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2013年北京外国语大学高级翻译学院815英汉互译（同声传译）考研真题
招生专业：外国语言学及应用语言学 科目名称：英汉互译（同传）
一、将下列段落译为汉语（25分）
The elections in France and Greece tell us that austerityfatigue has set in. This is not surprising. For many countries no plausibleexit exists from depression, deflation and despair. If the currency union werea normal fixed exchange rate arrangement, it would collapse, as did the goldstandard in the 1930s and the Bretton Woods system in the 1970s. The questionis whether the fact that it is a monetary union will do more than delay thatoutcome. Mr. Hollande says his mission is to give Europe“a dimension of growth and prosperity”. So can he achieve this laudable aim?
Fiscal tightening does not improveoutcomes in shrinking economies. Thus, austerity is merely begetting moreausterity. According to IMF, the ratio of gross public debt to gross domesticproduct will rise, not fall, in every year from 2008 to 2013 in Ireland,Italy, Spain and Portugal. It will briefly fall in Greece,but only because of its debt restructuring. The IMF forecasts that the economywill shrink this year, in real terms, and growth is forecast, optimistically,at close to zero in these countries in 2013. This is politically perilous. Theemergence of still more extremist parties and a rising sense of betrayal seemsinevitable. (206)
二、将下列短文译为汉语（50分）
The massive new U.S. oil and gas output has broughttalk of American energy independence back into vogue. Just five years ago, theexperts were bracing for the United Statesto become dependent on imported liquefied natural gas, with uncertaingeopolitical consequences, such as dependence on vulnerable Middle Easternsuppliers and entanglement in a global gas market in which Moscow plays a troubling role. That now seemslike ancient history, as record gas production has spared the United States the need forlarge-scale imports.
The math is shakier when it comesto oil. The most bullish projections foresee around 15 million barrels a day ofU.S. liquid fuels productionby 2020, while the consultancy Wood MacKenzie claims that U.S. production could rise to about10 million barrels a day by the close of this decade and 15 million before theend of the next. In any case, U.S.consumption is vastly greater. As of 2009, Americans burned through nearly 19million barrels of oil-based liquid fuels each day to power their cars, trucks,and factories, and although that figure has edged down over the past couple ofyears, domestic supply is still a long way from matching U.S. Demand.
That said, U.S. demand for oil appears to havepeaked. While part of the recent fall can be chalked up to slow economicgrowth, sustained high oil prices and improving automobile technology are alsoat work. New fuel- economy standards, if they stick, could drive U.S.consumption down much further. Ultimately, though, it's a massive stretch tothink the United Stateswill eliminate the gap between oil supply and demand anytime soon.
In any case, energy independencerequires more than impressive arithmetic. As long as the United States is fully integrated into the worldoil market, U.S. fuel priceswill rise and fall along with events on the other side of the globe — say, awar with Iran.(316)
三、将下列段落译为英语（25分）
中国将始终不渝走和平发展道路，坚定奉行独立自主的和平外交政策。我们坚决维护国家主权、安全、发展利益，决不会屈服于任何外来压力。我们根据事情本身的是非曲直决定自己的立场和政策，秉持公道，伸张正义。中国主张和平解决国际争端和热点问题，反对动辄诉诸武力或以武力相威胁，反对颠覆别国合法政权，反对一切形式的恐怖主义。中国将以更加积极的姿态参与国际事务，发挥负责任大国作用，与各国人民共同应对全球性挑战。（197字）
四、将下列短文译为英语(50分)
我们发现，加班问题是所有工厂长期以来形成的习惯，连工人们都认为打工就是要加班的。而加班是工厂在不增加生产设施和人工成本的前提下增加生产能力的最好途径。例如，在东莞常平镇某服装厂，每月只有1 3万打的生产能力，但工厂却接了2 5万打的生产定单。生产任务严重超过生产能力的情况，使加班问题变得无可避免，而且有愈演愈烈的倾向。随着定单价格的下降和交货期的缩短，工人的加班情况也愈加严重。而我们访问深圳福田区的一个电子厂的工人，竟然有8 4小时连续工作的记录，很多工人因为体力不支，而晕倒在车间。加班问题实际上已经成为损害工人身体健康和合法权益的大问题，在各种类型的私营、外资企业中均普遍存在。(290)
2013年北京外国语大学高级翻译学院815英汉互译（同声传译）考研真题及详解
招生专业：外国语言学及应用语言学 科目名称：英汉互译（同传）
一、将下列段落译为汉语（25分）
The elections in France and Greece tell us that austerityfatigue has set in. This is not surprising. For many countries no plausibleexit exists from depression, deflation and despair. If the currency union werea normal fixed exchange rate arrangement, it would collapse, as did the goldstandard in the 1930s and the Bretton Woods system in the 1970s.The question is whether the fact that it is a monetary union will do more thandelay that outcome. Mr. Hollande says his mission is to give Europe“a dimension of growth and prosperity”. So can he achieve this laudable aim?
Fiscal tightening doesnot improve outcomes in shrinking economies. Thus, austerity is merelybegetting more austerity. According to IMF, the ratio of gross public debt togross domestic product will rise, not fall, in every year from 2008 to 2013 in Ireland,Italy, Spain and Portugal. It will briefly fall in Greece,but only because of its debt restructuring. The IMF forecasts that the economywill shrink this year, in real terms, and growth is forecast, optimistically,at close to zero in these countries in 2013. This is politically perilous. Theemergence of still more extremist parties and a rising sense of betrayal seemsinevitable. (206)
【参考译文】
法国和希腊的选举告诉我们，“紧缩计划疲劳症”已开始显现。这并不出人意料。对于许多国家而言，看上去不存在摆脱萧条、通缩和绝望的可信退出策略。如果欧元区这个货币联盟只是一个一般的固定汇率安排机制，那么它注定会瓦解，就像金本位和布雷顿森林体系(Bretton Woods system)分别于上世纪30年代和70年代瓦解那样。现在的问题是，欧元区是一个货币联盟的事实，除了延缓瓦解以外，能否发挥其他作用。推动欧元区实行必要变革的最后机会，落在了法国新当选总统弗朗索瓦·奥朗德(Fran ois Hollande)的肩上。奥朗德表示，他的使命就是为欧洲带来“增长和繁荣”。那么，他能否实现这一值得赞许的目标呢？
财政紧缩不会改善正在萎缩的经济体的状况。于是，紧缩只能导致更多的紧缩。国际货币基金组织(IMF)资料显示，从2010年至2013年的每一年，爱尔兰、意大利、西班牙和葡萄牙的总公共债务与国内生产总值(GDP)之比都将上升，而不是下降。希腊的该比率将会短暂下降，但原因仅仅是债务重组。IMF预测，今年这些国家的经济将会出现实际收缩。即使乐观估计，这些国家2013年的增长率也不过是接近于零。这在政治上是危险的。更极端政党的出现和背叛感的泛起，似乎是不可避免的。
（译文来源：http://www.tingvoa.com/html/20120705/80432_2.html）
二、将下列短文译为汉语（50分）
The massive new U.S.oil and gas output has brought talk of American energy independence back intovogue. Just five years ago, the experts were bracing for the United States to become dependent on importedliquefied natural gas, with uncertain geopolitical consequences, such asdependence on vulnerable Middle Eastern suppliers and entanglement in a globalgas market in which Moscowplays a troubling role. That now seems like ancient history, as record gasproduction has spared the United States the need for large-scale imports.
The math is shakierwhen it comes to oil. The most bullish projections foresee around 15 millionbarrels a day of U.S. liquidfuels production by 2020, while the consultancy Wood MacKenzie claims that U.S.production could rise to about 10 million barrels a day by the close of thisdecade and 15 million before the end of the next. In any case, U.S.consumption is vastly greater. As of 2009, Americans burned through nearly 19million barrels of oil-based liquid fuels each day to power their cars, trucks,and factories, and although that figure has edged down over the past couple ofyears, domestic supply is still a long way from matching U.S. Demand.
That said, U.S.demand for oil appears to have peaked. While part of the recent fall can bechalked up to slow economic growth, sustained high oil prices and improvingautomobile technology are also at work. New fuel- economy standards, if theystick, could drive U.S.consumption down much further. Ultimately, though, it's a massive stretch tothink the United Stateswill eliminate the gap between oil supply and demand anytime soon.
In any case, energyindependence requires more than impressive arithmetic. As long as the United States is fully integrated into the worldoil market, U.S. fuel priceswill rise and fall along with events on the other side of the globe — say, awar with Iran.(316)
【参考译文】
大量新的美国油气产量使得美国能源独立的话题受到大众的关注。仅在5年前，专家们为美国依赖进口液化天然气做好了应对不确定的地缘政治因素的准备，比如说依赖易受估计的中东供应者和莫斯科在全球油气市场的捣乱。当创纪录的油气产量抵消了美国对大规模进口石油的需要时，那时的担心像是很久以前的东西。
当涉及到石油时数字上存在摇摆。最乐观的估计是到2020年美国石油的产量将达到1500万桶/每天，与此同时美国Wood MacKenzie 咨询公司宣称在10年里油气产量将达到1000万桶/每天，在未来的10到20年之间产量将达到1500万桶/每天。另一方面美国的能源消费越来越大。2009年美国用来供应汽车，卡车和工厂的石油达到1900万桶/每天，尽管后来这个数字微降了一点，石油的供应要赶上消费还有很长的路要走。
据说美国石油的需求似乎到顶了。这部分是因为美国经济的衰退，高油价和汽车技术的改进，此外新的燃料经济标准也使得美国的石油消费要比以前降的低。到最后美国将实现石油供需的平衡。
总之，能源的独立要求很多其他的因素。只要美国是充分参与全球石油市场的，美国的石油价格将会受到其他全球事件的影响——诸如伊朗战争。
（译文来源：http://bbs.tianya.cn/post-develop-1038722-1.shtml）
三、将下列段落译为英语（25分）
中国将始终不渝走和平发展道路，坚定奉行独立自主的和平外交政策。我们坚决维护国家主权、安全、发展利益，决不会屈服于任何外来压力。我们根据事情本身的是非曲直决定自己的立场和政策，秉持公道，伸张正义。中国主张和平解决国际争端和热点问题，反对动辄诉诸武力或以武力相威胁，反对颠覆别国合法政权，反对一切形式的恐怖主义。中国将以更加积极的姿态参与国际事务，发挥负责任大国作用，与各国人民共同应对全球性挑战。（197字）
【参考译文】
China will unswervingly follow the path of peaceful development andfirmly pursue an independent foreign policy of peace. We are firm in ourresolve to uphold China'ssovereignty, security and development interests and will never yield to anyoutside pressure. We will decide our position and policy on an issue on its ownmerits and work to uphold fairness and justice. China is committed to peacefulsettlement of international disputes and hotspot issues, opposes the wanton useof force or threat to use it, opposes any foreign attempt to subvert thelegitimate government of any other countries, and opposes terrorism in all itsmanifestations. Chinaopposes hegemonism and power politics in all their forms and will never seekhegemony or engage in expansion. China will get more activelyinvolved in international affairs, play its due role of a major responsiblecountry, and work jointly with other countries to meet global challenges.
（译文来源：http://www.china.org.cn/chinese/18da/2012-11/19/content_27152706_12.htm）
四、将下列短文译为英语（50分）
我们发现，加班问题是所有工厂长期以来形成的习惯，连工人们都认为打工就是要加班的。而加班是工厂在不增加生产设施和人工成本的前提下增加生产能力的最好途径。例如，在东莞常平镇某服装厂，每月只有13万打的生产能力，但工厂却接了25万打的生产定单。生产任务严重超过生产能力的情况，使加班问题变得无可避免，而且有愈演愈烈的倾向。随着定单价格的下降和交货期的缩短，工人的加班情况也愈加严重。而我们访问深圳福田区的一个电子厂的工人，竟然有84小时连续工作的记录，很多工人因为体力不支，而晕倒在车间。加班问题实际上已经成为损害工人身体健康和合法权益的大问题，在各种类型的私营、外资企业中均普遍存在。（290字）
【参考译文】
We find that working overtime is a convention of all factories overa long period of time. Even workers think that work means working overtime.While overtime work is the best way for factories to improve productivitywithout increasing production facilities and labor costs. For example, aclothing factory of Changping town in Dongguan receives an order of 250,000dozen despite of it’s productivity of 130,000 dozen. Overload productive taskmakes overwork inevitable and more heated. With the decline of price andshorten of time, overwork is becoming more and more fierce. A worker in anelectronic factory of Futian District of Shenzhen has the record of beingworking for 84 hours without any rest and many workers fall in a faint in theworkplace because of over-exertion. The problem of overtime work becomes a bigproblem of damaging worker’s health and legal right. Overtime work is commonlyexisted in all kinds of private and foreign companies.
