上海理工大学考博英语历年真题汇编及详解

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内容简介
目录
2008年上海理工大学考博英语真题（含答案）
2006年春季上海理工大学考博英语真题及详解
2005年秋季上海理工大学考博英语真题及详解
2005年春季上海理工大学考博英语真题及详解
2004年秋季上海理工大学考博英语真题及详解
2003年春季上海理工大学考博英语真题
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2008年上海理工大学考博英语真题（含答案）
Part I Vocabulary (25 points )
Directions: There are 50 incomplete sentences in this part. Foreach sentence there are four choices marked A., B.,C. and D.. Choose the ONEthat best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on theAnswer Sheet with a single line through the center.
1. The police ______ her for hours about themurder.
A. chopped
B. washed
C. diced
D. grilled
2. The situation ______ over and soon peoplestarted shouting and fighting.
A. steamed
B. boiled
C. roasted
D. sliced
3. He sat in the corner, ______ with anger aboutthe treatment he had received from his boss.
A. slipping
B. peeping
C. simmering
D. summarizing
4. I just let him ______ for a few hours before Itold him the news.
A. dry
B. smoke
C. stew
D. bake
5. I don't want to listen to any more of your half-______ ideas. Come back when you have some ideas that aren't impractical andstupid.
A. baked
B. peeled
C. rinsed
D. mashed
6. After such a terrible quarrel between Mary andJane, any ______ would be out of the question.
A. reconciliation
B. reclamation
C. imitation
D. cooperation
7. My sister and I ______ in taking care of oursick mother.
A. alleviate
B. alter
C. alternate
D. shift
8. A priceless ______ was stolen from the artgallery last week.
A. curves
B. canvas
C. campus
D. census
9. He was relieved to hear from his surgeon thatthe tumor was not malignant; it was ______.
A. soft
B. gentle
C. kind
D. benign
10. Even though she was over 60, she had verylittle ______ on her face.
A. wrinkles
B. freckles
C. ripples
D. folds
11. It is necessary to strength the ______ of theallied countries.
A. sociology
B. solidarity
C. solidity
D. solitude
12. The bleach bottles carried the warning:"If ______ onto clothing, wash immediately!"
A. dispersed
B. smashed
C. splashed
D. accumulated
13. She tried to be angry, but she ______ herselfby smiling.
A. betrayed
B. retreated
C. disclosed
D. discerned
14.After taking the pain-killer for three months, Doris was beginning to wonder if she was it.
A. adhered to
B. adapted to
C. affected by
D. addicted to
15. The photographic magazine my mother ______ tocomes out every other week.
A. contributed
B. subscribed
C. purchased
D. ordered
16. The soldier hopefully ______ something openwith anxious hands only to discover an empty can ______.
A. rigged
B. rippled
C. raped
D. ripped
17. Some people showedthe signs of irritability and often complained this and that after a few daysof sleep ______
A. consistency
B. discrepancy
C. deprivation
D. depression
18. I didn't understand his meaning, because hisanswer was.
A. definite
B. ambiguous
C. pronounced
D. ambitious
19. The policemen went into the area to ______criminals who were hiding there.
A. flush out
B. take leave of
C. make a mess of
D. fish out
20. Water ______ more and more quickly as thetemperature grew.
A. vanished
B. evaporated
C. ascended
D. condensed
21.No ______ from the rules will be allowed.
A. derivation
B. divorce
C. deviation
D. depreciation
22. Anger ______ within me when I heard of theinjustice.
A. surged up
B. summoned up
C. mustered up
D. geared up
23. Can you ______ a way of helping her without herknowing it?
A. retrieve
B. contrive
C. discover
D. invent
24. At the memorial service, the president paid tothe professor’s outstanding contribution to the educational cause.
A. tribune
B. attribute
C. attitude
D. tribute
25. Fill all the holes with ______ before you paintthe wall.
A. pitch
B. plastic
C. plaster
D. gule
26. In the darkness we could see that he was oneboat to another.
A. towing
B. tracing
C. tracking
D. toiling
27. The chairman is always elected by a (n) of thevoters.
A. consent
B. consensus
C. conscience
D. election
28. In South Korea, the dissatisfiedstudents classes and held demonstration in protest against corruption.
A. assaulted
B. anticipated
C. dismissed
D. boycotted
29. She was frightened, as she noticed there wassomething ______ in his eyes.
A. obedient
B. obscure
C. obscene
D. obvious
30. Modem printing equipment can quickly turn out ______copies of textual or pictorial matter.
A. duplicate
B. imitative
C. double
D. anonymous
31. The young woman looked on in ______ at herdaughter's sufferings.
A. advent
B. nuisance
C. agitation
D. agony
32. The old man for a little while, but he managedto keep his feet.
A. strolled
B. scattered
C. staggered
D. strove
33. The audience enthusiastically after theperformance at the Grand Old Opera.
A. applauded
B. chatted
C. slapped
D. stamped
34. The old couple the past with a feeling oflonging and respect.
A. contemned
B. contemplated
C. contaminated
D. consumed
35. The sunrise as seen from the top of themountain was a tremendous .
A. spectator
B. spectacle
C. spectrum
D. speckle
36.Some old people to their lost youth.
A. cling
B. clasp
C. abide
D. stick
37. To keep his job,he ______ his own interests to the objectives of the company.
A. attributed
B. subtracted
C. contributed
D. subordinated
38. I can't believethat her parent's house is still ______ by oil lamp.
A. illustrated
B. emitted
C. illuminated
D. ventilated
39. We must ______with the regulations , otherwise we must take the consequences.
A. comply
B. concede
C. defy
D. decline
40. As early as theeleventh century, the Pueblopeople ______ in large cities that were constructed from boulders and mudbricks.
A. resigned
B. dwelt
C. retired
D. dwindled
41. The two girlsquarreled the day before yesterday, but now they completely ______.
A. coincided
B. reckoned
C. reconciled
D. conceded
42. Be sure not tomake the mistakes that cannot be ______.
A. reclaimed
B. retorted
C. rectified
D. renovated
43. The wagon trainshad to ______ Indian territory toreach California.
A. transpose
B. traverse
C. transfer
D. transmit
44. Asudden breeze ______ the calm surface of the lake.
A. rippled
B. wrinkled
C. folded
D. ruptured
45. The electricityfailure ______ the production of the factory.
A. corroded
B. lamed
C. magnified
D. crippled
46. The bus ______ toavoid striking a pedestrian.
A. swung
B. swerved
C. swayed
D. swarmed
47. He is stillworking very hard despite all the ______. I can't admiring his indomitable spirit.
A. adversities
B. anniversaries
C. universalities
D. adversaries
48. Make sure that youknow what fixtures and ______ will be left at your new home.
A. affiliates
B. linings
C. accessories
D. fittings
49. This is a mere______ that the woman reported dead looked like her daughter.
A. accident
B. incident
C. coincidence
D. agreement
50.Of the leg can be very serious in old people.
A. Fracture
B. Friction
C. Mixture
D. Fixture
Part II Reading Comprehension (40 points)
Directions: Thereare 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questionsor unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A.,B., C. and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the correspondingletter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage 1
Questions 51to 55 are based on the following passage:
Education is compulsory in Britain,whether at school or otherwise"; and "otherwise" is becomingmore popular. In 1999, only 12,000 children were listed as being home-schooled.Now that figure is 20,000, according to Mike Fortune Wood, an educationalresearcher. But he thinks that, as most home-taught children nevergo near a school and are therefore invisible to officialdom, the total isprobably nearer 50,000.
As usual, Britain lies between Europe and America.In Germany,home teaching is iliegal. In America,its huge; over 1 million children are home-schooled, mainly by religiousparents. These are a small minority among British home educators, who consist mainly of two types:hippyish middle-class parents who dislike schools on principle, and those whosechildren are unhappy at school.
The growth isoverwhelmingly in this second category, says Roland Meighan, a home-educationexpert and publisher. One reason is that technology has made home-educationeasier. The internet allows parents to know as much as teachers. It is a way oforganizing get-togethers, sharing tips and outwitting official hassles. Thatsupplements events such as the annual hoe-education festival last week, where1,600 parents and children enjoyed Egyptian dancing and labyrinth-building on amuddy hillside in Devon.
But a biggerreason for the growth is changing attitudes. Centralization, government targetsand a focus on exams have made state schools less customer-friendly and moreboring. Classes are still strictly based on age groups, which is hard forchildren who differ sharply from the average. Mr. Fortune Wood notes that theNational Health Service is now far more accommodating of patients' wishes abouttiming, venue and treatment. "It's all happened in health. Why cant ithappen in education?" he asks.
Perhaps becauseother businesses tend to make more effort to satisfy individual needs, parentsare getting increasingly picky. In the past, if their child was bullied, notcoping or bored, they tended to put up with it. Now they complain, and if thatdoesn't work they vote with their (children's) feet. Some educationalists worrythat home-schooling may hurt children's psychological and educationaldevelopment. Home educators cite statistics showing that it helps botheducational attainment and the course of grown-up.
Labor's latestbig idea in education is "personalization", which is intends to allowmuch more flexible timing and choice of subjects. In theory, that might stemthe drift to home-schooling. Many home educators would like to be able to useschool facilities occasionally —- in science lessons, say, or to sit exams. Butfor now, schools, and the officials who regulate them, like the near-monopolycreated by the rule of "all or nothing".
51.Why does the writer believe that British is between Europe and the United States?
A.Because home-schooling is legal, but relatively few parents choose to do it.
B.Because some parents home-school their children, but not for religious reasons.
C.Because home-schooling is legal, but not for religious reasons.
D.Because Britain is usually between Europe and the United States on social issues.
52.Parents who home-school their children use the internet for ______.
A.teaching their children a common syllabus
B.teaching their children better than teachers in schools
C.sharing ideas on how to avoid problems with government officials
D.teaching their children practical skills such as dancing and building
53.Why does the writer compare education and health service?
A.They are both services provided by the state.
B. More people are choosingprivate education and private health services nowadays.
C. The writer wants to show thatstate-run organization can be flexible.
D. The health service is used todealing with children who differ from the average.
54. What is themeaning of "picky" la paragraph-5, line 2?
A. choosy
B. impatient
C. outspoken
D. optional
55. The main purposeof the text is to ______.
A. support home-schooling
B. oppose home-schooling
C. point out that parents (mums and dads) maybe mistaken if they believe that home-schooling offers them more choice.
D. outline the reasons behind thegrowth in home-schooling in Britain
Passage2
Questions 56 to 60 are based on thefollowing passage:
Commuter trains areoften stuffy and crowded, and they frequently fail to run on time. As if thatwere not bad enough, Tsuyoshi Hondo, a physicist at Tohoku University in Japan,published a paper in 2002 that give commuters yet another reason tofeel-uncomfortable: Dr. Hondo examined mobile-phone usage in enclosed spacessuch as railway carriages, bushes and lifts, all of which are in essence, mete)boxes. His model predicted that a large number of passengers crowded together,all blathering sending text messages, or browsing the web on their phones,could produce levels of electromagnetic radiation that exceed internationalsafety standards. That is because the radio waves produced by each phone arereflected off the metal walls of the carriage, bus or lift. Enough radiationescapes to allow the phone to communicate with fee network, but the rest bathesthe inside of the carriage with bouncing microwaves.
This sounds worrying.Bui maybe it isn't after all. In a paper published recently in Appliedrhymes Letters, Jaime Ferreer and Lucas Fernandez-Seivane from the University of Oviedoin Spain— along with colleagues from the Polytechnic of Madrid and Telefonica Movies, aSpanish mobile operator dispute Dr. Hondou's findings. They conclude that thelevel of radiation is safe after all.
They key addition tothe new research is the effect of the passengers themselves. Wh.ie each phoneproduces radiation that bounces around the car, the passengers absorb some ofit, which has the effect of reducing the overall intensity, just as thepresence of an audience changes the acoustics of a concert hall, making it lessreverberant. Dr. Hondou's model, in short, was valid, only in the case of asingle passenger sitting in an empty carriage with an active mobile phone onevery seat.
While Dr. Hondou acknowledged this in his original paper, he did not specificallycalculate the effect that leaving out the other passengers would have on theradiation level. As a result, say the authors of the new paper, hesignificantly overestimated the level of electromagnetic radiation. When one issitting on a train, Dr. Ferrer and his colleagues found, the most importantsources of radiation are one's own phone, and those of one's immediateneighbors. The radiation from these sources far exceeds that from other phonesor from waves bouncing around the carriage. And all these sourcestogether produce a level of radiation within the bounds defined by the 1CNIRP,the international body that regulates such matters.
56. According toparagraph 1, the essential common characteristic of train carriages, bushes,and lifts is that ______.
A. they are all metal boxes
B. they are often stuffy andovercrowded
C. they all allow enough radiationto escape for mobile communications to take place
D. people use their mobile phonesin them
57. How could"levels of electromagnetic radiation that exceed international safetystandards" be produced?
A. Mobile phones give off a lot ofelectromagnetic radiation.
B. Train carriages, bushes, andlifts are not safe places to use mobile phones.
C. A lot of people could use theirmobile phones in a confined space at the same time.
D. Blathering produces radio waveswhich bounce around the interior of these places.
58. Why do the Spanishresearchers dispute Dr. Hondou's theory?
A. Because they are funded by amobile phone operator.
B. Because people absorbelectromagnetic radiation.
C. Because electromagneticradiation isn't dangerous at all.
D. Because Dr. Hondou assumed thatevery single person was using their mobile phone at exactly the same time.
59. Dr. Hondou'sresearch was not enough because ______.
A. he didn't have enough time toassess everything before his paper was published
B. he didn't admit that the people in thetrain carriages, bushes, and lifts could influence the level of electromagneticradiation.
C. he didn't investigate theeffect of people on electromagnetic radiation levels
D. Japan is a crowded country wherepeople often use mobile phones, so he only looked at that specific situation.
60. Accordingto the Spanish researchers, which of the following statements is true?
A. The closer you are to a mobilephone, the greater your exposure to electromagnetic radiation.
B. The closer you are to a mobile phone thatis being used to send and receive signals, the greater your exposure toelectromagnetic radiation.
C. The amount of electromagneticradiation reflected by metal is almost too small to be measured.
D. You shouldn't stand close topeople who are using their mobile phones in train carriages, bushes, and lifts.
Passage3
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the followingpassage:
Men and women do thinkdifferently, at least where the anatomy of the brain is concerned, according toa new study. The brain is made primarily of two different types of tissue,called gray matter and white matter. This new research reveals that men thinkmore with gray matter, and women think more with white. Researchers stressedthat just because the two sexes think differently, this does not affectintellectual performance.
Psychology professorRichard Haier of the University of California, Irvine ledthe research along with colleagues from the University of new Mexico.Their findings show that in general, men have nearly 6.6 times the amount ofgray matter related to general intelligence compared with women, whereas womenhave nearly 10 times the amount of white matter related to intelligencecompared to men. "These findings suggest that evolution has created twodifferent types of brains designed for equally intelligence behavior,"said Haier, adding that, "by pinpointing these gender-based intelligenceareas, the study has the potential to aid research on dementia and othercognitive impairment diseases in brain.
The results aredetailed in the online version of the journal Neurolmage. In human brains, graymatter represents information processing centers, whereas white matter works tonetwork these processing centers. The results from this study may help explainwhy men and women excel at different types of tasks, said co-author andneuron-psychologist Rex Jung of the University of New Mexico. Forexample, men tend to do better, with tasks requiring more localized processing,such as mathematics, Jung said, while women are better at integrating andassimilating information from distributed gray-matter regions of the brain,which aids language skills. Scientists find it very interesting that white menand women use two very different activity centers and neurological pathways,men and women perform equally well on board measures of cognitive ability-suchas intelligence tests.
This research alsogives insight to why different types of head injuries are more disastrous toone sex or the other. For example, in women 84 percent, of gray matter regionsand 86 percent of white matter regions involved in intellectual performancewere located in the frontal lobes, whereas the percentages of these regions ina man's frontal lobes are 45 percent and zero, respectively. This matches upwell with clinical data that shows frontal damage in women to be much moredestructive than the same type of damage in men. Both Haier and Jung hope thatthis research will someday help doctors diagnose brain disorders in men andwomen earlier, as well as provide help designing more effective and precisetreatments for brain damage. 61. Which of the following statements is true,according to paragraph 1? A. The brain is a monolithic organ. B. Intellectualability depends on which part of the brain is used. C. Intellectual abilityvaries between men and women. D. The anatomy of men's brains and women's brainsdiffer.
62. According to paragraph 2, this discovery issignificant because ______.
A. it is necessary to understand the anatomy of thebrain when dealing with disease that affect thought processes.
B. it shows that men and women are equallyintelligent
C. it shows that men and women are equallyintelligent overall, but specialize in different ways of thinking
D. many diseases of the brain are specific togender or the other
63. Which of the following statements is true aboutgray brain matter?
A. It helps put together information from differentparts of the brain.
B. It is used for processing information.
C. There is less of it in men'sbrains.
D. There is a direct correlationbetween the amount of gray matter and mathematical ability.
64. Which of the following statements is true aboutwhite brain matter?
A. Women have more of it than men.
B. It is used for putting together information fromdifferent parts of the brain.
C. There is a direct correlation between the amountof white brain matter and linguistic ability.
D. The amount of white brain matter is not directlyrelated to overall intelligence.
65. The final paragraph suggests that______.
A. Men and women are equally intelligent
B. Men and women have different frontal lobes
C. Head injuries can have varied effects, accordingto whether a person is male or female
D. The research will be useful to other scientists
Passage 4
Questions 66to 70 are based on the following passage:
Children are getting so fat they may be the first generation to die beforetheir parents, an expert claimed yesterday.
Today's youngsters are already falling prey to potential killers such asdiabetes because of their weight. Fatty fast-food diets combined with sedentarylifestyles dominated by televisions and computers could mean kids will die tragicallyyoung, says Professor Andrew Prentice, from the London School of Hygiene andTropical Medicine.
At the same time, the shape of the human body is going through a hugeevolutionary shift because adults are getting so fat. Here in Britain, latest research shows thatthe average waist size for a man is 36-38inand may be 42-44 inby 2032.
This compares with only 32.6inin 1972. Women's waists have grown from an average of 22in in 1920 to 24 ins in the Fifties and 30in now. One of the major reasons whychildren now are at greater risk is that we are getting fatter younger. In the UK alone, morethan one million under-16s are classed as overweight or obese double the numberin the mid-Eighties. One in ten four-year-olds are also medically classified asobese. The obesity pandemic — an extensive epidemic — which started in the US, has now spread to Europe, Australia, Central America and t he Middle East.
Many nations now record more than 20 per cent of their population asclinically obese and well over half the population as overweight. Prof Prenticesaid the change in our shape has been caused by a glut of easily availablehigh-energy foods combined with a dramatic drop in the energy we use as aresult of technology developments.
He is not alone in his concern. Only last week one medical journal revealedhow obesity was fuelling a rise in cancer cases. Obesity also increases therisk factor for strokes and heart disease. An averagely obese person's lifespanis shortened by around nine years while a severely obese person by many more.
Prof Prentice said: "So will parents outlive their children, asclaimed recently by an American obesity specialist?" The answer is yes —and no. Yes, when the offspring become grossly obese. This is now becoming analarmingly common occurrence in the US. Such children and adolescents havea greatly reduced quality of life in terms of both their physical andpsychosocial health. So say No to that doughnut and burger.
66. What does the word"sedentary (Para. 2)" mean?
A. sit still.
B. eat too much.
C. study very hard.
D. passive thinking.
67. Which statement isTRUE?
A. The average waist size for a man is 36-38in.
B. The average waist size for a woman is 30in.
C. In the mid-Eighties, more than half millionunder-16s in the UKare classed as overweight.
D. The obesity pandemic has now spread to South America.
68. According to Prof Prentice, what are thereasons for the change in our shape?
A. We eat too much and refuse to do physicalexercises.
B. High-energy foods are easy to get and technologydevelops fast.
C. High-energy foods are the main diet and we usetechnology.
D. High-energy foods are easy to get and we consumeless energy.
69.Obesity increases the risk factor of ______.
A. diabetes, short sight, cancer, strokes
B. diabetes, cancer, strokes, psychosocial illness
C. cancer, strokes, fatty, heart disease
D. strokes, heart disease, diabetes, headache
70. What does the author mean by "So say No tothat doughnut and burger"?
A. Answering the question "will parentsoutlive their children?”.
B. The doughnut and burger should be banned.
C. We should lead a healthy life.
D. We should begin dieting.
Part III Error correction (10 points)
Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In thispassage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You mayhave to change a word, add a word or delete a word. If you change a word, crossit out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add aword, put an insertion (A) in the correct place and write the missing word inthe blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and be sure to put a slash (/) inthe blank.
Example:
Television is rapidly becoming the literature ofour period. 　 1.time
Manyof the arguments having used for the study of literature as a  2.school
subjectare valid for A study of television. 3.The
Until the very latest moment of his existence, manhas been bound to
theplanet on which he originated and developed.
Now hehad the capability to leave that planet  1.______.
andmove out into the universe to those worlds which he has
known previouslyonly directly. Men have explored parts of  2. ______.
themoon, put spaceships in orbit around another planet and
possiblywithin the decade will land into another planet and  3.______.
exploreit. Can we be too bold as to suggest that we may be  4.______.
ableto colonize other planet within the not-too-distant  5.______.
future?Some have advocated such a procedure as a solution
to thepopulation problem: ship the excess people off to the
moon.But we must keep in head the billions of dollars we 　 6.______.
mightspend in carrying out the project, J o maintain the
earth'spop at its present level, we would have to last oft
intospace7,500people every how of every day of the year.
Why we spending so little money on space 　 7.______.
expleration? consider the great need for improving many  8.______.
aspectsof the global environment, one is surely justified in
hisconcern for the money and resources that they are poured 　 9.______.
intothe space exploration efforts. But perhaps we should
lookat both sides of the coin before arriving hasty 　 10.______.
conclusions.
PART IV Translation (10 points)
Translate the following passage into English.
我赞成这样的理想：人应该各反面都很出色，既要有头脑，也要有健美的体格。我希望能得到某种幸福和快乐。美国是能得到这些东西的最好的地方，因为这里的人和他们的思想来自世界各地方。至今到美国来寻梦的大有人在。
现在我明白了，决定美国梦能否实现的不是教育，不是机会，也不是艰苦的工作，而是权势和恐惧感。你在企业里爬到的地位很高，你失去的东西就越多。美国梦并没有破灭。今天在美国十分流行的想法就是：千万不能失去梦想。
PART V WRITING (15 points)
Directions: For thispart, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition ofno less than 200 words under the title of"What will money bring us, fortune or misfortune？” Yourcomposition should be based on the following story given in Chinese. Give atleast two reasons to support your choice.
夺命之物
一栋住宅楼发生了大火，一个中年男子在大火中丧生。奇怪的是，他5岁的儿子明明却逃了出来。有人问明明：“你是怎么逃出来的?”明明说：“我拿了一块湿毛巾捂住鼻子，贴在地上爬…”，这是科学有效的逃生方法。
人们不解：“你爸爸不会这么做吗？”
明明说：“会，是爸爸教我这么做的。爸爸和我一直爬到了门口，他说忘了一件东西，就又爬回去了。”
参加救火的消防员说，他们发现那具男尸时，他的手里紧紧攥着一沓百元大钞。
于是，人们明白了：有一种东西杀人夺命，比大火还厉害。（摘自《深圳青年》第三期上半月刊，作者廖钧）
Key:
1-10 D B C C A A C B D A
11-20 B C A D B D C B A B
21-30 C A B D C A B D C A
31-40 D C A B B A D C A B
41-50 C C B A D B A D C A
51-60 A C C A D A C B C B
61-70 D A B C C A C D B C

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