42. Unlike IPv4 OSPF, where networks are added to the OSPF process with
network statements under the routing protocol configuration prompt, IPv6
OSPF uses the interface level command ipv6 ospf process area area to add
an interface to an area.
R1(config)#interface loopback0
R1(config-if)#ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
R1(config-if)#interface serial0/0/0
R1(config-if)#ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
R1(config-if)#interface serial0/0/1
R1(config-if)#ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
ipv6 ospf process-id是激活一个OSPFv3的进程
43. AB一个节点可以有多个Ipv6地址。一个接口可有多个地址,这包括链路本地地址、全局单播地址或任意播地址、环回地址(::1/128)、所有节点组播地址、请求(Solicited)节点组播地址以及分配给节点的其他组播地址。组播地址位于范围FF00::/8内。以FF开头的地址为组播地址。FF02::1为要地所有主机,FF02::2为本地所有路由器,FF02::6为本地所有DR
C 可手动分配Ipv6地址,也可通过DHCPv6无状态自动配置来动态配置
D 任意播地址是通过将同一个单播地址分配给多台设备创建的,没有为任意播地址保留任何地址空间。
45
46 Router#sh ip ospf
Routing Process \"ospf 100\" with ID 192.168.3.1
Supports only single TOS(TOS0) routes
Supports opaque LSA
SPF schedule delay 5 secs, Hold time between two SPFs 10 secs
Minimum LSA interval 5 secs. Minimum LSA arrival 1 secs
Number of external LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000
Number of opaque AS LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000
Number of DCbitless external and opaque AS LSA 0
Number of DoNotAge external and opaque AS LSA 0
Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa
External flood list length 0
Area BACKBONE(0)
Number of interfaces in this area is 2
Area has no authentication
SPF algorithm executed 2 times
Area ranges are
Number of LSA 5. Checksum Sum 0x029b88
Number of opaque link LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000
Number of DCbitless LSA 0
Number of indication LSA 0
Number of DoNotAge LSA 0
Flood list length 0
47。三台路由器上设置的key chain 的名字虽然不同,但它们的key-string设置都是相同的,所以R4是能ping 通R5和R6。
48. 6to4tunne可以有多个目的Ipv4地址。人工IPv6inIpv4Tunnel或自动配置6to4tunnel都需要路由器支持dual-stack(Ipv4 and Ipv6).
53. 向EBGP通告路由时需要network 或aggreate 命令,用network命令时如network 192.168.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0,此路由必须存在于路由表中,如果没有则BGP不会通告此路由。可以通过ip route 198.168.0.0 255.255.0.0 null0手工建立一条路由。BGP是基于TCP的协议,所以如果TCP的会话未建立,那么BGP的邻居是肯定建立不起来的。而如果EBGP邻居间使用非直连接口来做更新源的话,而且ebgp-multihop仍为默认的1,那么会因为TTL值还没到对端就减少为0了而无法和对端建立邻居关系。
而且BGP的邻居建立是基于AS号来判断邻居的关系是IBGP还是EBGP的,如果AS号出现了错误也会导致邻居建立不起来的
When an EBGP router is peering with an external neighbor, the only address that it can reach without further configuration is the interface that is directly connected to that EBGP router. Remember that internal routing information is not exchanged with external peers. Therefore, the router has to point to a directly connected address for that external neighbor.
If a loopback interface is used instead of the directly connected interface, additional configuration is required. To allow the router to accept and attempt BGP connections to external peers residing on networks that are not directly connected, you must configure the neighbor ip-address ebgp-multihop [ttl] router configuration command
EBGP peers are usually only one hop away from each other. The neighbor ebgp-multihop command increases the default hop value to allow routes to the EBGP loopback address with a TTL value greater than 1. If a TTL value is not specified, the router uses 255 (the default). This command is of value when redundant paths exist between EBGP neighbors.
Each router needs to use two static routes to inform BGP of the paths available to reach the loopback address of the other router. An EBGP neighbor address must be directly connected by default. The neighbor ebgp-multihop command must be used to change the default setting of BGP and inform BGP that this neighbor IP address is more than one hop away.
See.6.3.7 EBGP Peering Issue
55. 此访问控制列表不影响BGP路由的学习,只影响IP数据包的传输。 |