最新清华大学操作系统讲义

清华大学计算机科学与技术系http://learn.tsinghua.edu.cn 1
操作系统
乔林
操作系统

清华大学计算机科学与技术系清华大学计算机科学与技术系www.
清华大学计算机科学与技术系http://learn.tsinghua.edu.cn 2
操作系统About Me
• My Name: Qiao Lin（乔林）
• Office Tel: 6278.0973
• Email: qiaolin@cic.tsinghua.edu.cn
• Office Place: Room 8-312, the East Part of
Main Building Main Building www.
清华大学计算机科学与技术系http://learn.tsinghua.edu.cn 3
操作系统About Grade
• No Exam
• Two Essays, One Experiment Report and
One Paper
– Each Essay: 10%
– Experiment Report: 10%
– The Paper: 70%
– Submitted to the Tsinghua Network School,
http:// http://learn.tsinghua.edu.cn learn.tsinghua.edu.cn www.
清华大学计算机科学与技术系http://learn.tsinghua.edu.cn 4
操作系统About References
• 张尧学, 史美林. 计算机操作系统教程(第二版). 清
华大学出版社
• 屠祁, 屠立德. 操作系统基础. 清华大学出版社
• Tenenbaum A S. Modern Operating Systems (英
文版第二版). 机械工业出版社, Prentice Hall
• Flynn I M, McHoes A M. Understanding Operating
Systems (3/e). Brooks/Cole
• Others you can find, including books, journals,
scientific papers, magazines, news reviews, and
Internet resources Internet resources www.
清华大学计算机科学与技术系http://learn.tsinghua.edu.cn 5
操作系统About the Class
• Contents
– Brief History of Operating Systems
– CPU Schedule and System Mechanism
– Memory Management
– Device and File System
– Network
– System Security and Antivirus
• Prototype Operating Systems
– Microsoft Windows and Linux

清华大学计算机科学与技术系http://learn.tsinghua.edu.cn 6
操作系统History, Status Quo and Prospect
• The Past of Operating Systems
• The Now of Operating Systems
– Microsoft Windows and Linux
– Functionality and User Interface
• The Future of Operating Systems
– Integration of Applications
– Intelligent Systems
– Embedded Systems
– Network Computing Network Computing www.
清华大学计算机科学与技术系http://learn.tsinghua.edu.cn 7
操作系统Glancing along the History: 1
• Hardware Infrastructure
– Von Neumann Architecture
• Arithmetic, Controller, Storage, and I/O Devices
• Wire, Channel, and Pipeline
– From Electric to Electron
– From Huge to Mini From Huge to Mini www.
清华大学计算机科学与技术系http://learn.tsinghua.edu.cn 8
操作系统Glancing along the History: 2
• Hardware Environment
– Basic Hardware Units: CPU, Controller, Storage,
I/O Devices, etc.
– Registers: Data, Address, Conditional Code,
Program Counter (PC), Instruction Register (IR),
Program Status Word (PSW)
– Buffer and Cache Buffer and Cache www.
清华大学计算机科学与技术系http://learn.tsinghua.edu.cn 9
操作系统Glancing along the History: 3
Applications
Editors Compilers
Function Programs
Operating Systems
Bare Machine
• Software Hierarchy: From Bare to Virtual Software Hierarchy: From Bare to Virtual www.
清华大学计算机科学与技术系http://learn.tsinghua.edu.cn 10
操作系统Glancing along the History: 4
• Types of Operating Systems
– From Manual to Automatic
– Batch Processing vs. Multiprogramming
• Classification of Operating Systems
– Time-Sharing Systems
– Real-Time and/or Embedded Systems
– Personal and/or General Systems
– Network and/or Distributed Systems
– Intelligent Systems Intelligent Systems www.
清华大学计算机科学与技术系http://learn.tsinghua.edu.cn 11
操作系统The Now: Prototypes
• Microsoft Windows Family
– Windows NT and 2000, Server 2003 ( and
Vista )
– The Past, the Now, and the Future
• Linux Family
– RedHat, SuSe, TurboLinux, Mandrake, and
Ubuntu
– Linux-like: Apple Mac OS
– The Past, the Now, and the Future The Past, the Now, and the Future www.
清华大学计算机科学与技术系http://learn.tsinghua.edu.cn 12
操作系统The Now: Functionality
• Control and Management
– System Resources, such as CPU, Memory,
Disk, etc.
• User Interface
– Supplying Human-Machine Interactive
Environment
– More Important than Before More Important than Before www.
清华大学计算机科学与技术系http://learn.tsinghua.edu.cn 13
操作系统The Now: Features and Techniques
• Features of Modern Operating Systems
– Parallelism
– Resource Sharing
• Pivotal Techniques
– Micro-Kernel
– Multi-Threads
– Distributed
– Symmetrical Multiple Processing (SMP)
– Object-Oriented Technology (OOT)

清华大学计算机科学与技术系http://learn.tsinghua.edu.cn 14
操作系统The Now: User Interface
• Human-Machine Interactive Method
– Online Control
– Offline Control
• User Interface (UI)
– Text User Interface (TUI): Console-Based
– Graphics User Interface (GUI): Window-Based

清华大学计算机科学与技术系http://learn.tsinghua.edu.cn 15
操作系统Which Operating System: 1
Which Operating System: 1
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清华大学计算机科学与技术系http://learn.tsinghua.edu.cn 16
操作系统Which Operating System: 2
Which Operating System: 2
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清华大学计算机科学与技术系http://learn.tsinghua.edu.cn 17
操作系统Which Operating System: 3
Which Operating System: 3
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清华大学计算机科学与技术系http://learn.tsinghua.edu.cn 18
操作系统Which Operating System: 4
Which Operating System: 4
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清华大学计算机科学与技术系http://learn.tsinghua.edu.cn 19
操作系统Which Operating System: 5
Which Operating System: 5
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清华大学计算机科学与技术系http://learn.tsinghua.edu.cn 20
操作系统Which Operating System: 6
Which Operating System: 6
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清华大学计算机科学与技术系http://learn.tsinghua.edu.cn 21
操作系统Which Operating System: 7
Which Operating System: 7
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操作系统Which Operating System: 8
Which Operating System: 8
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操作系统Which Operating System: 9
Which Operating System: 9
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