电子科技大学考博英语历年真题汇编及详解

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内容简介
目录
2008年秋电子科技大学考博英语真题
2007年春电子科技大学考博英语真题（含答案）
2005年春电子科技大学考博英语真题及详解
2005年秋电子科技大学考博英语真题及详解
2004年春电子科技大学考博英语真题
2004年秋电子科技大学考博英语真题及详解
2003年春电子科技大学考博英语真题及详解
2002年秋电子科技大学考博英语真题及详解
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2008年秋电子科技大学考博英语真题
Part I Vocabulary & Structure (15%; 0.5 foreach)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Thenmark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line throughthe centre.
1. ______ dull he may be, he is certainly a verysuccessful top executive.
[A]. Although
[B]. whatever
[C]. As
[D]. However
2.If only I ______ play the guitar as well as you!
[A] would
[B]. could
[C]. should
[D]. might
3. The party, ______ I was the guest of honour, wasextremely enjoyable.
[A]. by which
[B]. for which
[C]. to which
[D]. at which
4. It’s high time we ______ cutting down therainforests.
[A]. stopped
[B]. had to stop
[C]. shall stop
[D]. stop
5. The student said there were a few points in the essayhe ______ impossible to comprehend.
[A]. has found
[B]. was finding
[C]. had found
[D]. would find
6. Loudspeakers were fixed in the hall so that everyone______ an opportunity to hear the speech.
[A]. ought to have
[B]. must have
[C]. may have
[D]. should have
7. I am surprised ______ this city is a dull place tolive in.
[A] that you should think
[B]. by what you are thinking
[C] that you would think
[D]. with what you were thinking
8. Susan is very hardworking, but her pay is not ______ forher work.
[A]. enough good
[B]. good enough
[C]. as good enough
[D]. good as enough
9. It is imperative that the government ______ moreinvestment into the shipbuilding industry.
[A]. attracts
[B]. shall attract
[C]. attract
[D]. has to
10. Land belongs to the city; there is ______ hing asprivate ownership of land.
[A]. no such a
[B]. not such
[C]. not such a
[D]. no such
11. My daughter has walked eight miles today. We neverguessed that she could walk ______ far.
[A]. /
[B]. such
[C]. that
[D]. as
12. The statistics ______ that living standards in thearea have improved drastically in recent times.
[A]. proves
[B]. is proving
[C]. are proving
[D]. prove
13. There are only ten apples left in the baskets,______ the spoilt ones.
[A]. not counting
[B]. not to count
[C]. don’t count
[D]. having not counted
14.It was ______ we had hoped.
[A]. more a success than
[B]. a success more than
[C] as much of a success as
[D]. a success as much as
15. There used to be a petrol station near the park,______?
[A]. didn’t it
[B]. doesn’t there
[C]. usedn’t it?
[D]. didn’t there
16. It is an offence to show ______ against people ofdifferent races.
[A]. distinction
[B]. difference
[C]. separation
[D]. discrimination
17.A great amount of work has gone into ______ the
C.athedral to its previous splendour.
[A]. refreshing
[B]. restoring
[C]. renovating
[D]. renewing
18. The thieves fled with the local police close ontheir ______.
[A]. backs
[B]. necks
[C]. toes
[D]. heels
19. The economic recession has meant thatjob ______ is a rare thing.
[A]. security
[B]. safety
[C]. protection
[D]. secureness
20. Many people nowadays save money to ______ for theirold age.
[A]. cater
[B]. supply
[C]. provide
[D]. equip
21. The tone of the article ______ the writer’s mood atthe time.
[A]. reproduced
[B]. reflected
[C]. imagined
[D]. imitated
22. This is not the right ______ to ask for my help; Iam far too busy even to listen.
[A]. time
[B]. opportunity
[C]. chance
[D]. case
23. The job of a student accommodation officer ______ agreat many visits to landladies.
[A] concerns
[B]. offers
[C]. asks
[D]. involves
24. Our family doctor’s clinic ______ at the junction oftwo busy roads.
[A]. rests
[B]. stands
[C]. stays
[D]. seats
25. She was so fat that she could only just ______ throughthe door.
[A]. assemble
[B]. appear
[C]. squeeze
[D]. gather
26. After the heavy rain, a builder was called to repairthe roof, which was ______
[A] leaking
[B]. trickling
[C]. prominent
[D]. noticeable
27. The reception was attended by ______ members of thelocal community.
[A]. excellent
[B]. conspicuous
[C]. prominent
[D]. noticeable
28. Share prices on the Stock Exchange plunged sharplyin the morning but ______ slightly in the afternoon.
[A]. regained
[B]. recovered
[C]. restored
[D]. revived
29. His brain has worked away on the ideaof a universal cure.
[A]. rich
[B]. quick
[C]. productive
[D]. fertile
30. The couple has donated a not ______ amountof money to the foundation.
[A]. inconsiderable
[B]. inconsiderate
[C]. inaccurate
[D]. incomparable
Part II Reading Comprehension ( 50 scores; twofor each)
Directions: Thereare six passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B),C), and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
TEXT A
In the case of mobile phones, change is everything. Recent researchindicates that the mobile phone is changing not only our culture, but our verybodies as well.
First. Let’s talk about culture. The difference between the mobile phoneand its parent, the fixed-line phone, you get whoever answers it.
This has several implications. The most common one, however, and perhapsthe thing that has changed our culture forever, is the “meeting” influence.People no longer need to make firm plans about when and where to meet. Twentyyears ago, a Friday night would need to be arranged in advance. You neededenough time to allow everyone to get from their place of work to the firstmeeting place. Now, however, a night out can be arranged on the run. It is nolonger “see you there at 8”,but “text me around 8 and we’ll see where we all are”.
Texting changes people as well. In their paper, “insights into the Socialand Psychological Effects of SMS Text Messaging”, two British researchersdistinguished between two types of mobile phone users: the “talkers” and the“texters”-those who prefer voice to text message and those who prefer text tovoice.
They found that the mobile phone’s individuality and privacy gave textersthe ability to express a whole new outer personality. Texters were likely toreport that their family would be surprised if they were to read their texts.This suggests that texting allowed texters to present a self-image thatdiffered from the one familiar to those who knew them well.
Another scientist wrote of the changes that mobiles have brought to bodylanguage. There are two kinds that people use while speaking on the phone.There is the “speakeasy”: the head is held high, in a self-confident way,chatting away. And there is the “spacemaker”: these people focus on themselvesand keep out other people.
Who can blame them? Phone meetings get cancelled or reformed andcamera-phones intrude on people’s privacy. So, it is understandable if yourmobile makes you nervous. But perhaps you needn’t worry so much. After all, itis good to talk.
31.when people plan to meet nowadays, they ______
[A] arrange the meeting place beforehand.
[B] postpone fixing the place till last minute.
[C] seldom care about when and where to meet.
[D] still love to work out detailed meeting plans.
32. According to the two British researchers, thesocial and psychological effect are mostly likely to be seen on ______
[A] TALKERS　　
[B] the “speakeasy”　　
[C] the “spacemaker”　　
[D] texters
33. We can infer from the passage that the texts sentby texters are ______
[A] quite revealing　　
[B] well written
[C] unacceptable by others　　　
[D] shocking to others
34. According to the passage, who is afraid of beingheard while talking on the mobile?
[A] talkers　　　
[B] the speakeasy　　
[C]the spacemaker　　
[D] texters
35. An appropriate title for the passage might be______.
[A] the SMS effect　　　
[B] cultural implication of mobile use
[C] change in the use of the mobile　　　
[D] body language and the mobile phone!
TEXT B
Over the last 25 years, British society has changed a great deal-or atleast many parts of it have. In some ways, however, very little has changed,particularly where attitudes are concerned. Ideas about social class-whether aperson is “working-class” or “middle-class”-are one area in which changes havebeen extremely slow.
In the past, the working-class tended to be paid less than middle-classpeople, such as teachers and doctors. As a result of this and also of the factthat workers’ jobs were generally much less secure, distinct differences inlife-styles and attitudes came into existence. The typical working man wouldcollect his wages on Friday evening and then, it was widely believed, havinggiven his wife her “housekeeping”, would go out and squander the rest on beerand betting.
The stereotype of what a middle-class man did with his money was perhapsnearer the truth. He was-and still is—inclined to take a longer-term view. Not only did heregard buying a house of these provided him and his family with security. Onlyin very few cases did workers have the opportunity （or the education andtraining） to make such long-term plans.
Nowadays, a great deal has changed. In a large number of cases factoryworkers earn as much, if not more, than their middle-class supervisors. Socialsecurity and laws to improve century, have made it less necessary than beforeto worry about “tomorrow”. Working-class people seem slowly to be losing thefeeling of inferiority they had in the past. In fact there has been a growingtendency in the past few years for the middle-classes to feel slightly ashamedof their position.
The changes in both life-styles and attitudes are probably most easily seenamongst younger people. They generally tend to share very similar tastes inmusic and clothes, they spend their money in having a good time, and save forholidays or longer-term plans when necessary. There seems to be much lessdifference than in precious generations. Nevertheless, we still have a wide gapbetween the well-paid （whatever the type of job they may have） and the low-paid. As longas this gap exists, there will always be a possibility that new conflicts andjealousies will emerge, or rather that the old conflicts will re-appear, butbetween different groups.
36. whichof the following is seen as the cause of class differences in the past?
[A] life style and occupation　　
[B]Attitude and income
[C] income and job security　　
[D] job security and hobbies
37. thewriter seems to suggest that the description of is closer to truth?
[A] middle-class ways of spending money　
[B] working-class ways of spending the weekend
[C] working-class drinking habits　　
[D] middle-class attitudes
38.according to the passage, which of the following is not a typical feature ofthe middle -class?
[A] desiring for security 　　
[B] Making long term plans
[C] having priorities in life　　
[D] saving money
39.working-class people’s sense of security increased as a result of all thefollowing factors except?
[A] better social security　　　
[B] more job opportunities
[C] higher living standard　　
[D] better legal protection.
40. Whichof the following statements is incorrect?
[A] Changes are slowly taking place in all sectors ofthe British society.
[B] The gap between working-class and middle-classyoung people is narrowing.
[C] difference in income will remain but those inoccupation will disappear.
[D] middle-class people may sometimes feel inferior toworking-class people.
TEXT C
For several days I saw little of Mr. Rochester. In the morning he seemedmuch occupied with business, and in the afternoon gentlemen from theneighourhood called and some times stayed to dine with him. When his foot waswell enough, he rode out a great deal.
During this time, all my knowledge of him was limited to occasionalmeetings about the house, when he would sometimes pass me coldly, and sometimesbow and smile. His changes of manner did not offend me, because I saw that Ihad nothing to do with the cause of them.
One evening, several days later, I was invited to talk to Mr. Rochesterafter dinner. He was sitting in his armchair, and looked not quite so severe,and much less gloomy. There was a smile on his lips, and his eyes were bright,probably with wine. As I was looking at him, he suddenly turned, and asked me,“do you think I’m handsome, Miss Eyre?”
The answer somehow slipped from my tongue before I realized it: ‘No, sir.”
“ah, you really are unusual! You are a quiet, serious little person, butyou can be almost rude.”
“Sir, I’m sorry. I should have said that beauty doesn’t matter, orsomething like that,”
“no, you shouldn’t! I see, you criticize my appearance, and then you stabme in the back! You have honesty and feeling. There are not many girls likeyou. But perhaps I go too fast. Perhaps you have awful faults to counterbalanceyour few good points
I thought to myself that he might have too. He seemed to read my mind, andsaid quickly,” yes, you’re right. I have plenty of faults. I went the wrong waywhen I was twenty-one, and have never found the right path again. I might havebeen very different. I might have been as good as you, and perhaps wiser. I amnot a bad man, take my word for it, but I have done wrong. It wasn’t mycharacter, but circumstances which were to blame. Why do I tell you all this?Because you’re the sort of person people tell their problems and secrets to,because you’re sympathetic and give them hope.”
It seemed he had quite a lot to talk to me. He didn’t seem to like tofinish the talk quickly, as was the case for the first time.
“Don’t be afraid of me, Miss Eyre.” He continued. “You don’t relax or laughvery much, perhaps because of the effect Lowood school has had on you. But intime you will be more natural with me, and laugh, and speak freely. You’re likea bird in a cage. When you get out of the cage, you’ll fly very high. Goodnight.”
41. at the beginning miss Eyre’s impressions of Mr.Rochester were all except ______.
[A] busy　　　
[B] sociable　　　
[C] friendly　　
[D] changeable
42. in “……and all my knowledge of him was limited to occasional meetingsabout the house,…”.the word “about” means ______.
[A] around　　
[B] on　　　
[C] outside　　　
[D] concerning.
43. why did Mr. Rochester say “ ……and then you stab mein the back!” （7th para.）?
[A] because Jane had intended to kill him with a knife.
[B] because Jane had intended to be more critical.
[C] because Jane had regretted having talked to him.
[D] because Jane had said something else to correct herself.
44. from what Mr. Rochest told Miss Eyre, we canconclude that he wanted to ______.
[A] Tell her all his troubles　 　　
[B] tell her his life experience.
[C] change her opinion of him　 　
[D] change his circumstances
45. at the end of the passage, Mr. Rochester sounded______.
[A] rude　　　
[B] cold　　　
[C] friendly　　　
[D] encouraging.
TEXT D
The ideal companion machine-the computer-would not only look, feel, andsound friendly but would also be programmed to behave in a pleasant manner.Those qualities that make interaction comfortable, and yet the machine wouldremain slightly unpredictable and therefore interesting. In its first encounterit might be somewhat hesitant, but as it came to know the user it wouldprogress to a more relaxed and intimate style. The machine would not be apassive participant but would add its own suggestions, information, andopinions; it would sometimes take the initiative in developing or changing thetopic and would have a personality of its own.
Friendships are not made in a day, and the computer would be moreacceptable as a friend if it imitated the gradual changes that occur when oneperson is getting to know another. At an appropriate time it might also expressthe kind of affection that stimulates attachment and intimacy. The wholeprocess would be accomplished in a subtle way to avoid giving an impression ofover-familiarity that would be likely to produce irritation. After experiencinga wealth of powerful, well-timed friendship indicators, the user would be verylikely to accept the computer as far more than a machine and might well come toregard it as a friend.
An artificial relationship of this type would provide many of the benefitsthat could continue from previous discussions. It would have a familiarity withthe user’s life as revealed in earlier contact, and it would be understandingand good-humored. The computer’s own personality would be lively andimpressive, and it would develop in response to that of the user. With featuressuch as these, the machine might indeed become a very attractive socialpartner.
46. Which of the following is not a feature of theideal companion machine?
[A] Active in communication　　　
[B] Attractive in personality
[C] Enjoyable in performance　　　
[D] unpredictable in behaviour
47. The computer would develop friendships with humansin a （n） ______ way.
[A] quick　　　
[B] unpredictable　
[C] productive　　
[D] inconspicuous
48. Which of the following aspects is not mentionedwhen the passage discusses the benefits of artificial relationships?
[A] Being able to pick up an interesting conversation.
[B] Being sensitive to earlier contact.
[C] Being ready to learn about the person’s life.
[D] Having a pleasant and adaptable personality.
49 Throughout the passage, the author is ______ in hisattitude toward the computer.
[A] favorable　　　
[B] critical　　
[C] vague　　
[D] hesitant
50. Which might be the most appropriate title of thepassage?
[A] Artificial Relationships.　　　
[B] How to Form Intimate Relationships.
[C] The Affectionate Machine.　　　
[D] Humans and Computers.
Text E
Thousands of years ago man used handy rocks for hissurgical operations. Later he used sharp bone or horn, metal knives and morerecently, rubber and plastic. And that was where we stuck, in surgicalinstrument terms, for many years. In the 1960sa new tool was developed, onewhich was, first of all, to be of great practical use to the armed forces andindustry, but which was also, in time, to revolutionize the art and science ofsurgery.
The tool is the laser and it is being used by more andmore surgeons all over the world, for a very large number of differentcomplaints. The word laser means: Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission ofLight. As we all know, light is hot; any source of light—from the sun itselfdown to a humble match burning—will give warmth. But light is usually spreadout over a wide area. The light in a laser beam, however, is concentrated. Thismeans that a light with no more power than that produced by an ordinaryelectric light bulb becomes intensely strong as it is concentrated to apinpoint-sized beam.
Experiments with these pinpoint beams showed researchersthat different energy sources produce beams that have a particular effect oncertain living cells. It is now possible for eye surgeons to operate on theback of the human eye without harming the front of the eye, simply by passing alaser beam right through the eyeball. No knives, no stitches (刀口缝合), no unwanteddamage—a true surgical wonder.
Operations which once left patients exhausted and in needof long periods of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed andcomfortable. So much more difficult operations can now be tried.
The rapid developmentof laser techniques in the past ten years has made it clear that the future islikely to be very exciting. Perhaps some cancers will be treated with laser ina way that makes surgery not only safer but more effective. Altogether,tomorrow may see more and more information coming to light on the diseaseswhich can be treated medically.
51. Up until the 1960s the instruments used to performsurgical operations were______.
[A]fashionable　
[B]extraordinary　
[C]special
[D] basic
52. After the development of the laser in the 1960s, wefind that ______.
[A] medical help became available for industrial workers.
[B] the study of art went through a complete revolution.
[C] more and more surgeons began using surgicalinstruments.
[D] man’s whole approach to surgery changed completely
53.The laser beam is sostrong because______.
[A] it is composed of a concentrated beam of light
[B] its heat is increased by the heat of the sun
[C] it can be plugged into an ordinary light fitting
[D] it sends out heat in many different directions
54.Surgeons can nowcarry out operations which ______
[A] can be performed successfully only on the human eye
[B]result in long periods of recovery time for patients
[C]are made much more complicated by using the laser beam
[D]result in very little damage to the patients themselves
55.The rapid development of laser techniqueshas meant that ______
[A]in another ten years we shall be able to cure cancer
[B]surgery is likely to improve considerably
[C]we shall be able to treat all the diseases we suffer from
[D]we are now able to treat most forms of cancer
Part III Cloze (20 scores;one for each)
Directions: There are 20blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices markedA), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONEthat best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
In the United States,older people rarely live with their adult children. But in many other cultureschildren are expected to care 　56 their aged parents. In some parts ofItaly, the percentage of adult children who 　57 with their parents 　58 65 to 70 percent. In Thailand, too,children are expected to care for their elderly parents; few Thai elderly live 　59
56. [A]about　　 [B] after 　 　[C] for [D]over
57. [A]reside　　 [B] recite  [C] redeem　 　 [D] rebel
58. [A]amasses 　 [B] amounts  [C] attains　  [D] reaches
59. [A]lone　　 [B] alone  　[C] lonesome　  [D] lonely
Whatexplains these differences in living arrangements 　60 cultures? Modernization theory 　61 the extended family household to lowlevels of economic development. In traditional societies, the elderly live withtheir children in large extended family units for economic reasons. But withmodernization, children move to urban areas, leaving old people 　62 in 　63 rural areas. Yet modernization theorycannot explain why extended family households were never common in the UnitedStates or England, or why families in Italy, which is fully modernized, 　64 a strong tradition of intergenerationalliving. Clearly, economic development alone cannot explain 　65 living arrangements.60. [A] over　 [B] across [C]within　[D] above
61. [A]associated  [B] linked [C]united[D] combined
62. [A]aside  [B]after [C] over 　  [D] behind
63. [A]isolated  [B]segregated  [C] idealized  　 [D] secluded
64. [A]maintain　 　 [B]promote　  [C]reserve　  [D]support
65. [A]appointed 　 [B]assigned　 　 [C]preserved　 　 [D]preferred
Anothertheory associated intergenerational living arrangements with inheritancepatterns. In some cultures, the stem family pattern of inheritance 　66 . 　67 this system, parents live with a marriedchild, usually the oldest son, who then 　68 their property when they die. The stemfamily system was once common in Japan, but changes in inheritance laws, 　69 broader social changes brought 　70 by industrialization and urbanization,have 　71 the 　72 In 1960 about 80 percent of Japanese over65 lived with their children; by 1990 only 60 percent did—a figure that isstill high 　73 U. S. standards, but which has been 　74 steadily. In Korea, too, traditionalliving arrangements are 　75 : the percentage of aged Koreans who livewith a son declined from 77 percent in 1984 to 50 percent just 10 years later.Although most elderly Koreans still expect to live with a son, their adultchildren do not expect to live with their children when they grow old.
66. [A] controls　 　 [B]overtakes　 [C]predominates　 [D]overwhelms
67. [A] at　 　 [B]under [C]by [D]over
68. [A] delivers　  [B]conveys [C]conceives [D]inherits
69. [A] as well as 　 [B]might as well　 [C]as well　 [D]well as
70. [A] off　 　 [B]up [C]around　 [D]about
71. [A] undermined 　 [B]decreased　 [C]diminished [D]defeated
72. [A] authority　 　 [B]usage [C]habit　 [D]tradition
73. [A] by [B]on [C]with　 [D]in
74. [A] inclining　  [B]reclining [C]declining [D]reducing
75. [A] receding　  [B]removing　 [C]invading [D]eroding
PART IV WRITING (15 scores)
Directions: For this part, you are requiredto write a composition of about 200 words. You must base your composition onthe following outline:
Recentlya Beijing information company did a survey ofstudent life among more than 700 students in Beijing,Guangzhou, Xi’an,Chengdu, Shanghai,Wuhan, Nanjing, andShenyang. Theresults have shown that 67 percent of students think that saving money is agood habit while the rest believe that using tomorrow’s money today is better,what do you think?
Write on your answer sheet a compositions of about 200words.
l You are to write in three parts.
l In the first part, state specifically what you opinionis.
l In the second part, support your opinion withappropriate detail.
l In the last part, bring what you have written to anatural conclusion or a summary.
l You should supply an appropriate title for youcomposition.
Marks will be awarded for content, organization,grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in aloss of marks.

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