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2015年武汉大学242二外英语考研真题及详解
2014年武汉大学242二外英语考研真题及详解
2011年武汉大学242二外英语考研真题及详解
2010年武汉大学242二外英语考研真题及详解
2009年武汉大学213二外英语考研真题及详解
2008年武汉大学213二外英语考研真题及详解
2007年武汉大学213二外英语考研真题及详解
2006年武汉大学213二外英语考研真题及详解
2005年武汉大学213二外英语考研真题
2004年武汉大学213二外英语考研真题
2003年武汉大学206二外英语考研真题
2002年武汉大学206二外英语考研真题
2001年武汉大学106二外英语考研真题
2000年武汉大学106二外英语考研真题
1999年武汉大学903二外英语考研真题
说明：武汉大学“二外英语”的科目代码经常发生变化，如2010～2011年的科目代码为242，2004～2009年的科目代码为213；虽然考试科目代号发生改变，但考题风格、难度等变动不大。本书用242作为科目代码。
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2015年武汉大学242二外英语考研真题及详解
Part I ReadingComprehension (2×20=40%)
Directions: There are4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, Cand D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letteron the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
The past ages ofman have all been carefully labeled by anthropologists. Descriptions like“Palaeolithic Man”, “Neolithic Man”, etc., neatly sum up whole periods. Whenthe time comes for anthropologists to turn their attention to the twentiethcentury, they will surely choose the label “Legless Man”. Histories of the timewill go something like this: “In the twentieth century, people forgot how touse their legs. Men and women moved about in cars, buses and trains from a veryearly age. There were lifts and escalators in all large buildings to preventpeople from walking. This situation was forced upon earth dwellers of that timebecause of their extraordinary way of life. In those days, people thoughtnothing of travelling hundreds of miles each day. But the surprising thing isthat they didn’t use their legs even when they went on holiday. They builtcable railways, ski-lifts and roads to the top of every huge mountain. All thebeauty spots on earth were marred by the presence of large car parks.”
“The futurehistory books might also record that we were deprived of the use of oureyes. In our hurry to get from one place to another, we failed to seeanything on the way. Air travel gives you a bird’s-eye view of the world—oreven less if the wing of the aircraft happens to get in your way. When youtravel by car or train a blurred image of the countryside constantly smears thewindows. Car drivers, in particular, are forever obsessed with the urge to goon and on: they never want to stop. Is it the lure of the great motorways, orwhat? And as for sea travel, it hardly deserves mention. It is perfectly summedup in the words of the old song: “I joined the navy to see the world, and whatdid I see? I saw the sea.” The typical twentieth-century traveler is the manwho always says “I’ve been there.” You mention the remotest, most evocativeplace—names in the world like El Dorado, Kabul, Irkutsk and someone is bound tosay “I’ve been there”—meaning, “I drove through it at 100 miles an hour on theway to somewhere else.”
When you travelat high speeds, the present means nothing: you live mainly in the futurebecause you spend most of your time looking forward to arriving at some otherplace. But actual arrival, when it is achieved, is meaningless. You want tomove on again. By traveling like this, you suspend all experience; the presentceases to be a reality: you might just as well be dead. The traveler on foot,on the other hand, lives constantly in the present. For him traveling andarriving are one and the same thing: he arrives somewhere with every step hemakes. He experiences the present moment with his eyes, his ears and the wholeof his body. At the end of his journey he feels a delicious physical weariness.He knows that sound. Satisfying sleep will be his: the just reward of all truetravelers.
1.What’s the best title of the passage?
A. How to useyour legs in travel.
B. The best wayto travel.
C. The reward oftrue travel.
D. Possible waysto travel.
2. Anthropologists label man nowadays“Legless” (line 3-4, para 1. because _____.
A. lifts preventpeople from walking
B. people forgethow to use their legs
C. people prefercars, buses and trains
D. modernvehicles have replaced walking
3.While traveling at high speeds, _____.
A. people canget more pleasure from it
B. people alwaysfocus on next destination
C. people canenjoy the view of the destination
D. people caremuch about the arrangement of the journey
4. The author says “we are deprivedof the use of our eyes” because _____.
A. people can’tget a clear picture of the view along
B. eyes becomeuseless in traveling at high speeds
C. people wantto sleep during traveling
D. people won’tuse their eyes
5.What does the author want to tell us?
A. Legs becomeweaker.
B. There is no needto use legs or eyes.
C. Modern meansof transportation make the world a small place.
D. We shouldexperience the present heart and soul while traveling.
【答案与解析】
1.B 归纳题。文章第一段和第二段分别讲述了旅行不用脚、不用眼等情况，第三段先批评现代人只知一味向前，现实不再是现实，然后说明用脚旅行才是最佳方式。故文章的标题应为“最佳旅行方式”，所以正确答案应该是B选项。
2.D 归纳题。答题信息在第一段，这里提到人们外出就坐车、公共汽车、火车；大楼里有电梯、自动扶梯；即使度假期间，他们筑有缆车道、滑雪索道和路直通山顶的路，所有的风景旅游区都有大型的停车场。现代交通工具代替了人们走路，所以人类学家将之标为“无腿的时代”，故D选项正确。
3.B 细节题。由第三段第一句话“When you travel at high speeds, the present means nothing: you livemainly in the future because you spend most of your time looking forward toarriving at some other place.”可知，当快节奏的旅行时，现在的时光没有任何意义，你主要生活在未来，因为你大部分时间都在盼望到达其他地方。所以B选项“人们总是关注下个目的地”为正确答案。
4.A 推理题。答题信息在第二段，这里提到由一地转向另一地，路上你什么也看不到，乘飞机时只能俯瞰世界；乘汽车火车时，只见朦胧景象略过窗子；海上旅行，只看到海。因此A选项“人们不能清楚地看到途中风景”为正确答案。
5.D 推理题。通过文章最后一段，可知作者认为真正的旅行应该是全身心地体验旅行。该段倒数第四句话提到“He experiences the present moment with his eyes, his ears and thewhole of his body.”，因此D选项正确，A、C两项在文中没有体现，而B选项错误。
Passage Two
If you findyourself waiting in a long queue at an airport or bus terminus this holiday,will you try to analyse what it is about queuing that makes you angry? Or willyou just get angry with the nearest official?
ProfessorRichard Larson, an electrical engineer at the Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology, hates queuing but rather than tear his hair out, he decided tostudy the subject. His first finding, which backs up earlier work at the USNational Science Foundation, was that the degree of annoyance was not directlyrelated to the time. He cites an experiment at Houston airport where passengershad to walk for one minute from the plane to the baggage reclaim and then waita further seven minutes to collect their luggage. Complaints were frequent,especially from those who had spent seven minutes watching passengers with justhand baggage get out immediately.
The airportauthorities decided to lengthen the walk from the aircraft, so that instead ofa one-minute fast walk, the passengers spent six minutes walking. When theyfinally arrived at the baggage reclaim, the delay was then only two minutes.The extra walk extended the delay by five minutes for those carrying only handbaggage, but passenger complaints dropped almost to zero.
The reason?Larson suggests that it all has to do with what he calls “social justice”. Ifpeople see others taking a short cut, they will find the wait unbearable. So inthe case of the airport, it was preferable to delay everyone.
Another aspectLarson studied was the observation that people get more fed up ifthey are not told what is going on. Passengers told that there will be ahalf-hour delay are less unhappy than those left waiting even twenty minuteswithout an explanation.
But even knowinghow long we have to wait isn’t the whole answer. We must also believe thateverything is being done to minimize our delay. Larson cites the example of twoneighbouring American banks. One was highly computerised and served a customer,on average, every 30 seconds. The other bank was less automated and took twiceas long. But because the tellers at the second bank looked extremely busy,customers believed the service was faster and many transferred their accountsto the slower bank. Ultimately, the first bank had to introduce time-wastingways of appearing more dynamic.
6. Lengthening the walk from the airport tothe baggage reclaim is to _____.
A. tell peoplehow to avoid standing in a queue
B. teach peoplehow to relieve anger while waiting
C. preventpeople from feeling angry while waiting
D. teach peoplehow to stand in a queue comfortably
7. Which of the following statements isTRUE with regard to the Houston Airport experiment?
A. When all thetravelers had to wait for 2 minutes, there were hardly any complaints.
B. When thewalking time was extended to 6 minutes, there were hardly any complaints.
C. According toLarson’s study, the long waiting was the cause of annoyance.
D. ProfessorRichard Larson hates queuing so much that he tears his hair out.
8.The passage implies that _____.
A. people tendto trust their eyes rather than their brain
B. people won’tfeel angry if they are informed of everything
C. it’sunbearable for the airport to delay everyone
D. passengersshould be encouraged to carry hand baggage
9. The phrase “fed up” in thelast but one paragraph means _____.
A. confused
B. annoyed
C. excited
D. satisfied
10. Customers transferred their accounts tothe slower bank, because _____.
A. customersdidn’t trust computers
B. they didn’tlike the inefficiency of the old bank
C. the tellersseemed more efficient
D. the tellersdid everything to minimize the delay
【答案与解析】
6.C 事实判断题。答题信息在文章第三段最后一句话“The extra walk extended the delay by five minutes for those carryingonly hand baggage, but passenger complaints dropped almost to zero”，这里提到延长从飞机到行李认领处的距离后，旅客不再抱怨了。因此C选项“防止旅客在等待过程中生气”为正确答案。
7.B 细节判断题。由文章第三段第一句话“The airport authorities decided to lengthen the walk from theaircraft, so that instead of a one-minute fast walk, the passengers spent sixminutes walking.”可知，从飞机到行李认领处的走路时间被延长至6分钟，因此B选项正确，同时也可以得知A选项错误。第二段第二句提到“the degree ofannoyance was not directly related to the time”，因此C选项不正确。通过第二段第一句可知Professor Richard Larson “hates queuing but rather than tear hishair out”，因此D项也不正确。
8.A 事实推理题。通过文中所举的例子，以及文章最后一句提到的“Ultimately, the first bank had to introduce time-wasting ways ofappearing more dynamic.” (最后，第一家也不得不采用费时但看起来更有动态变化的方式)，可以得知作者认为“people tend to trust their eyes rather than their brain”，人们倾向于相信自己的眼睛而不愿意相信自己的头脑。因此A选项为正确答案。
9.B 词义判断题。通过下文中提到被告诉时间的人们会“less unhappy”，可知若不被告诉事情进展，人们可能会更不高兴，因此应该选B项annoyed“恼怒的；烦闷的”。
10.C 细节判断题。根据最后一段倒数第二句话“But because the tellers at the second bank looked extremely busy,customers believed the service was faster and many transferred their accountsto the slower bank.”可知，人们选择实际上更慢的银行是因为那里的出纳员看起来更有效率。
Passage Three
According topsychologists, an emotion is aroused when a man or animal views something aseither bad or good. When a person feels like running away from something hethinks will hurt him, we call this emotion fear. If the person wants to removethe danger by attacking it, we call the emotion anger. The emotions of joy andlove are aroused when we think something can help us. An emotion does not haveto be created by something in the outside world. It can be created by aperson’s thoughts.
Everyone hasemotions. Many psychologists believe that infants are born without emotions.They believe children learn emotions just as they learn to read and write. Agrowing child not only learns his emotions but learns how to act in certainsituations because of an emotion.
Psychologiststhink that there are two types of emotions: positive and negative. Positiveemotions include love, liking, joy, delight, and hope. They are aroused bysomething that appeals to a person. Negative emotions make a person unhappy ordissatisfied. They include anger, fear, despair, sadness, and disgust. Ingrowing up, a person learns to cope with the negative emotions in order to behappy. And if a person has the ability to tackle negative emotions so that heis not affected terribly by the unhappiness and dissatisfaction, he will live abetter life.
Emotions may beweak or strong. Some strong emotions are so unpleasant that a person will tryany means to escape from them in order to feel happy. The person may chooseunusual ways to avoid the emotion. They may choose drinking alcohol or eventaking drugs to make them forget the sadness. However, sometimes, the excessiveways of escaping only result in tragedy.
Strong emotionscan make it hard to think and to solve problems. They may prevent a person fromlearning or paying attention to what he is doing. For example, a student takingan examination may be so worried about failing that he cannot think properly.The worry drains valuable mental energy he needs for theexamination.
11. The purpose of the author in writingthis passage is to _____.
A. define andclassify emotions
B. explain howemotions function
C. show howpeople avoid the negative emotions
D. explain howmany kinds of emotions people have
12. According to the passage, an emotion iscreated by something _____.
A. one thinkshelpful
B. one thinkswill hurt
C. one thinksbad or good
D. one faces inthe outside world
13. Which of the following statements isNOT true according to the passage?
A. Babies areborn without emotions.
B. Childrenlearn emotions as they grow up.
C. People cancope with the negative emotions in life.
D. Emotionsfall into two types in general, weak and strong.
14. The underlined word “drains”in the last sentence means _____.
A. stops
B. ties
C. weakens
D. flows
15. We can safely conclude from the passagethat _____.
A. dealing withdifficulties is one of man’s inborn ability
B. the eventsof the material world create a person’s emotions
C. people maytry to avoid such emotions as anger and despair
D. a studentmay fail in an exam if he cannot pay attention to it
【答案与解析】
11.A 主旨归纳题。文章第一、二段首先指出情绪是怎么产生的，什么是情绪。第三段具体解释了两种类型的情绪，并且在最后两段说明了情绪对人的影响。A项“情绪的定义和分类”能够概括全文，因此选A项。B、C、D选项的内容为文章的部分内容，不能概括全文，因此排除。
12.C 细节题。答题信息在文章第一句话“According to psychologists, an emotion is aroused when a man oranimal views something as either bad or good”，由此可知，人的情绪是由对事情好坏的判断产生的。因此正确答案是C选项。
13.D 事实判断题。题干中问到选项中哪一项不正确。根据文章第二段提到的“Many psychologists believe that infants are born without emotions.”以及“They believe children learnemotions just as...”可以得知A、B选项都正确。根据第三段“In growing up, aperson learns to cope with the negative emotions in order to be happy.”可知C项也正确。而通过第三段第一句“Psychologiststhink that there are two types of emotions: positive and negative.”可以判断D选项错误。
14.C 词义推理题。该单词的词意可以通过语境判断，前文提到强烈的情绪会分散注意力，而这里举例学生因为担心而drains his energy，即消耗能量，显然应该选weakens，所以答案应该是C选项。
15.D 事实推理题。根据文章最后一段的内容，作者指出对考试失败的担心会分散学生的注意力，所以有理由推断D选项正确。
Passage Four
Polyester is nowbeing used for bottles. ICI, the chemicals and plastics company believes thatit is now beginning to break the grip of glass on the bottle business and thustake advantage of this huge market.
All the plasticsmanufacturers have been experiencing hard times as their traditional productshave been doing badly world-wide for the last few years. Between 1982 and 1984the Plastics Division of ICI had lost a hundred and twenty million dollars, andthey felt that the most hopeful new market was in packaging, bottles and cans.
Since 1982 ithas opened three new factories producing ‘Melinar’, the raw material from whichhigh quality polyester bottles are made.
The polyesterbottle was born in the 1970s, when soft drinks companies like Coca Cola startedselling their drinks in giant two-litre containers. Because of the build-up ofthe pressure of gas in these large containers, glass was unsuitable. Nor wasPVC, the plastic which had been used for bottles since the 1960s, suitable fordrinks with gas in them. A new plastic had to be made.
Glass is stillcheaper for the smaller bottles, and will continue to be so unless oil andplastic become much cheaper, but plastic does well for the larger sizes.
Polyesterbottles are virtually unbreakable. The manufacturers claim they are alsolighter, less noisy when being handled, and can be re-used. Shopkeepers andother business people are unlikely to object to a change from glass topolyester, since these bottles mean few breakages, which are costly andtime-consuming. The public, though, have been more difficult to persuade. ICI’scommercial department is developing different bottles with interesting shapes,to try and make them visually more attractive to the public.
The next stepcould be to develop a plastic which could replace tins for food. The problemhere is the high temperatures necessary for cooking the food in the container.
16.In the 1980’s the plastics manufacturers came to realize that they _____.
A. shoulddevelop packaging, bottles and cans products
B. must furtherincrease their traditional products
C. should stopthe manufacture of plastics
D. should raisemore funds
17. The reason why ICI’s Plastic Divisionis interested in polyester bottles is that _____.
A. raw materialrises in price
B. polyesterbottles are welcome
C. glassbottles are very expensive
D. other thingsthey manufacture are not selling well
18.We may infer that the public _____.
A. likepolyester bottles very much
B. completelygive up using glass bottles
C. is unlikelyto object to a change from glass to polyester
D. still liketraditional glass bottles
19. Manufacturers believe that polyesterbottles are _____.
A. unbreakable
B. lighter
C. less noisywhen being handled
D. all of theabove
20. It is implied but not directly statedthat ICI, the chemicals and plastics company _____.
A. will notmaintain the status quo
B. tries tomanufacture more colorful bottles
C. is contentwith the previous achievement
D. is unwillingto develop any other plastic products
【答案与解析】
16.A 细节题。根据题干中出现的80年代，可以定位到文章第二段。由第二段最后一句“they felt that the most hopeful new market was in packaging, bottlesand cans”可知，塑料厂商意识到他们要开发包装材料、瓶子和罐子产品。因此A选项为正确答案，B、C、D选项中的信息在文中都没有体现。
17.D 细节题。答题信息在第二段第一句“as their traditional products have been doing badly world-wide forthe last few years”，这里提到他们的传统产品过去几年在全世界范围内销量都很不好，所以D项是正确答案。
18.D 推理题。答题信息在文章倒数第二段倒数第二句话“The public, though, have been more difficult to persuade”，这里提到要说服公众接受把玻璃换成聚酯产品有些困难，可见D选项“公众更喜欢传统的玻璃瓶”符合题意。
19.D 细节题。由倒数第二段前两句话可知，生产商认为聚酯产品“unbreakable”、“lighter”、“less noisy when being handled, and can be re-used”，因此A、B、C选项中的内容都有体现，所以正确答案应该为D选项。
20.A 推理题。题干中问到文中没有直接说明但是暗含的内容，因而首先可以排除B项,因为文中有直接说明。C选项和D选项不符合题意，因为ICI塑料生产商没有满足于现状，正在努力开发新产品，因而只有A项为正确答案。
Part II Vocabulary and Structure (0.5×30=15%)
Directions: There are30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choicesmarked.A., B., C. and D.. Choose the ONE answer that best completes thesentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a singleline through the centre.
21. The meeting was _____ over by the mayorto discuss the tax raise in the city.
A. presumed
B. propelled
C. presided
D. prickled
【答案】C查看答案
【解析】句意：会议由市长主持，讨论该市税收增加的问题。preside over“主持”，符合题意。presume假设，推测。propel推进，激励；prick刺，刺痛。根据词义可知C项为正确答案。
22. He gradually _____ that her parents hadbeen right and his decision had to be modified.
A. perceived
B. pioneered
C. plagued
D. transformed
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】句意：他逐渐觉察到她的父母是对的，他必须改变自己的决定。perceive意为“觉察，感知”，符合句意。pioneer开拓，开辟。plague折磨，使苦恼。transform转变，改变。
23. A man who could _____ such treatment was a man of remarkablephysical courage and moral strength.
A. bear upon
B. take on
C. stand up to
D. substitute
【答案】C查看答案
【解析】句意：能够承受这种治疗的人必定拥有过人的勇气和强大的精神力量。stand up to意为“经得住”，符合句意。bear upon影响到，对……施加压力。take on呈现，承担。substitute代替。
24. A passion for the theater which may demonstrate all the ways oflife can be fairly satisfying _____ for life.
A. substance
B. imitation
C. repetition
D. substitute
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】句意：电影能够展现出形形色色的生活，对电影的热爱可以成为一个相当令人满意的生活的替代品。substitute含有“替代品”的意思，符合句意。substance物质。imitation模仿，仿制品。repetition重复；重演。
25. His strange behavior greatly, _____ meand my friends as well that evening.
A. perplexed
B. exhausted
C. exclaimed
D. exceeded
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】句意：他那天晚上表现得很反常，我和我的朋友都感到不可理解。perplex使迷惑。exhaust使筋疲力尽。exclaim大叫。exceed超越，凌驾。结合句意，只有A选项合适。
26. They _____ those who didn’t conform to their ideas, and tookadvantage of those who agreed with them.
A. explored
B. persecuted
C. extended
D. pinched
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】句意：他们迫害那些与自己观念不一致的人，利用那些认同他们的人。B选项persecute意为“迫害”，符合句意。explore探索；extend延伸；pinch使苦恼。
27. According to the international regulation, the playing of thenational anthem _____ all sports events.
A. repels
B. remarks
C. precedes
D. requires
【答案】C查看答案
【解析】句意：根据国际规定，体育比赛前都要奏国歌。repel击退，驱逐。remark讲述，注意。precede在……之前。require要求。结合句意，只有C选项合适。
28. We all knew from the very _____ thatthe plan would fail. Now you see it has become true.
A. outcome
B. outset
C. upshot
D. outbreak
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】句意：我们大家在一开始就知道那项计划会失败，现在事实证明的确如此。outcome结果。outset开端。upshot结果，结局。outbreak爆发，突发。根据句意，只有B选项合适。fromthe (very) outset为固定搭配，意思为“从一开始”。
29. His constant attempts to _____ his colleagues’ achievementeventually caused his dismissal.
A. withdraw
B. diminish
C. restrain
D. confine
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】句意：他一再试图贬低同事的成绩，最终导致自己被辞退。diminish意为“使减少，贬低”，符合句意。withdraw撤退。restrain制止，抑制。confine将……局限于。
30. They have _____ the dance many times for the better effectbefore they performed in the theater.
A. overtaken
B. interchanged
C. entreated
D. rehearsed
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】句意：他们在剧院演出之前已经排练这个舞蹈很多次了，希望取得更好的演出效果。overtake赶上，超过。interchange交换，交替。entreat恳求。rehearse排练。结合句意，只有D选项合适。
31. This work costs us nothing; it’s alldone by _____.
A. volunteers
B. youngsters
C.entrepreneurs
D. acquaintance
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】句意：在这项工作中我们什么也没做,全是由志愿者完成的。volunteer志愿者。youngster年轻人。entrepreneur企业家。acquaintance认识的人。结合句意，只有A选项合适。
32. The writer _____ life in a refugee campvery vividly.
A. probes
B. values
C. creates
D. portrays
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】句意：作者生动地描述了难民营中的生活。portray意为“描绘”，符合句意。probe调查。value重视，评价。create创造，创作。
33. There have been a number of _____between police in riot gear and demonstrators.
A. clasps
B. clamps
C. clashes
D. clips
【答案】C查看答案
【解析】句意：防暴警察和示威人群已发生多次冲突。clasp钩，扣子。clamp钳；夹钳。clash冲突。clip夹子，回形针。结合句意，只有C选项合适。
34. A good vocabulary is _____ to asuccessful business career.
A. dynamic
B. excessive
C. extensive
D. indispensable
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】句意：丰富的词汇量在成功的商务生涯中必不可少。indispensable意为“不可缺少的，绝对必要的”，符合句意。dynamic有活力的。excessive过多的，过度的。extensive广泛的，大量的。
35. They played the music of Mozart at aslow _____.
A. tempo
B. rhythm
C. rate
D. rating
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】句意：他们以缓慢的速度演奏莫扎特的音乐。tempo节拍，（音乐的）速度。rhythm韵律。rate频率。rating(电视节目的) 收视率。结合题干信息，只有A选项合适。
36. The company does not _____ between men and women—everyone ispaid at the same rate.
A. deviate
B. fluctuate
C. mediate
D.differentiate
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】句意：这个公司并没有区别对待男性和女性的员工——给他们支付同等待遇的薪资。differentiate意为“区别，使有差别”符合题意。deviate使偏离。fluctuate使波动，使动摇。mediate调停。
37. The old man is only the _____ head ofthe business; his daughter makes all the decisions.
A. obedient
B. nominal
C. petty
D. minor
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】句意：那老人只是这家企业名义上的负责人，是他女儿做出一切决定。nominal“名义上的，有名无实的”，符合句意。obedient顺从的，服从的。petty琐碎的，小气的。minor次要的。
38. He _____ of the first truly portablecomputer in 1968.
A. conceived
B. clutched
C. strove
D. groped
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】句意：1968年，他构想出第一台真正的便携式计算机。conceive of意为“想出，构想”，符合句意。clutch与at连用，意为“抓住”。strive一般和for连用，意为“为……努力”。grope后接for，意为“摸索……”。
39. Small wonder that many voters holdtheir politicians in _____.
A. complaint
B. census
C. consensus
D. contempt
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】句意：无怪乎很多选民看不起他们的政治家。contempt有“轻视，蔑视”之意；hold in contempt为固定结构，意为“认为…不屑一顾；轻视”。因此D选项为正确答案。
40. He wrote quite a few _____ because heloved to make people laugh.
A. comedies
B. tragedies
C. melodies
D. ballets
【答案】A 查看答案
【解析】句意：他写了很多喜剧，因为他喜欢逗人们笑。comedy喜剧。tragedy悲剧。melody旋律。ballet芭蕾舞剧。结合题干，只有A选项合适。
41. After riding on a merry-go-round, shestarted to feel _____ and had to lie down.
A. dizzy
B. bewildered
C. nasty
D. painful
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】句意：骑过旋转木马后，她开始觉得眩晕，不得不躺下休息。dizzy意为“眩晕的”符合题意。bewildered困惑的，不知所措的。nasty可恶的。painful痛苦的。
42. The beauty of Venice, which fascinatesall the visitors, _____ the style of its ancient buildings.
A. consists in
B. rests on
C. results in
D. depends on
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】句意：让所有游客着迷的威尼斯之美在于其古建筑的风格。consist in意为“在于，存在于”，符合题意。rest on依靠，停留于。result in导致。depend on取决于，依赖于。
43. The general insisted on taking _____ ashe did not trust the defeated leaders.
A. captives
B. hostages
C. rivals
D. opponents
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】句意：将军坚持要扣留人质，因为他不信任那些战败的领导人。hostage“人质”，take hostages意为“扣留人质”，符合题意。captive俘虏。rival对手。opponent反对者。根据句意，B选项最合适。
44. Before the hospital treatment, he looked like a _____ but amonth later he said he felt like an Olympic champion.
A. skeleton
B. survival
C. patient
D. framework
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】句意：住院治疗之前，他看起来骨瘦如柴，但一个月后他说感觉自己像奥运冠军。skeleton意为“骨架，骨瘦如柴的人”，符合题意。survival幸存者。patient病人。framework框架，结构。
45. Traveling around the world and meetingnew people broadened the young man’s _____.
A. conceptions
B. intelligence
C. perceptions
D. horizons
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】句意：周游世界，认识不同的人开阔了年轻人的眼界。broaden one’s horizons意为“开拓眼界”，故D选项合适。
46. It is estimated that the total of _____from the country overseas will this year reach 150,000.
A. migrants
B. immigrants
C. emigrants
D. inhabitants
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】句意：估计今年来自海外的移民数量会达到15万。migrant迁移人口。immigrant（外来）移民；emigrant移民（本国移出）。inhabitant居民。结合句意，可知B选项合适。
47. Experience leads me to think that it isnot always good to get _____ with strangers.
A. tolerant
B. confidential
C. enthusiastic
D. agreeable
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】句意：经验让我知道信任陌生人并不总是一件好事。confidential有“表示信任的，亲密的”的意思，符合题意。
48. The English language is capable ofexpressing many subtle _____ of meanings.
A. levels
B. concepts
C. shades
D. implications
【答案】C查看答案
【解析】句意：英语能表达很多微妙的语义变化。shade 含有“(抽象事物的)细微差别,不同方面”的意思。根据句意，subtle shade ofmeaning“微妙语义变化”更合适，因此正确答案应为C选项。
49. The waste of soil by washing is among the most dangerous of allwastes _____ progress in the United States.
A. of
B. in
C. on
D. to
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】句意：淋洗造成的土壤浪费，是正发生在美国的最危险的浪费之一。in progress是固定结构，意为“在进行中”。
50. Night was falling. All was darkness_____ an occasional glimmer in the distance.
A. despite
B. besides
C. but for
D. except for
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】句意：夜幕正在降临，除了远处偶尔会有闪光外，一片漆黑。except for表示“除……以外”，指对某种基本情况进行具体的细节方面的修正补充。所以D项正确答案。despite尽管，不管。besides除…之外(还)。but for要不是，如果不是。
Part IIICloze (1×20=20%)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank thereare four choices marked A., B., C. and D.. You should choose the ONE that bestfits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheetwith a single line through the centre.
It seems thattrees can talk to each other. Two American biologists at the University ofWashington carried out an interesting (51) inthe early 1980s. They placed (52) of harmfulinsects on the branches of some trees in order to discover (53)trees defend themselves from attack. They found that the chemical (54)of leaves on the tree (55) the insectswere soon began to change. The leaves changed so much (56)it was soon impossible for the insects to eat such (57). The insects began to die (58) starvations. (59) , the scientists’ most surprising (60)was that the chemical composition of leaves changed on neighboringtrees as well as on those already (61) byinsects. Those trees were not yet under (62) andyet they were getting ready to defend themselves (63) attack. It seems that the trees were (64) passinginformation to each other. The trees were so (65) apartthat there was no (66) contact between theirbranches. (67) were they close enough for theirroots to touch.
A similarAmerican experiment was (68) out on a differentkind of tree. (69) the same results wereobtained. No one knows for certain how the trees pass information to theirneighbors but some scientists think that they may (70) chemicalsinto the air to warn their fellows of danger.
51. A. search B.inquiry C.exploration D.survey
52. A. quantity B.swarms C.amount D.sums
53. A. when B.what C.why D.how
54. A. composition B.content C.construction D.structure
55. A. here B.there C.where D.which
56. A. yet B.that C.therefore D.and
57. A. trees B.trunks C.leaves D.branches
58. A. for B.of C.since D.with
59. A. However B.Instead C.Fortunately D.Therefore
60. A. invention B.exposure C.discovery D.contribution
61. A. brought B.imposed C.affected D.effected
62. A. attack B.damage C.control D.consideration
63. A. by B.with C.from D.under
64. A. somewhere B.sometime C.somehow D.somewhat
65. A. far B.further C.long D.farther
66. A. chemical B.biological C.psychological D.physical
67. A. Or B.So C.Either D.Neither
68. A. given B.carried C.broke D.held
69. A. Exactly B.Precisely C.Accurately D.Punctually
70. A. release B.pass C.transfer D.deliver
【答案与解析】
51.D 词义辨析。survey调查；审视。search搜寻，寻找，搜索。inquiry询问；查问；探究（真理等）。exploration探索；勘测。本题选D项，这里的survey指的是研究调查。
52.B swarms of“一群”可以修饰后面的虫子，sums of一般用来修饰钱，A项与C项的形式不正确，应该为a quantityof/quantities of和anamount of/amounts of。
53.D 此处应填入discover后面宾语从句的连接词，结合题干信息，此处应为“发现树木如何抵御攻击”，因此应该选择how。
54.A 词义辨析。chemical composition为固定结构，意为“化学成分，化学组成”符合题意。content内容；construction构造；structure结构。
55.C 此处为修饰tree的定语从句，结合题干信息，“虫子所在的树木”，因此要用连接词where，故C项正确。
56.B 这里为so...that句式，“太……以致”，句意为：树叶的改变如此大，以致虫子不能再吃这样的叶子。
57.C 此处考察信息照应。根据前后题干信息，这里只能填leaves，因为前面提到是叶子的改变太大，以致虫子不能吃。
58.B 此处考察词组搭配。die of“因……死，死于”，后接死因，这里指“死于饥饿”符合题意。die for渴望，迫切想要，为……而死。
59.A 根据题干信息，这里表转折的意思，因此要用转折连词however意为“然而，可是”。
60.C 词义辨析。根据题干信息，此处应为“惊人的发现”，故discovery“发现”符合题意。invention发明。exposure暴露，揭露。contribution贡献，捐献。
61.C 根据语境信息，这里应该为already affected by insects，意为“已经受虫子影响的树木”。affect“影响”，affected为其过去分词形式做后置定语修饰前面的代词those。brought为bring“带来”的过去分词形式。impose强加。effect起作用；达到目的。
62.A 此处考察词组搭配。根据语境，可知under attack“受到攻击”符合题意，因此A是正确答案。
63.C 此处考察动词defend的用法。defend 与from连用，意为“防卫…以免于；保卫”，因此C正确。
64.C 副词词义。根据语境，此处应为副词somehow“以某种方法；莫名其妙地”。句意：看起来树木似乎正在通过某种方式相互传递信息。
65.A 根据题干，far apart意为“离得很远”，A选项符合题意。C项long指长度，不符合题意。此处并没有比较的含义，因此B和D也可排除。
66.D 根据语境，此处应为physical contact，意为“树枝之间没有直接接触”。physical指 “物理的；身体的；物质的”，符合题意。
67.D 根据语境信息，这里应该用neither引导倒装结构，意为“也不；（两者）都不”。句意：它们之间也没有近到根部可以相互接触。
68.B 此处考察动词词组。carry out an experiment意为“做实验，进行试验”因此B正确。
69.A 副词词义辨析。根据语境，此处应选A项exactly“恰好地；完全地；精确地”，exactly the same表示“完全一样的”，本句句意为“也得到了完全一样的结果”。在这里，precisely“精确地”，accurately“准确地”，punctually“准时地”都不符合题意。
70.A 根据题干信息，此处应该选择release“释放”，句意：但有些科学家认为它们会通过释放化学成分到空气中来向同伴发出危险警告。
Part IV Put thefollowing into Chinese (10%)
Heredity andenvironment: which is stronger? The potentials which a person is born withdetermine in some way what he will do in life. Therefore heredity is fate, akind of predestination. However, genes do not work in a vacuum; as soon as webegin considering the role that they play in the development of the individual,we see that there can be no development without the interacting environment. Nocharacteristic is caused exclusively by either environment or genes.
The relativeeffects of heredity and environment are most clearly observable in identicaltwins. Most identical twins are raised together and are remarkably alike inboth appearance and behavior. These cases demonstrate that individuals with thesame genes, when raised in the same environment, will respond to it in much thesame way. They do not indicate what would happen if these identical individualswere raised separately.
【参考译文】
遗传与环境：究竟哪一个影响更大呢？从某种程度上讲，一个人生来具有的潜力将决定他一生的作为。因此遗传即命运,是命中注定的东西。然而，基因并不是在真空中发挥作用的；一旦我们开始认识到基因在个人发展中所起的作用，我们就会明白，没有与其相互作用的环境，就不可能有任何个人的发展。没有一个特点是完全由环境或者完全由基因造成的。
遗传和环境的相对影响在同卵双胞胎中最易观察到。大多数的同卵双胞胎是在一起长大的，因而无论在外表还是行为上都惊人的相像。这些事例证明，若在同样的环境中成长，具有相同基因的个体就会以几乎同样的方式做出反应。这些例子并不能说明如果把这些同卵双胞胎分开抚养会发生什么情况。
Part V Writing(15%)
Directions: For thispart, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic:Career Planning for College Students.You should write no less than 120 words and you should base your compositionon the outline below:
1. It’simportant for college students to plan their career.
2. What factorsshould be taken into consideration when planning one’s career?
3. What can beconsidered to be an ideal career plan?
【参考范文】
Career Planning for College Students
As more studentsare admitted into college, it is more difficult and competitive for collegestudents to get a job today. Thus, career planning is very necessary forcollege students to be well prepared for future.
First, youshould have a clear idea about what you value most, what your interests are andwhat your strengths and weaknesses are, etc. Knowing yourself is the foundationfor good career planning. Then, you should learn as much as possible about thefield you plan to work in. Trying to acquire basic knowledge in class andgetting practical skills during the vacations will make you one step ahead.Last but not least, ask your friends, teachers, or parents for suggestions.Many hands make light work. Other people’s opinions can be more objective andenlightening.
To conclude, anideal career planning should be realistic, practicable and suitable foryourself. It might not ensure your success but would certainly help you inpreparing for it.
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