子(第23～30题，每题l分，共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第l～4段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
Aromatherapy (芳香疗法)
1. Aromatherapy is a form of alternative medicine which is basedon the use of very concentrated “essential” oils from the flowers, leaves,bark, branches or roots of plants which are considered to have healingproperties. In aromatherapy these powerful oils are mixed with other oils, suchas almond (杏仁) oil, or they are diluted(稀释)with water. These solutions(溶液剂)can be rubbed on the skin, sprayed in the air, or applied as acompress(敷药).
2. Many people have aromatherapy massages(按摩), and depending on the treatment a person is having, the aromatherapist will massage the oil into the hands or shoulders. The massage issmooth and flowing, as it is designed to create a sense of relaxation and calm.The sessions are tailored to the individual’s health and mood at the time, soevery session is unique.
3. Practioners of aromatherapy believe that the aroma of the“essential” oils directly stimulates the brain or that the oils are absorbedthrough the skin into the bloodstream, where they can affect the whole body andpromote healing. Other claims in support of aromatherapy are that it aidsdigestion, improves the functioning of respiratory system, reduces muscularaches and pains, and promotes muscle relaxation and tone. It has also beenargued that aromatherapy can improve circulation, lower blood pressure, andhelp combat insomnia(失眠) and other stress-related disorders such as tensionheadaches, anxiety, and mild depression.
4. However, while aromatherapy may have real effects that promotea sense of well-being, some traditional medicine practitioners remain doubtfulabout its powers. While research has confirmed that aromatherapy does have somepositive short-term effects on most people, it also suggests that aromatherapyis not an actual science or medicine that should be used to treat illness.Furthermore, not all aromatherapy is considered beneficial to health. There areprecautions which should be taken before having aromatherapy because some oilscan have negative effects on people with certain medical conditions. The studyof aromatherapy is relatively new and unexplored. More research needs to beconducted to make scientific conclusions about its use and effects.
23.Paragraph 1 _____
24.Paragraph 2 _____
25.Paragraph 3 _____
26.Paragraph 4 _____
| A. Current Research into Aromatherapy
B. Aromatherapy and Conventional Medicine
C. Different Views about Aromatherapy
D. Introduction to Aromatherapy
E. Doubts about the Benefits of Aromatherapy
F. Personalized Aromatherapy Massage
|
27. Aromatherapy is a mixture oil from parts of theplants to _____.
28. The sessions of aromatherapy massages are designedto _____.
29.Aromatherapy is believed to _____ in various ways.
30.The used and benefits of aromatherapy need to _____.
A. suit different people
B. be further explored
C. help the disabled
D. be used externally
E. have healing effects
F. be promoted
|
第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇 Approaches to Understanding Intelligences
It pays to be smart, hut we are not all smart in the same way. Youmay be a talented musician, but you might not be a good reader. Each of us isdifferent.
Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what aretalents or personal abilities. Psychologists have two different views onintelligence. Some believe there is one general intelligence. Others believethere are many different intelligences.
Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that canbe measured with IQ tests. These psychologists support their view with researchthat concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental abilitydo well on other tests. They do well on tests using words, numbers or pictures.They do well on individual or group tests, and written or oral tests. Those whodo poorly on one test, do the same on all tests.
Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis forgeneral intelligence. The brains of intelligence people use less energy duringproblem solving. The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show aquicker reaction. Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligenceresult from differences in the speed and effectiveness of informationprocessing by the brain.
Howard Gardner, a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education,has four children. He believes that all children are different and shouldn’t betested by one intelligence test. Although Gardnerbelieves general intelligence exists, he doesn’t think it tells much about thetalents of a person outside of formal schooling. He thinks that the human mindhas different intelligences. These intelligences al- low us to solve the kindsof problems we are presented with in life. Each of’ us has different abilitieswithin these intelligences. Gardnerbelieves that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of allof our intelligences.
Gardner says that his theory is based on biology. For example,when one part of the brain is injured, other parts of the brain still Work.People who cannot talk because of brain damage can still sing. So, there is notjust one intelligence to lose. Gardner has identified 8 different kinds ofintelligence: linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, interpersonal,intrapersonal, body-kinesthetic(身体动觉的), and naturalistic.
31.What is the main idea of this passage?
A. How to understand intelligence.
B. The importance of intelligence.
C. The development of intelligence tests.
D. How to become intelligent.
32. Which of the following statements is trueconcerning general intelligence?
A. Most intelligent people do well on some intelligence tests.
B. People doing well on one type of intelligence test do well onother tests.
C. Intelligent people do not do well on group tests.
D. Intelligent people do better on written tests than on oraltests.
33. Gardnerbelieves that ______.
A. children have different intelligences
B. all children are alike
C. children should take one intelligence test
D. there is no general intelligence
34. According to Gardner,schools should ______.
A. test students’ IQs
B. train students who do poorly on tests
C. focus on finding the most intelligent students
D. promote development of all intelligences
35. Gardnerthinks that his theory has a ______.
A. musical foundation
B. biological foundation
C. intrapersonal foundation
D. linguistic foundation
第二篇 The Worker’s Role in Management
Traditionally, it has been the worker’s role to work andmanagement’s role to mange. Managers have planned and directed the firm’soperation with little thought of consulting the labor force. Managers haverarely felt compelled(被迫的)to obtain the worker’s opinions or to explain theirdecisions to their employees. At most, companies have provided “suggestionboxes” in which workers could place ideas for improving procedures. In recentyears, however, many management specialists have been arguing that workers aremore than sellers of labor—they have a vital stake in the company and may be ableto make significant contributions to its management. Furthermore, major companydecisions profoundly affect workers and their dependents. This is particularlytrue of plant closings, which may put thousands on the unemployment lines.Should workers, then, play a stronger role in management?
Workers should have a role in management. At the very least, thelabor force should be informed of major policy decisions (A common complaintamong rank-and-file workers is the lack of information about company policies andactions). Between 1980 and 1985 about five million workers were the victims ofplant closings and permanent layoffs(失业), often with no warning. At least 90 day’s notice ought to begiven in such instances so that workers have time to adjust. Management shouldconsult workers before closing a plant, because the workers might be able tosuggest ways of improving productivity and reducing costs and might be willingto make concessions that will help keep the plant operating.
It should become a general practice to include workers in somemanagerial decision making. There ought to be representatives of the workers onthe firm’s board of directors or other major policymaking groups. Ifrank-and-file workers are given a voice in the planning and management of thework flow, they will help to make improvements, their morale will rise, andtheir productivity will increase. As a further incentive, they must be given ashare in the company’s profits. This can be done through employeestockownership plans, bonuses, or rewards for efficiency and productivity.Finally, when a plant can no longer operate at a profit, the workers should begiven the opportunity to purchase the plant and run it themselves.
36.It can be inferred from Paragraph 1 that managers ______.
A. were not qualified
B. seldom obtain workers opinion
C. dislike “suggestion boxes”
D. never consulted the labor force
37. In recent years, many management specialists havebeen arguing that workers ______.
A. should have a say in management of the company
B. are no longer sellers of the products
C. are less affected by company decisions than before
D. are able to make final decisions for the company
38.The word rank-and-file Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. senior
B. ordinary
C. intelligent
D. capable
39. According to the passage, what happened between 1980and 1985?
A. About five million workers were laid off without advancenotice.
B. Managers consulted workers before closing a plant.
C. Workers did not make necessary concession.
D. Many companies were closed because of strikes.
40. If not given a voice in managerial decision makingworkers ______.
A. may lack the incentive to increase their productivity
B. cannot get a share in the company’s profits
C. can still get bonuses for efficiency and productivity
D. will not have the opportunity to purchase the plant
第三篇 Obesity(肥胖) in the Western World
Obesity is rapidly becoming a new problem of the western world,delegates agreed at the 11th European Conference on the issue in Vienna Wednesday toSaturday. According to statements before the opening of the conference—of 2,000 specialists from more than 50 countries—1.2 billion people world-wide are overweight, and 250 million areobese.
Professor Bernhard Ludvik of Vienna General Hospitalsaid: “Obesity is a chronic illness. In Germany, 20 per cent of the peopleare already affected, but in Japan only one per cent. “But he said that therewas hope for sufferers thanks to the new scientific discoveries and medication.
Professor Friedrich Hopichler of Salzberg said: “We are living inthe new age (but) with the metabolism(新陈代谢) of a stone-age man.” “I have just been to the United States.It is really terrible. A pizza shop is springing up on every comer. We havebeen overrun by fast food and Coca-Cola-ization.” Many of the experts stressedthat obesity was a potential killer. Hopichler said, “Eighty percent of alldiabetics are obese, also fifty per cent of all patients with high bloodpressure and fifty per cent with adipose(脂肪的) tissue complaints.” “Ten per cent more weight means thirteen percent more risk of heart disease. Reducing one’s weight by ten per cent leads tothirteen per cent lower blood pressure.”
Another expert Hermann Toplak said that the state health servicesshould improve their financing of preventive programs. “Though the healthinsurance pays for surgery (such as reducing the size of the stomach) when thebody-mass index is more than 40. That is equivalent to a weight of 116kilograms for a height of 1.70 meters. One should start earlier.”
Ludvik said that prevention should begin in school. “Child obesity(fat deposits) correlates(与……相关) with the time which children spend in front of TVsets.”
The consequences were only apparent later on. No more than fifteen per cent ofobese people lived to the average life expectancy for their population group.
41. Which of the following is true about obesity inParagraph 2?
A. People in Japanneedn’t worry about obesity.
B. Obesity is a disease that lasts for a long time.
C. 20% of the people in the world are overweight.
D. Obesity should be cured with new medication.
42. Which of the following does Prof. FriendrichHopichler probably agree?
A. Diabetes is mainly caused by obesity.
B. 50% of patients with high blood pressure complained aboutobesity.
C. The fast food supplied in American pizza shops is tasteless.
D. The more one weights, the more likely he is to suffer fromheart disease.
43. Hermann Toplak suggested that more money should bespent on
A. health insurance
B. preventive programs
C. state health services
D. obesity-related surgeries
44. Which of the following is most often accompanied byobesity?
A. Diabetes.
B. High blood pressure.
C. Stomachache.
D. Adipose tissue complaints.
*45. “The consequences” in the last paragraph resultfrom people ______.
A. reducing their weight
B. eating fast food
C. getting obese
D. spending too much time in front of TV sets
第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
The Day a Language Died
When Carios Westez died at the age of 76, a language died, too.Westez, more commonly known as Red Thunder Cloud, was the last speaker of theNative American language, Catawba. Anyone who wants to hear various songs ofthe Catawba can contact the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D. C., where,back in the 1940s, Red Thunder Cloud recorded a series of songs for futuregenerations. _____ (46) They are all that is left of the Catawba language. Thelanguage that people used to speak is gone forever.
We are all aware of the damage that modern industry can do to theworld’s ecology(生态). How- ever, few people are aware of the impact widely spokenlanguages have on other languages and ways of life. English has spread all overthe world. Chinese, Spanish, Russian, and Hindi have become powerful languages,as well. _____ (47) When this happens, hundreds of languages that are spoken byonly a few die out.
Scholars believe there are around 6,000 languages around theworld, but more than half of them could die out within the next 100 years.There are many examples, Araki is a native language of the island of Vanuatu,located in the Pacific Ocean. It is spoken byonly a few older adults, so like Catawba, Araki will soon disappear. Manylanguages of Ethiopiawill have the same fate because each one has only a few speakers. _____ (48) Inthe Americas,100 languages, each of which has fewer than 300 speakers, also are dying out.
Red Thunder Cloud was one of the first to recognize the threat oflanguage death and to try to do something about it. He was not actually borninto the Catawba tribe, and the language was not his mother tongue. _____ (49)The songs he sang for the Smithsonian Institution helped to make NativeAmerican music popular. Now he is gone, and the language is dead.
What does it mean when a language disappears? When a plant insector animal species dies, it is easy to understand what we’ve lost and toappreciate what this means for the balance of the natural world. However,language is only a product of the mind. To be the last remaining speaker of alanguage, like Red Thunder Cloud, must be a lonely destiny, almost as strangeand terrible as being the last surviving member of a dying species. _____ (50)
A. Some people might want to try to learn some of thesesongs by heart.
B. Papua New Guinea is an extremely rich source ofdifferent languages, but more than 100 of them are in danger of extinction (灭绝).
C. However, he was a frequent visitor to the Catawba reservationin South Carolina,where he learned the language.
D. These languages don’t have many native speakers.
E. For the rest of us, when a language dies, we lose thepossibility of a unique way of seeing and describing the world.
F. As these languages become more powerful, their useas tools of business and culture increases.
第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题，每题l分，共15分)
下面的短文有l5处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
Teaching and Learning Medicine Award
Two scientists who have won praise for research into the growth ofcancer cells could be candidates for the Nobel Prize in medicine when the 2008winners are presented on Monday, kicking off six days of Nobel announcements.
Australian-born U. S. citizen Elizabeth Blackburn and AmericanCarol Greider have already won a series of medical _____ (51)for their enzyme(酶)research and experts say they could be among the front-runnersfor a Nobel.
Only seven women have _____ (52) the medicine prize since thefirst Nobel Prizes were _____ (53) out in 1901. The last female winner was U. S.researcher Linda Buck in 2004, who _____ (54) the prize with Richard Axel.
Among the pair’s possible _____ (55) are Frenchman Piene Chambonand Americans Ronald Evans and Elwood Jensen, who _____ (56) up the field ofstudying proteins called nuclear hormone receptors (核激素受体).
As usual, the award committee is giving no _____ (57) about who isin the running before presenting its decision in a news conference at Stockholm’s Karolinskainstitute.
Alfred Nobel, the Swede who _____ (58) dynamite(炸药), established the prizes in his will in the _____ (59) ofmedicine, physics, chemistry, literature and peace. The economics prize istechnically not a Nobel but a 1968 creation of Sweden’s central bank.
Nobel left few instructions on how to _____ (60) winners, butmedicine winners are typically _____ (61) for a specific breakthrough ratherthan a body of research.
Hans Jornvall, secretary of the medicine prize committee, said the10 million kronor(瑞典克朗) prize encourages _____ (62) research but he did not thinkwinning it was the primary goal for scientists.
“Individual researchers probably don’t _____ (63) at themselves aspotential Nobel Prize winners when they’re _____ (64) work,” Jornvall told theAssociated Press. They get their kicks from their research and their interestin how life _____ (65).
51. A. signs B.claims C. deals D.honors
52. A. lost B.taken C.won D.snatched
53. A. handed B.shouted C. read D.delivered
54. A. had B.received C. shared D.collected
55. A. rivals B.matches C. counterparts D.partners
56. A. backed B.opened C. picked D. worked
57. A. proposals B.suggestions C. ideas D.hints
58. A. saw B.discovered C. invented D. heard
59. A. groups B.divisions C. samples D. categories
60. A. find B.select C.locate D. search
61. A. awarded B. sent C.invited D. demanded
62.A. ordinary B. historical C. ongoing D. groundbreaking
63. A. regard B.laugh C.look D.smile
64. A. on B.for C.with D.at
65. A. means B.passes C.functions D. rises\
参考答案及解析
第1部分：词汇选项
1.C 句意：伦敦迅速成为一个繁荣的港口。flourishing繁荣的。successful成功的。二者意思相近，可相互替换。major主要的。large大的。commercial商业的。因此，本题正确答案为C。
2.A 句意：在咒语被打破之前，那都是个神奇的夜晚。spell魅力；咒语。charm魅力。二者意思相近，可相互替换。time时间。space空间。opportunity机会。因此，本题正确答案为A。
3.B 句意：他们正尝试弄清现行制度的弊端所在。identify确定，发现。discover 发现。二者意思相近，可相互替换。prove 证明。consider 考虑。imagine想象。因此，本题的正确答案为B。
4.D 句意：要求委员会提交关于住房情况的报告。furnish提供，供应。render提出，实施。二者意思相近，可相互替换。copy复制。publish出版。summarize总结。因此，本题的正确答案为D。
5.D 句意：在此之后，一阵失望袭来。let-down令人失望的。disappointment失望的。二者意思相近，可相互替换。excitement兴奋的，高兴的。anger愤怒的。calm冷静的。因此，本题正确答案为D。
6.C 句意：他吓得魂不附体。hollow空洞的。empty空的。二者意思相近，可相互替换。sincere真诚的。
7.C 句意：他的法语知识非常不错。fair很好的。quite good相当好。二者意思相近，可相互替换。very useful非常有用。very limited非常有限。 rather special相当特别。因此，本题的正确答案为C。
8.A 句意：课程设置过于狭窄和死板。rigid死板的。inflexible顽固的。二者意思相近，可相互替换。hidden隐藏的。traditional传统的。official官方的。因此，本题的正确答案为A。
9.B 句意：几扇窗户被打碎了。smashed打碎,。broken破坏。二者意思相近，可相互替换。leaned使干净。replaced更换。fixed修理。因此，本题的正解答案为B。
10.B 句意：她觉得自己做了一件善事。deed行动。act行为，行动。二者意思相近，可相互替换。homework家庭作业。justice正义。model模型，模范。因此，正确答案为B。
11.A 句意：他的职业生涯长达16年。spanned跨越，lasted持续。二者意思相近，可相互替换。started开始。changed改变。moved移动。因此，本题正确答案为A。
12.C 句意：战争中最深重的苦难现在开始了。agonies极大的痛苦。pains疼痛。二者意思相近，可相互替换。parts部分。aspects方面。Results结果。因此，本题的正解答案为C。
13.D 句意：这个组织不主张使用暴力。advocate主张，提倡。support支持。二者意思相近，可相互替换。limit限制。regulate调节，控制。oppose反对。因此，本题的正确答案为D。
14.B 句意：这附近的大多数人都很正派。decent得体的，正派的。honest诚实的。二者意思相近，可相互替换。real真实的。normal正常的。wealthy富有的。因此，本题的正确答案为B。
15.B 句意：他这个人一向很正派。moral道德的，精神的。honorable值得尊敬的。二者意思相近，可相互替换。human人类的，人的。intelligent聪明的。natural自然的。因此，本题的正解答案为B。
第2部分：阅读判断
16.B 根据关键词sixthousand定位于原文中第一段第一句：5,900kids were treated at hospital emergency rooms，clinics，anddoctors’ offices last year for sprains and strains caused by backpacks. 此句可译为：去年因为背包扭伤及拉伤，大约有5900个小孩到医院急诊室、诊所或医生办公室就诊。因此本题的说法是错误的。正解答案为B。
17.B 根据关键词UKphysicians定位于原文中第一段第二句：Suchinjuries are SO widespread that more than 70 percent of physicians surveyed byAmerican Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons listed backpacks as a potentialclinical problem for children.此句可译为： 美国整形外科学会对这种损伤日益普遍的情况进行了调查，调查显示超过70％的医生都把双肩包导致扭伤的问题归为儿童中的一个潜在的临床问题。因此本题说法是错误的。正解答案为B
18.A 根据关键词widepaddle straps and a belt定位于原文第二段前两句：How doyou avoid such problems? Choose bags that have wide，paddedstraps and a belt.此句可译为：怎么才能规避这一问题呢？应选用有宽肩带和有垫背带并有腰带的书包。因此本题的说法是正确的。正解答案为A。
19.B 根据关键词100-pound定位于原文第三段第三句：So if achild weights 100 pounds，thebackpack and its load should not be more than 20 pounds.此句可译为：一个孩子的书包不能超过20磅，如果他的体重是100磅的话。因此本题的说法是错误的。正解答案为B。
20.B 根据关键词lockers定位于原文第三段最后一句： Makefrequent trips to your locker（储物柜）toexchange books between classes.此句可译为：根据不同的课程，在储物柜中灵活地存放指定的，书籍。由此可见作者不建议把所有书都放在储物柜，因此此题说话是错误的。正确答案为B。
21.C 根据关键词Roller bags定位于原文中最后一段第一句：Rollerbags often don’t fit into a locker.此句可译为：拖轮箱通常无法放入储物柜。本句并未提及重量比较，因此本题说法是未提及的。正确答案为C。
22.A 根据关键词10-15minutes’ exercise定位于原文中最后一句：10 or 15minutes of stretching and back strengthening is a good idea。此句可译为：10-15分钟的拉伸及背部拉伸是个好办法，它有助于缓解这一问题。由此可见与本题说法相一致，因此本题说法是正确的。正确答案为A。
第3部分：概括大意和完成句子
23.D 原文中第一段第一句为主题句，讲的是：芳香疗法是一种替代疗法……，D选项Introduction to Aromatherapy和主题句说法相一致。因此，正确答案为D。
24.F 原文中第二段第一句为主题句，讲的是：许多人使用芳香疗法按摩，根据不同的治疗要求，按摩师给予不同部位按摩，F选项Personalized Aromatherapy Massage和主题句说法相一致。因此，正确答案为F。
25.C 原文中第三段总的概括了芳香疗法疗效的不同观点，并且概括了芳得疗法的不同功效，C选项 Different Views about Aromatherapy和主题句说法相一致。因此，正确答案为C。
26.E 原文中第四段第一句是主题句，讲的是：然而，虽然芳香疗法对于改善身体状况有一定疗效，但是传统医护人员仍然对其作用抱有怀疑态度，E选项Doubts about the Benefits of Aromatherapy和主题句说法相一致。因此正确答案为E。
27.E 原文中第一段第一句讲到：芳香疗法是采用从植物的花，叶子，根茎，枝干等部分提取油脂用于理疗。E选项have healing effects ，和原句说法相一致。因此，正确答案为E。
28.A 原文中第二段第一句讲到：，这种芳香疗法按摩能够根据不同人的治疗特点给予肩部或手部的按摩，许多人都选择这种按摩。A选项suit different people和原句说法相一致。因此，正确答案为A。
29.C 原文中第三段讲到：芳香疗法能够增强治疗效果，治疗消化不良，改善呼吸系统影响整个身体。C选项help the disabled和原句意思相一致。因此，正确答案为C。
30.B 原文中第四段倒数第二句讲到：目前芳香疗法的研究还处于新阶段，需要进一步开发。B选项be further explored和原句意思相一致。因此，正确答案为B。
第4部分：阅读理解
31.A 本题问的是短文的主旨是什么。原文中第二段开门见山提出：心理学家讨论关于什么是智力的问题，并紧接着在下文主要围绕智力进行探讨。因此，本题的正确答案为A。
32.B 本题问的是关于普通智力的论述以下哪个是正确的。原文文第三段第二句讲到：做心理能力测试成绩较好的人在其他测试表现仍然非常好。此说法与B选项论述相一致。因此，本题的正确答案为B。
33.A 本题问的是Gardner认为什么。原文第五段第二句讲到：Gardner认为所有儿童都是不一样的，而且不应该用标准的智力测试来测定。因此，本题的正确答案为A。
34.D 本题问的是根据Gardner的说法学校应该怎样做。原文倒数第二段最后一句讲到：Gardner相信学校的目的应该是鼓励智力的全面发展。因此，本题的正确答案为D。
35.B 本题问的是Gardner认为他的理论是什么。原文最后一段第一句讲到：Gardner的理论是基于生物学研究。因此，正确答案为B。
36.A 本题问的是从第一段可以推断出经理是怎么样的。带着问题我们可以从第一段第二句得知，从前的经理往往不能认真听取工人的意见，也不会对用人决定作出解释。所以，A选项是根据第一段内容得知的推论。因此，本题正确答案为A。
37.A 本题问的是近些年来，许多职业经理人在讨论工人们应该怎么样。原文第一段第五句讲到：职业经理人指出工人较销售人员来说更重要，他们中的一些人掌握公司的股权面且许多人能够为企业管理做出巨大贡献。因此，本题正确答案为A。
38.B 本题问的是第二段的rank-and-file和以下什么意思相近。rank-and-file workers 普通个人。0rdinar普通的。二者意思相近，可相互替换。senior 高级的。 intelligent 聪明的。capable 能干的。因此，本题正确答案为B。
39.A 本题问的是根据短文，l980—1985年之间发生了什么。原文讲到：l980年到l985年间，大约五百万名工人从倒闭的工厂离开并成为永久裁员的受害者，而这样的事情往往没有预先警告。因此，本题的正确答案为A。
40.A 本题问的是如果在管理决策上不给予回应，工人们会怎么样。原文最后一段第三句讲到：如果普通员工在制定工作计划和管理制度上有话语权的话，这将对提升他们的士气有很大帮助，进而提高生产力。因此，本题正确答案为A。
41.A 本题问的是关于肥胖的论述，以下哪项是正确的。原文中第二段第二句讲到：肥胖在日本仅占l％的比率，所以日本人不需要担心肥胖的问题。因此，本题正确答案为A。
42.D 本题问的是以下哪一个观点Friendrich Hopichler可能同意。原文中第四段第三句讲到：体重增加了10％就意味着患心脏病的风险高了l3％。因此，本题正确答案为D。
43.B 本题问的是Hermann Toplak建议对于预防肥胖症的项目应该给予更多的钱。原文中第五段Hermann Toplak说当地监考服务机构应该提高预防肥胖症方面财政投入，尽管保险公司会为超重指数40的人给予支持，但是人们应当提早预防这种病症。因此，本题的正确答案为B。
44.A 本题问的是以下哪项是伴随肥胖而来的。原文中第四段第二句讲到：许多专家强调，80％糖尿病患者都是肥胖人群。因此，本题正确答案为A。
45.C 本题问的是最后一段中的“The consequences”是来源于哪一部分人。原文中最后一句提到：少于l5％的胖子的寿命会达到他们圈子的平均寿命。因此，本题正确答案为C。
第5部分：补全短文
46.A 根据上下文，Red Thunder Cloud为后世记录了一些以卡托巴语演唱的歌曲，后代在听到这样的歌曲的同时可能希望理解它的意思，但这种语言已经永远消亡了。A选项：Some people might want to try to learn some of these songs byheart.符合此处句意。因此，本题的正确答案为A。
47.F 根据上文中提到：汉语，西班牙语，俄语等也越来越兴盛，下文肯定要讲：随着这些语言的兴盛，把它们作为商业贸易和文化交流的工具这种现象也与日俱增。所以F选项：As these languages become more powerful, their use as tools ofbusiness and culture increases. 最符合此处句意。因此，本题正确答案为F。
48.D 根据上下文，很少有人讲Araki这种语言，所以这句话是对前文的总结。D选项：These languages don’t have many native speakers.符合此处句意。因此，本题的正确答案为D。
49.C 根据上下文，Red Thunder Cloud并不会讲卡托巴语，因为他并不出生于卡托巴部落，这种语言不是他的母语。但是由于他意识到这种语言濒临灭绝且认为自己有义务做些什么，于是他主动去学习卡托巴语。C选项：However, he was a frequent visitor to the Catawba reservation inSouth Carolina, where he learned the language. 符合此处句意。因此，本题正确答案为C。
50.E 结合整篇文章都是在讲濒临灭绝的语言，旨在呼吁人们应注重保存这些宝贵遗产。因此，此空应该是对全文主题内容的总结。由此推断E选项：For the rest of us, when a language dies, we lose the possibilityof a unique way of seeing and describing the world.符合此处意思。因此，本题正确答案为E。
第6部分：完形填空
51.D 固定搭配题 结合上下文，此处讲的是：生于澳大利亚的美国公民Elizabeth Blackburn and American Carol Greider已经为他们的酶研究赢得了一系列医学荣誉。won the honor获得荣誉。符合题意。signs 标志，符号。claims要求。deals 交易。因此，本题正确答案为D。
52.C 固定搭配题。此处讲的是：自从1901年第一次诺贝尔奖颁发，仅仅有7位妇女获得了医学奖。won the prize获得大奖。符合题意。lost 丢失。taken 拿。snatched抢夺。因此，本题的正确答案为C。
53.A 固定搭配题。结合上文，此处讲的是：自从1901年第一次诺贝尔奖颁发，仅仅有7位妇女获得了医学奖。hand out分发，此处为颁发的意思。符合题意。shouted out 大叫。read out宣告开除。delivered 递送。delivered 不与out搭配。因此，本题的正确答案为A。
54.C 固定搭配题，此处讲的是：美国研究员Linda Buck是获奖于2004年的最后一位女性获奖者，她与Richard Axel是这个奖项的共同获得者。share…with 和……分享。符合题意。had有，have的过去式。received收到。collected收集。因此，本题的正确答案为C。
55.A 词义辨析题。联系上下文，前文提到两个人以及他们的对手，他们是竞争关系。rivals 对手。符合题意。matches 比赛。counterparts 相对物。partners 伙伴。因此，本题的正确答案为A。
56.B 固定搭配题。结合上文，此处讲的是：pen up打开，开辟。back up支持。pick up捡起。work up逐步建立。因此，本题的正确答案为B。
57.D 词义辨析题。联系上下文，此处意思是：通常颁发奖品的委员不会在颁发决议之前提前暗示候选人是谁。hints线索。proposals建议书。suggestions 民众意见箱。ideas 理念。因此，本题正确答案为D。
58.C 词义辨析题。联系上下文，此处讲的是：Alfred Nobel目睹了炸药。saw看见，符合句意。discovered发现。invented发明。heard听见。因此，本题的正确答案为C。
59.D 词义辨析题。联系上下文，此处讲的是：Alfred Nobel 以他的愿望建立了各类奖项。categories类别，分类。符合句意。groups 组织，符合句意。divisions分部。samples样本。因此，本题正确答案为D。
60.B 词义辨析题。联系句意，获胜者应当是挑选出来的。select选择，符合句意。find 发现。 locate 位于。search 搜索。因此，本题的正确答案为B。
61.A 固定搭配题。联系句意，具有特殊的突破性进展会被授予医学成功者。award…for因某事奖励某人。符合句意。sent for召唤。invited for 为…而邀请。demanded for对…的要求。因此，本题的正确答案为A。
62.D 词义辨析题。联系句意，Kronor鼓励创新。groundbreaking开创性的，符合句意。ordinary 普通的。historical历史的。ongoing正在进行的。因此，本题的正确答案为D。
63.C 固定搭配题。此处句意为：个别的研究人员可能不会认为他们自己是潜在的诺贝尔奖获得者。look at看，视为。符合句意。regard 和at 不搭配。laugh at嘲笑。smile at对……微笑。因此，本题的正确答案为C。
64.D 固定搭配题。联系上文，此处讲的是：当他们正在工作时…。at work正在工作。符合句意。on 关于。for 为了。with和……在一起。因此，本题的正确答案为D。
65.C 词义辨析题。联系上文，此处讲的是：他们从他们自己的实验中得到冲击力而且他们的兴趣是生活怎么起作用。functions 起作用。符合句意。means意味着。passes流逝。rises升起。因此，本题的正确答案为C。
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