现有试题目录:(按贴子顺序)
2003年国际贸易学综合及专业英语
2000年国际法学综合试卷
2001年国贸专业综合试卷
2002年企业管理专业试题
2001产经试题(C语言)
2002国际法学专业英语试题
2001会计专业英语
2001会计专业英语试题答案
2002国贸专业综合试卷
2002经贸专业英语试题(国贸、经贸院金融相同)
2002国际商法专业综合
2001经贸专业英语试题(国贸、经贸院金融相同)
2002金融专业综合试题
2000金融专业综合试题
2001金融专业综合试题
1999经贸综合专业试题 (97-99国贸,国贸院金融专业课同卷)
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对外经济贸易大学2003年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试
************************************来自ROSEBEYOND(唐小仙转)************************************
国际贸易学综合试题
本试题意在测试考生的综合专业基础能力。考生在答题前,请认真阅读各题的要求
一、 填空(每空1.5分,共9分)
1、 商品的边际替代率是指,在( )不变的前提下,每增加一单位的某种商品而需要减少的另一种商品的数量。
2、 哈罗德认为一个国家的经济增长率取决于( )和( )。
3、 正常关税一般是指( )。
4、 一国持有国家储备的成本指( )与利息之差。
5、 IMF会员国的投票权主要取决于他们的( )。
二、 判断下列各题的叙述是否正确,正确的划勾,错误的划差。(每小题1.5分,共9分)
1、 垄断厂商在实现短期均衡时,可能会出现亏损,即经济利润为负。
2、 国民经济中只要有摩擦性事业或资源性事业存在,就不能说经济实现了充分就业。
3、 按照国际商会制定的《2000通则》中的D组贸易术语成交的合同均属于"到达合同"(Arrival Contract),在这类合同下,
卖方均无办理货运保险的义务。
4、 WTO《海关估价协议》规定了六种海关估价的办法,它们是进口商品的成交价格、相同商品的成交价格、类似商品的成交价格、
倒扣法、计算价格法和合理办法。
5、 2002年6月经中国人民银行批准,渣打银行成为首家获准向中国内地居民和企业提供外币服务的外资银行。
6、 择期是一种可以放弃合约履行的外汇业务。
三、 单项选择题(每题1.5分,共6分)
1、 在垄断厂商的长期均衡产量上可以有:
A 、P >LAC
B、 P <LAC
C、 P 等于最小的LAC
D、 以上情况都可能存在
2、 原产地规则是指:
A、 某一国家或地区为确定货物生产过程的最后生产地点而实施的普遍适用的法律、法规及行政决定。
B、 某一国家或地区为确定货物的"国籍"而实施的普遍适用的法律、法规及行政决定。
C、 某一国家或地区为确定货物的原材料产地而实施的普遍适用的法律、法规及行政决定。
D、 某一国家或地区为确定货物的技术来源地而实施的普遍适用的法律、法规及行政决定。
3、 下列有关独家代理的说法中,正确的是:
A、 委托人在代理区域内,还可指定其他的一般代理人
B、 委托人要维护代理人的独家专营权,否则要承担违约责任。
C、 委托人直接与代理区域内的客户订立合同时,代理人不能享受佣金。
D、 独家代理只能用于商品买卖中,一般代理可用于其他业务。
4、 当下列哪种情况出现时,货币贬值有利于改善贸易收支:
出口需求弹性DX,出口供给弹性SX,进口需求弹性DI,进口供给弹性SI
A、 DX+DI>I
B、 DX+DI<
C、 SX+SI>I
D、 SX+SI<I
四、 多项选择题(每题2.5分,共10分)
1、 下列哪些项目可计入GDP:
A、 政府转移支付
B、 购买一辆新的载重卡车
C、 购买一辆新的载重卡车模型玩具
D、 购买一块地产
2、 出口管制的商品主要包括:
A、 战略物资及其有关的先进技术资料,如武器,军事设备等
B、 对国内生产所需的原材料、半成品及国内市场供应不足的某些必需品
C、 密集使用本国丰裕生产要素的产品
D、 某些重要的文物、艺术品、黄金、白银等特殊品
3、 根据国际惯例,下列有关可转让信用证的说明中,正确的是:
A、 可转让信用证的受益人可以将信用证金额转让给一个或一个以上的人使用
B、 可转让信用证的转让以一次为限,因此只有第一和第二受益人没有第三受益人
C、 可转让信用证中必须注明可转让(Transferable)字样,否则不能转让
D、 可转让信用证的第二受益人因故不能履约时,也不能将信用证转回给第一受益人
4、 套汇的主要方式有:
A、 两角套汇
B、 三角套汇
C、 套利
D、 套期保值
五、 简单准确解释下列名词(每题4分,共16分)
1、 局部均衡和一般均衡
2、 机会成本
3、 技术性贸易壁垒
4、 根本性违约
六、 论述与分析题(第1题10分,第2、3题各15分,第4题10分,共50分)
1、 国际储备管理的原则和内容是什么?
2、 如何理解经济全球化条件下各国贸易政策的竞争与协调关系。
3、 假定某一化工厂生产的产品需求函数为:P=600-2Q,成本函数为CP=3Q^2-400Q+40000
(1) 求利润最大时的产量、价格和利润
(2) 若由于外部不经济(环境污染)使社会受到损失从而使社会成本函数为 CS=4.25Q^2-400Q+40000试求帕累托最优
的产量和价格应为多少:
(3) 简单说明外部不经济对资源配置效率的影响,政府应该相应采取什么措施解决外部不经济问题?
4、 某年9月中旬,A公司有一机器设备要出售,向国外某客户B公司发盘。发盘中介绍了设备情况,报了价格,并规定发盘
有效期为9月底之前。B公司研究了发盘条件 ,认为可以接受,但没有向发盘人表示接受的意向,而是派代理人直接到A公司所
在地办理购买手续并安排接运设备事宜。但在20日,C公司得知A公司要出售设备的消息,便派人到现场付款后提货。9月25日B
公司的代理人赶到A公司所在地时,发现所要设备已被他人提走,便要求A公司赔偿他的损失。对此A公司认为双方之间没有合同
关系,予以拒绝。请问,B公司是否有权向A公司索赔?并请说明理由。
七、 专业英语(英译中,第1题15分,第2题15分,第3题20分,共50分)
1.let's really clean up those numbers----now
Little noticed in the shock of WorldCom Inc.'s massive accounting fraud is that it came to light only
after a review initiated by the company's audit committee. Yes, believe it or not, the directors in the
boardroom actually asked their auditors to take another look at the numbers.
Lo and behold, that review let to the largest single restatement ever: a $3.8 billion reduction in previously
reported pretax income. Together with Xerox Corp's recent concession that it overstated operating earnings
by $1.4billion, these two corporate meaculpas alone nearly match the combined total hit of $5.8 billion from
all 463 restatements in 1998,1999, and 2000.
How much worse can it get? Plenty. It's not that we'll likely see numbers as breathtaking as those as WorldCom
or Xerox. But expect a tidal wave of restatements to come in what will surely amount to some sort of accounting
chatharsis. If ever there was a time for companies to come clean, it's now. Over the years, the quality of
financial reporting has varied widely. Some companies did the bare minimum to meet accounting standards. Others
were more cautious. To get beyond the current stock market malaise, companies need to flush out the excesses
so investors can regain their confidence in our financial system. It's better to take a hit now than risk
dragging this out over the next few years.
2.Happy birthday, Milton Friedman
Milton Friedman's professional career has been marked by controversy over his many policy proposals. Yet as he
approaches his 90th birthday, Friedman is increasingly recognized as the most influential economist in a 20th
century that witnessed towering contributions from John Maynard Keynes, Paul A. Samuelson, and others.
Friedman is best known for "monetarism", a view that stability in the growth of the money supply is crucial
to controlling inflation and recessions. Although the relation between the money supply and the economy has
often been highly variable, no less an authority than Fedral Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan has indicated
that Friedman's emphasis on a stable monetary framework was instrumental in guiding central banks in Europe
and the U.S. toward low inflation during the pass two decades.
Before Friedman, economic conventional wisdom held that inflation reduces unemployment because prices rise
faster than labor costs. In the late 1960s, Friedman argued instead that there is no permanent reduction in
unemployment from continuing inflation because wages eventually catch up to prices as expectations about
inflation become more accurate. His analysis has been validated twice since then----by the high U.S. the '90
even though inflation was negligible.
Two decades before Chile introduces its revolutionary private individual account retirement system, Friedman's
classic 1962 book Capitalism and Freedom criticized the prevailing pay-as-you -go Social Security systems for
restricting the ability of individuals to choose how much and in what form to save for retirement, and for mixing
a welfare program for elderly poor with a compulsory program that applies to all the elderly. Has his advice been
followed twenty years ago, there would be no impending Social Security financing crisis in the U.S. and other
developed nations with aging population.
3. Are Force Majeure Clauses Exclusion Clauses?
In order to differentiate an exclusion or limitation clause from a force majeure clause we must first define
exactly what we mean by exclusion clauses and examine their effect on the contractual relations of the
parties. We might then usefully compare the operation of exception clauses to that of force majeure clauses.
A tripartite distinction between different types of clause was as follows: " Protective conditions are three
distinct types: first, those which limit or reduce what would otherwise be the defendant's duty; second,
those which exclude the defendant's liability for breach of specified aspects of that duty, and third, those
which limit the extent to which the defendant is bound to indemnify the plaintiff in respect of the consequences
of breaches of that duty." The difference between the first two categories is said to be this: in the first case
there is no breach of contract since there is no obligation to perform in the circumstances which have
arisen, whilst in the second case there is a breach but the liability to pay damages in respect of it has
been removed.
Force majeure clauses, it seems, go to limit the extent of the obligation assumed by the promisor. They do not
operate so as to shield a promisor from liability for a breach of contract. A force majeure clause will ensure
that non-performance is no breach because no performance was due in the circumstances that have occurred.
*******************************来自yoyotana&joesun************************************
对外经济贸易大学
2000年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试
国际法学综合知识试题
一、 选择题(请在个体中你认为正确答案之前划“√”,每题只能划一个“√”)
1.某中美合营公司的合营各方于1997年6月23日签订合营合同。该合同与其他相关文件经报批后,于同年11月30日获批准证书,12月15日由当地工商局签发营业执照。请问,该合营企业的成立日期是:
A.1997年6月23日。
B.1997年11月30日。
C.1997年12月15日。
2.某股份公司创立大会拟选出监事会成员,现有三位候选人。请问,哪一位符合我国《公司法》采用的资格要求?
A.张某,临时工
B.王某,总经理
C.李某,财务部代理主管
3.对股份有限公司的设立,我国《公司法》采用的是:
A.特许主义原则
B.准则主义原则
C.核准主义原则
4.我国《公司法》明文规定的公司的法定特征是:
A.社团法人
B.企业法人
C.营利性
5.甲、乙两家公司欲投资1亿元人民币在北京设立一家新的电脑公司。双方都准备用高新技术成果入股,以增强新公司产品的竞争实力,实现合作的最佳效果。按照我国有关规定,该部分出资作价总额可以达到:
A.2000万人民币
B.3500万人民币
C.5000万人民币
6.请指出下面符合授权资本制的正确表述:
A.名义资本 ≥实收资本≥ 实付资本
B.名义资本 ≥发行资本≥注册资本
C.名义资本 ≥发行资本≥实收资本
7.公司股票滥价发行的部分在性质上属于:
A.资本盈余
B.营业盈余
C.法定公积金
8.法国某公司在本市设分公司,依照我国《合同法》,下面有关分支机构的表述中哪一个是正确的?
A.不具有中国法人资格
B.独立承担民事责任
C.不得从事经营活动
9.甲、乙、丙三人组成一合伙,从事服装零售业务。三人推荐乙为负责人,依照我国《合伙企业法》,甲、丙两人的经营活动效力如何?
A.经乙同意后才发生效力
B.对全体合伙人发生效力
C.经全体合伙人认可后才发生效力
10.汇票在承兑前的债务人是
A.出票人
B.付款人
C.承兑人
D.受票人
11.汇票人必须记载的事项有
A.付款日期 B.出票地
C.付款人 D.付款地
12.汇票的形式及有效性,一般以_____国家的法律来确定
A.出票地
B.付款地
C.承兑地
D.提示地
13.汇票遭到拒绝承兑,执票人可追索的对象包括:
A.出票人
B.承兑人
C.背书人
D.付款人
14.出票人A开立以B为受款人,P为付款人的汇票,B背书给C,S从C处偷走汇票,伪造C的背书,转让给D,D又背书给E。根据英国法,上述汇票的所有人是:
A. B B.C
C. D D.E
15.下列陈述中错误的是:
A.汇票保证人不享有先抗辩权
B.限制行为能力人在票据上的签名的无效性不影响其他签名的效力
C.出票人因超过票据权利时效而丧失票据权利的,仍享有民事权利
D.“委托收款”背书人可以背书转让汇票权利
16.国际法的渊源不包括
A.国际习惯
B.一般法律原则
C.司法判例
D.国际条约
17.和平共处五项原则最初是由____共同倡导的
A.中缅两国
B.中越两国
C.中印两国
D.中印缅三国
18.具有国际法主体资格的是:
A.英联邦
B.法兰西共同体
C.独联体
D.永久中立国
19.主权学说最初是由____提出的
A.法国的博丹
B.英国的边沁
C.荷兰的格老秀斯
D.奥地利的凯尔森
20.国家应为____的不法行为承担国家责任
A.叛乱组织头领
B.革命起义领袖
C.间谍
D.宗教组织领袖
21.不能被引渡的人员有:
A.宗教犯
B.劫机犯
C.灭绝种族罪罪犯
D.劫持外交代表的人
22.军舰在用于国际航行的海峡有:
A.过境通行权
B.无害通过权
C.临检权
D.自由航行权
23.根据《空间物体造成的国际责任公约》,发射国对于其发射的空间物体造成的以下损害承担绝对责任:
A.对其它空间物体造成的损害
B.对于在空气空间飞行的飞机造成的损害
C.对于在外空的人员造成的损害
D.对于在外空的财产造成的损害
24.下列使馆人员中不享有刑事豁免权的是:
A.使馆办公厅主任
B.商务参赞
C.文化专员
D.三等秘书
25.《海商法》调整的法律关系为:
A.海上运输合同当事人之间的关系
B.海上运输关系和船舶关系
C.海上运输中发生的各种法律关系
26.船舶在公海上发生碰撞的损害赔偿,适用:
A。侵权行为地法律
B.受害方船旗国法律
C.受理案件的法院所在地
27.《海商法》中对船舶抵押权、船舶优先权、船舶留置权的受偿顺序规定为:
A.船舶优先权先于船舶留置权受偿,船舶抵押权后于船舶留置权受偿
B.船舶抵押权先于船舶留置权受偿,船舶留置权后于船舶优先权受偿
C.船舶优先权先于船舶抵押权受偿,船舶留置权后于船舶抵押权受偿
28.提单中注明的装船日期早于实际装船日期的情况有:
A.备运提单
B.已装船提单
C.预借提单
29.当货物的灭失或损坏不明显时,收货人应在多长时间内向承运人提出索赔?
A.7日内
B.15日内
C.60日内
30.下列原因造成的承运人责任期间的货损,承运人主张免责时不负举证责任的是:
A.战争
B.火灾
C.海上救助人命
31.在光船租赁期间,负责对船舶进行保险的人应为:
A.承租人
B.出租人
C.承运人
32.为了避免船舶沉没,船长命令将船舶搁浅,请问该船舶由搁浅造成的损失是:
A.单独海损
B.共同海损
C.推定全损
33.下述文件中,属于《世界贸易组织协议》附件一的文件有:
A.海关估价协议、GAPS以及TRIPS
B.反倾销协议、争端解决规则与程序谅解、以及诸边协议
C.反倾销协议、反补贴协议以及贸易政策审查机制协议
34.1986年,我国政府正式向关贸总协定提出申请,要求恢复我国在总协定的缔约国地位时,属于我国恢复关贸总协定缔约国地位的三项基本原则为:
A.支持恢而非加入方式进入原则、坚持以发展中国家地位恢复原则以及坚持对等原则
B.坚持发展中国家地位恢复原则、坚持以关税减让方式恢复原则以及权利义务对等原则
C.坚持恢复而非加入方式进入原则、坚持以发展中国家地位恢复原则以及坚持以关税减让方式恢复原则
35.〈〈中华人民共和国对外贸易法〉〉明文提及维护对外贸易、保护国内产业的措施有:
A.反倾销、反补贴和进口配额限制
B.Antidumping, countervailing和保障措施
C.Antidumping, Anti-subsidies和对等报复
36.下列说法中,关于世界贸易组织的Multilateral Trade Agreements的法律拘束力的正确陈述有:
A.它们对世界贸易组织的所有成员国均有约束力
B.它们仅对参加这些协议的WTO成员国有效
C.它们仅对以前的GATT缔约方生效
37.某被调查产品的正常价值为30美圆,其出口价格为18美圆,则其倾销幅度为:
A.12美圆
B.40%
C.66.67%
38.在我国境内,_____的发行和交易,不适用《中华人民共和国证券法》(以下简称证券法)
A.股票
B.可转换公司债券
C.政府债券
39.某公司于99年7月10日收购了一上市公司40%的股份,根据证券法,该公司对其收购的股份在_____前不得转让
A.99年10月10日
B.2000年1月10日
C.2000年7月10日
40.依据中国证券法,需要某上市公司作为重大事件批露的信息包括:
A.公司财务总监发生变动
B.公司遭受的损失超过净资产的5%
C.持有公司5%以上股份的股东持股情况发生变化
41.从封建社会到资本主义社会的历史,是一部从_____的历史
A.从身份到契约
B.从契约到身份
C.从身份到契约再到身份
42.罗马法____
A.泛指罗马奴隶制的全部法律
B.是《罗马法大全》的别称
C.是查士丁尼在位时创制的全部法律
43.《法学阶梯》把罗马法分成_____各组成部分
A.人、物、诉讼
B.人、物、债
C.人、物、继承
44.法国民法典是_____时期的产物
A.自由资本主义
B.垄断资本主义
C.自由资本主义向垄断资本主义过渡
45.德国民法典分为_____五个基本部分
A.人、物、债、亲属、继承
B.人、物、债、合同、继承
C.人、物、亲属、债、诉讼
46.英美法受罗马法影响最大的部分是:
A.普通法
B.横平法
C.制定法
47.“询问制”作为一种诉讼制度主要为_____国家采纳
A.大陆法系
B.英美法系
C.大陆法系以及社会主义
48.普通法的表现形式是:
A.法院的判例
B.立法机关颁布的法规
C.判例和法规
49.横平法院审理案件的基本准则是:
A.维护公平主义
B.与先例保持一致
C.实现审判结果的合理性
50.现代社会格式合同的出现:
A.抑制了显失公平结果的蔓延
B.是导致显失公平的重要因素之一
C.使显失公平的结果大大地减少了
51.托拉斯本质上是:
A。投票信托
B.大股东之间的联合
C.大型的制造业公司
52.在物权法律适用领域,“动产随人”原则:
A.已得到越来越多的国家的确认
B.是一条新出现的尚未得到普遍采纳的规则
C.已经为各国普遍放弃
53.“国家豁免”与“强制执行豁免”的关系是:
A.前者是后者的具体体现
B.后者是前者的具体体现
C.前者是对国家的豁免,后者是对外国自然人的豁免
54.当法院地的冲突规则与其他有关国家的冲突规则不同时,法院应从中选择:
A.与案件有最密切联系的冲突规则
B.法院地的冲突规则
C.在国际上得到普遍采纳的冲突规则
55.今天,“识别依法院地法”作为一条规则:
A.已经被多数国家放弃
B.已经被普遍接受
C.是很有争议的
56.反致适用于法律适用的:
A.所有领域
B.一部分领域
C.若干领域,如合同领域
57.我国对技术转让合同适用:
A.特征履行方的法律
B.非特征履行方的法律
C.与合同有最密切联系的国家的法律
58.美国法学会拟订的九部《重述》:
A.构成通行于美国的法律
B.本身不具有法律效力
C.具有准法律效力
59.一个由英国王座法庭审理的案件可在判决之后上诉到:
A.Chancery Division
B.Court of Appeal
C.House of Lords
60.______没有参加《国际货物销售合同公约》
A.日本
B.中国
C.美国
二、解释下列名词(任选5个,每题4分)
1、口头证据规则(parol evidence rule)
2、《欺诈行为法》(statute of frauds)
3、不方便法院(forum non conveniens)
4、表面证据(prima facie evidence)
5、有条件销售(conditional sale)
6、信托义务(fiduciary duty)
7、不同意意见(dissenting)
三、论述题(20分)
试述法律方法论上的“经验主义”和“理性主义”的不同特征、相互影响和它们的积极和消极方面。[/
***************************来自:东洋の花*********************************
对外经济贸易大学
2001年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试
国际贸易学综合试题
(本试题意在测试考生的综合专业基础能力。考生在答题前,请认真阅读各题的要求)
一、填空(每空1分,共9分)
1、当某一厂商使用劳动L和资本K两种可变要素进行一种产品生产时,厂商实现劳动和资
本要素最佳投入的条件是————。
2、对单个厂商来说,只有在————市场结构中,厂商的平均收益、边际收益和价格相
等。
3、货币学派把————作为货币政策的唯一控制指标,该政策建议被称为————。
4、进口国队倾销商品征收反倾销税必须具备的条件为————。
5、根据国际商会的《2000通则》的解释,在F组术语中适用于各种运输方式的贸易术语
是————。
6、《国际货币基金协定》条款规定:当一种货币在货币基金组织的库存下降到该会员国
份额的75%以下时,货币基金组织可将该会员国货币宣布为————,并按逆差国的需
要进行限额分配;逆差国有权对该国货币采取临时的————。
二、判断下列各题的叙述是否正确,正确的在每小题前面的括号内划√错误的划×(每
小题1分,共10分)
1、( )当厂商以降低产品价格增加销量时,一定会带来销售额的增加。
2、( )公共产品与私人产品的区别在于:公共产品应由政府部门提供,而私人产品是
由私人企业生产。
3、( )货币投机需求曲线向右下方倾斜是因为较低的利率增加了持有货币的机会成本
。
4、( )在其他条件不变的情况下,自发性净出口的增加可导致IS曲线向右移动。
5、( )依照总贸易体制,以国境为标准统计进口,凡进入国境的商品,不论其是否办
理通关手续,一律列入进口,作为总进口的一部分。
6、( )进口替代贸易发展模式是以进口产品取代国内生产的同类产品的贸易发展模式
。
7、( )世界有形商品贸易额是各国和地区有形商品贸易额只和。
8、( )理论上说,国际收支的不平衡指自主性交易的不平衡,但在统计上很难做到。
9、( )买方期权和买方期权是同一期权交易的两个方面。
10、( )扬基债券和武士债券分别是在美国和日本发行的两种欧洲债券。
三、单项选择题(将正确答案填写在括号内,每题1分,共9分)
1、既考虑到出口商品劳动生产率的变化,又考虑到进口商品劳动生产率变化的贸易条件
为:
A、收入贸易条件;B、单项因素贸易条件;C、净贸易条件;D、双项因素贸易条件
答案( )
2、按国内价格与进口价格之间的差额征收的关税为:
A、最惠国税;B、普惠税;C、特惠税;D、差价税
答案( )
3、普遍优惠制的三个基本原则是:
A、普遍的、非歧视的、互惠的;B、普遍的、附加条件的、对等的;C、普遍的、非歧视
的、非互惠的;D、有选择的、附加条件的、对等的
答案( )
4、欧洲联盟对农畜产品征收差价税,按照( )的差额征收。
A、指标价格与进口价格;B、门槛价格与进口价格;C、指标价格与门槛价格;D、干预
价格与进口价格
答案( )
5、当被保险人投保水渍险时,保险人承保的责任范围不包括:
A、保险标的的实际全损和推定全损;B、因意外事故导致的部分损失;C、因共同海损所
造成的牺牲和费用;D、因外来风险所造成的货物损失
答案( )
6、下列关于海运提单与提单的区别的说法中,错误的说法是:
A、提单是运输契约的证明:海运单不是运输契约的证明:B、提单是货物所有权的凭证
:海运单不是货物所有权的凭证;C、提单的抬头不须标明收货人;D、提单是收货人提
货的凭证:海运单不是收货人提货的凭证
答案( )
7、当处于通货膨胀和国际收支逆差的经济状况时,应采取下列什么政策搭配:
A、紧缩国内支出,本币升值;B、扩张国内支出,本币贬值;C、扩张国内支出,本币升
值:D、紧缩国内支出,本币贬值
答案( )
8、假设美国投资者投资英镑CD,6个月收益5%,此期间英镑贬值9%,则投资英镑的有
效收益率为:
A、14.45%;B、-4.45%;C、14%;D、4%
答案( )
9、当一个注册地点为中国大陆的公司在香港联交所上市时,我们称该公司为:
A、A股上市公司;B、B股上市公司;C、红筹股上市公司;D、H股上市公司
答案( )
四、多项选择题(将正确答案填在括号内,每题1分,共6分)
1、邓宁的国际生产折衷理论认为,企业欲进行有利的海外投资活动必须具备:
A、所有权优势;B、内部化优势;C、比较优势;D、区位优势
答案( )
2、在现代贸易条约与协定中,最常见的最惠国待遇适用的例外包括:
A、边境贸易;B、沿海贸易;C、关税贸易;D、过境贸易
答案( )
3、乌拉圭回合达成的《服务贸易总协定》,将服务贸易定义为:
A、过境交付;B、境外消费;C、商业存在;D、自然人流动
答案( )
4、我们说国际贸易术语一方面用来表示交易商品的价格构成,另一方面用以确定交货的
条件,这后者是指:
A、确定风险划分的界限;B、确定交货的方式;C、确定所有权转移的时间和方式;D、
划分交易双方承担的责任和费用
答案( )
5、下列关于分期装运(Shipment by Instalment)的说法中与国际惯例的规定相符的说
法是:
A、规定分期装运条款时只须规定允许或不允许;B、规定分期装运时每批的交货数量必
须相对;C、分期装运条款中要规定每批货的数量和交货时间;D、任何一批未按规定装
运,信用证从该期开始作废
答案( )
6、欧洲货币市场境内、外业务一体型的代表是:
A、纽约;B、伦敦;C、新加坡;D、香港
答案( )
五、简单准确解释下列名次(每题3分,共18分)
1、挤出效应
2、帕累托最优
3、Restrictive Business Practice
4、逆汇汇票
5、外汇缓冲政策
6、马歇尔--勒纳条件
六、简述题(每题6分,共12分)
1、在国际货物买卖中,信用证与买卖合同之间的关系如何?
2、简述国际范围内金融业混业经营的主要表现及其内在动力。
七、论述题(每题10分,共20分)
1、为什么说在组建关税同盟的条件下,产业规模经济效应的存在可以增强成员国的贸易
创造效应,弱化贸易转移效应?
2、垄断是由什么原因造成的?为什么说垄断造成了市场失灵?政府能够采取有效的措施
限制垄断吗?为什么?
八、案例分析题(第1题7分,第2题9分,共16分)
1、中国的某公司购买产自伊朗的槽钢,合同规定应符合德国的DIN标准,但是制造商实
际是按俄国的ГОСТ标准生产的。由于德国的DIN和俄国的ГОСТ标准对同一规格的
槽钢规定的截面尺寸是不一致的,于是买方认为货物不符合合同,不能使用,但他没有
拒绝收获,也没有要求换货,而是向买方提出只能作为废钢回炉,要求按废钢降价处理
。你认为买方的做法是否正确?清说明理由。
2、美国的Sal's卫星公司向洛杉矶和纽约的订户发送电视节目。洛杉矶和纽约订户的市
场需求曲线分别为:
QLA=80-(2/3)PLA
QNY=80-(2/3)PNY
式中,Q以千户/年计,P是年定价。
Sal's卫星公司提供发送电视节目的服务成本为:
C=1000+30Q
其中,Q=QLA+QNY
问:
(1)在两个市场是分开的情况下,保证洛杉矶市场和纽约市场利润最大化的价格和数量
分别是多少?
(2)美国五角大楼部署了一颗新卫星,使居住在洛杉矶的人可以直接收到Sal's公司在
纽约发送的节目,而居住在纽约的人也可以直接收到Sal's公司在洛杉矶发送的节目,这
样纽约或洛杉矶的任何人只要在任一城市付费就可以收到Sal's公司的节目,因此Sal's
公司只能定单一的价格。Sal's公司的单一价格为多少?它在纽约和洛杉矶能销售多少数
量?
(3)上两种销售情况哪一种对Sal's公司来说利润更大?
***************************来自:溪雨 ************************************
对外经济贸易大学 2002年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试
经济管理综合试题
一、名词解释(每题2分,共10分)
1.超导电性
2.皮格马利翁效应
3.APEC
4.甜柠檬机制
二、判断题(请将答案写在题前括号内,正确的打‘/”,错误的打‘箕”,每题1分,共10分)
( 1. 国际货币基金组织总部设在美国的纽约。
( 2. 大脑皮层是反射活动的最高调节机构。
( 3. 2001年6月1日,中国向境内外投资者垒面开放B股市场。
( 4. 黑子是太阳活动的基本标志,而耀斑是最强烈的太阳活动现象。
( 5. 按照面积大小排列七大洲,最大的是亚洲,最小的是大洋洲。
( 6. 绿和紫是一对互补色。
( 7. 心理测量中最常用的模型称为常模。
( 8. 描述线性系统的方程的不同解加起来仍然是解。
( 9. “恪守诺言”一词中的“恪”字意为“严格”。
( 10. 成语“鸟尽弓藏”的意思是事情成功后有些工具就不需再用了。
三、填空题(请将答案填在横线上,每空0.5分,共10分)
1. 2001年3月召开的九届全国人大第四次会议审议通过了《国民经济和社会发展第十个五年计划纲要》和《关于修改 <----------- >》的决定。
2. 古希腊医生希波克拉底将人类气质划分为、-----------、粘液质和-----------四种类型。
3. “安能摧眉折腰事权贵,使我不得开心颜!”出自我国古代诗人李白的《----------------------》。
4. 地跨亚、欧两洲的亚洲国家是----------,地跨亚、非两洲的非洲国家是----------,地跨亚洲与大洋洲的亚洲国家是-----------。
5. 地球绕太阳公转一周的时间为----------,自转一周的时间为-----------。
6. 人类迄今认识到:世界万物的千变万化,可归结为四种基本力,即引力、---------、----------和---------的相互间作用规律。
7. 2001年10月21日,全国铁路第---------次全面提速。
8. 成就动机属-----------动机范围。 ·
9. 请联成语下句:日薄西山,--------------------; 风声鹤唳,--------------------;
重足而立,--------------------; 失之东隅,--------------------。。
10. 2001年11月10日,在卡塔尔首都--------------------举行的WTO第四届部长级会议上,中国正式成为WTO成员国。
四、单项选择题(请将答案写在题前括号内,每愿2分,共40分)
( 1. 下列成语中没有错别字的一组是:
A. 破釜沉舟 负荆请罪 各行其是
B. 欲盖弥彰 草菅人命 穿流不息
C. 别出新裁 不速之客 敝帚自珍
D. 轰堂大笑 假公济私 维妙维肖
( 2. 下列成语中加点字解释错误的是:
A. 罪恶昭彰 彰:明显,显著
B. 色厉内荏 荏:和缓
C. 缘木求鱼 缘:沿,顺着
D. 迫不及待 及:到
( 3. 下列港口城市与国家的对应关系错误的是;
A. 温哥华一加拿大
B. 亚历山大一俄罗斯
C. 西雅图一美国
D. 马赛一法国
( 4. 下列国家与首都对应关系正确的一组是:
A. 科威特一科威特 缅甸一仰光
B. 菲律宾一雅加达 丹麦一哥本哈根
C. 南非一比勒陀利亚 澳大利亚一悉尼
D. 加拿大一魁北克 新西兰一惠灵顿
( 5. 组成DNA的基本单位是;
A. 脱氧核糖核酸
B. 脱氧核苷酸
C. 脱氧核糖
D. 核糖核酸
( 6. 在同一时间里,注意所能把握的对象的数量称为:
A. 注意的品质
B. 注意的深度
C. 注意的广度
D. 注意的广泛性
( 7. “遗忘曲线”是由德国心理学家艾宾浩斯发现的,又称“艾宾浩
斯曲线”,其表现的是遗忘的——规律。
A. 首因和近因
B. 先易后难
C. 先难后易
D. 先快后慢
( 8. 心理学上的“应激”指的是:
A. 面临问题作好准备的激动心理状态。
B. 对他人或事物激惹作出应对的精神状态。
C. 由危险的或出乎意料的紧张情况所引起的一种情绪状态。
D. 由于问题的挑战性或他人行为的挑衅性而出现的亢奋的状
态。
( 9. 下列各组中加点字读音不相同的一组是;
A. 卓见 污泥浊水 着色
B. 疾病 荆棘 岌岌可危
C. 捕风捉影 未卜先知 普天同庆
D. 鹤立鸡群 荷枪实弹 一唱一和
( 10. 下列各组作品与作家对应关系正确的一组是;
A.《巴黎圣母院》-------雨果 《牛虻》一伏契克
B.《傲慢与偏见》-----席勒 《战争与和平》-----托尔斯泰
C.《关汉卿》-----田汉 《子夜》-----茅盾
D.《老古玩店》-----巴尔扎克 《骆驼样子》-----老舍
( 11. 从美国东海岸纽约向南航行到西海岸旧金山,途中经过----------。
A. 苏伊士运河 B. 基尔运河 C. 马拿马运河 D. 苏圣玛丽运河
( 12. 下列风景或古迹与所在国家对应关系正确的是;
A. 泰姬陵—泰国
B. 巴米扬大佛—印度
C. 金钢山—韩国
D. 吴哥窟—柬埔寨
( )13.2001年11月,中国与东南亚10国达成协议将在未来------年内建成自由贸易区。
A 5年 B 8年 C 10年 D 15年
( )14.2001年8月22日至9月1日,第--------届大学生运动会在北京举行。
A 21 B 22 C 23 D 24
( 15. 2001年5月8 13,2001《财富》全球论坛在-----------举行。
A. 香港 B 上海 C 深圳 D 澳门
( 16. 下列各句中加点成语使用正确的是c
A. 这件事我实在做不了,领导认为还是勉为其难,另找别人了。
B. 这款时装已是明日黄花,过时了。
C. 这正是韬光养晦的大好时机,不如大干一场。
D. 你终于矫枉过正,改掉了浪费的习惯。
( 17. 依次在下面横线上填入词语,最恰当的一组是:.
陈先生一再强调,企业自身的经营机制、文化理念-------产品品牌赖以生存的基础,体育赞助-------营销层面的一种手段,忽视,… ---------它成为企业发展的全部。
A.只是 也是 或者 或者
B. 尽管是 也是 如果 就不能
C. 不仅是 更是;与其 不如
D. 才是 只是 既不能 也不能
( 18. 生物工程包括基因工程、细胞工程、酶工程和-----------四个方面。
A. 蛋白质工程
B. 发酵工程
C. 微生物工程
D. 物种工程
( 19. 联合国总部设在----------。
A. 瑞士日内瓦
B. 瑞士伯尔尼
C. 美国华盛顿
D. 美国纽约
( 20. 十九世纪末至二十世纪初创始和发展于奥地利,从为精神病摸索
某种科学治疗方法的努力中产生的一个西方心理学流派是:
A. 格式塔心理学派 B. 精神分析心理学派 C. 构造心理学派 D. 行为主义心理学派
五,多项选择(请将答案写在题前括号内,每题2分,共10分,多选,少选,错选均不得分)
( 1. 下列各句中的病句有:
A.作为一个学生,就要好好学习。
B. 无论何人,一旦违背了,宪法和法律.就应受到制裁。
C.《北京青年报》是一份在北京比较流行、读者群相当大,而且对时事报道得比较及时,有时视角也很独特。
D. 因为我最好的朋友在那起事故中失踪,我便无时无刻地关注着相关的报道。
( 2. 下列城市中哪些是位于小岛上的城市?
A. 斯德哥尔摩
B. 威尼斯
C. 新加坡
D. 安卡拉
( 3. 下列哪些属于目前得到世界各国公认并将列入21世纪重点研究
开发的高技术领域?
A.新材料技术
B.新能源技术
C.海洋技术
D.航天技术
( 4. 与以往的多种定位导航系统相比,下列哪些是卫星导航定位系
统的优势所在?
A. 精度高
B. 速度快
C. 区域性更强
D. 覆盖面更宽
( 5. 贫铀弹对环境和人体的危害主要表现在;
A.炸弹本身带有放射性。
B.爆炸后的残留物质仍具有很强的穿透力。
C.爆炸后产生的粉尘和细小颗粒会对土壤和水源产生污染。
D.爆炸时产生强光和巨响。
六、论述题(每题4分,共20分)
1. 克隆技术的积极意义和可能的消极影响何在?
2. 晕轮效应对人际沟通会产生什么影响?
3. 人工智能技术要解决的主要问题是什么?
4. EDI(电子数据交换)将使贸易活动发生哪些重大变革? 5
5. 什么是人的社会化?
***************************来自:movingsea******************************
对外经济贸易大学
2001年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试
C程序设计试题
一, 选择题
1, 下列常数中,不能作为C语言的常量是[ ]
A)0xA5 B)2.5e-2 C)3e3 D)0582
2,下列各项中,均为C语言关键字的是[ ]
A)auto,enum,include B)switch,typedef,continue
C)signed,union,scanf D)if,struct,type
3,C语言中整数-1在内存中的存储形势是[ ]
A)1111 1111 1111 1111 B)1000 0000 0000 0001
C)0000 0000 0000 0001 D)1111 1111 1111 1110
4,已知:int a=5,b=2,c;执行语句printf(“%d”,c=(a+b,a-b,a%b))后输出的结果是[ ]
A)7 B)3 C)2 D)1
5,已知:int a=5; 执行下列语句后输出结果是[ ]
if (a=0) printf(“%d”,a)
else printf(“%d”,2*a);
A)0 B)5 C)10 D)语法错误
6,已知:int a=5;执行语句while(a-- >0);a的值是[ ]
A)5 B)0 C)-1 D)-2
7,已知:int*a();a是[ ]
A)指向int型的指针变量 B)int型的指针数组
C)返回值是指向int型的指针变量的一个函数
D)一个指向函数的指针变量,该函数的返回值是int型
8,C语言中存储类型是[ ]的变量,只有在使用时才占用内存单元
A)register,extern B)register,auto C)static,extern D)static,auto
9,根据一下定义,执行语句printf(“%d\n”,2*(N+Y(5+1)),显示结果是[ ]
#define N 3
#define Y(n) ((N-1)*n)
A)36 B)30 C)28 D)出错
10,下列说明中,错误的是[ ]
A) char s[3]=”gun”; B) char s[]=”gun”;
C) char *s=”gun”; D) char s[]={‘g’,’u’,’n’,’\0’};
11,C语言中一维数组的说明方式是:类型说明符 数组名[ ]
A)[常量表达式] B)[整形表达式]
C)[常量表达式]或[整形表达式] D)[整形变量]
12,下列程序段的功能是[ ]
int a[]={4,0,2,4,1},k,j,t;
for(k=1;k <5;k++){
t=a[k]; j=k-1;
while (j >=0 && t >a[j]){a[j+1]=a[j];j--;}
a[j+1]=t;}
A) 对数组a进行插入排序(升序) B)对数组a进行插入排序(降序)
C)对数组a进行选择排序(升序) D)对数组a进行选择排序(降序)
13,已知:char s[10],*p=s;下列语句中,错误的语句是[ ]
A) p=s+5; B) s=p; C)s[2]=p[4]; D)*p=s[0];
14,已知:int s[]={1,2,3,4},y,*p=s;执行语句y=*p++;后,变量y的值是[ ]
A)1 B)2 C)3 D)4
15,已知:int a,x[3][4];不能将x[1][1]的值赋给变量a的语句是[ ]
A)a=*(*(x+1)+1);B)a=x[1][1];C)a=*(*(x+1));D)a=*(x[1]+1);
16,设有如下说明,叙述错误的是[ ]
struct stu{
int a;
char b[10];
}stutype;
A)struct是结构类型的关键字 B)struct stu是用户定义的结构类型
C)stutype是用户定义的结构类型名 D)a和b是结构成员名
17,C语言中,下列运算符中优先级最低的是[ ]
A)( ) B)[ ] C)- > D)++
18,设有如下说明和语句,表达式的值是1002的是[ ]
struct stu{
int a,b;};
struct stu s[3]={{1001,20},{1002,19},{1003,18}};
struct stu *p=s;
A) (p++)- >a B)(*p++)- >a C)(*p++) D)(*++p)- >a
19,已知函数:fread(buffer,size,count,fp); 其中buffer代表的是[ ]
A)整形变量,代表要读入的数据量 B)文件指针,指向要读入的文件
C)指针,指向要存放读入数据的地址D)存储区,存放要读入的数据
20,使用fgetc函数,则文件打开方式是[ ]
A)只写 B)追加 C)读或读\写 D) 答案B和C对
二,阅读程序段,填写运行结果
1, int x;
(x&1)+(x|1)-(x%2)+(~(~0U < <2))=[ ]
2,下面程序段的运行结果是[ ]
int a=0,b=0;
while (a <=9) a++;
while (b++ <=9);
printf(“%d %d”,a,b);
3,下面程序由2个文件组成,运行结果是
/*文件*/
#include <stdio.h >
int x=10,y=10;
void add(void0
{y=10+x;x*=2;}
main()
{extern void sub();
x+=5;
add();sub();
printf(“x=%d y=%d\n”,x,y);
}
/ *文件2*/
void sub(void)
{extern int x;
x-=5;}
4,下面程序运行的结果是[ ]
main()
{int a[4][5],x,y;
for(x=1;x <4;x++){
for(y=x;y <5;y++)
{a[x][y]=(x/y)*(y/x);
printf(“%2d”,a[x][y]);}
printf(“\n”);}}
5,下面程序的运行结果是[ ]
#include <stdio.h >
main()
{union
{int a[2];
long k;
char c[4];
}t;
t.a[0]=0x3132;
t.a[1]=0x3334;
printf(“%lx\n”,t.k);
printf(“%c\n”,t.c[0]);
}
二, 程序选择填空
以下程序是对字符串按字典顺序进行排序,程序采用二分法排序,其中的strcmp是比较两个字符串的大小的函数。
#include <stdio.h >
#include <string.h >
main()
{char *pn[]={“red”,”blue”,”green”,”black”,”white”,”yellow”};
int a,j,gap,n=6;
char *temp;
for(gap=n/2;gap >0;[1])
for(a=gap;a <n;[2])
for(j=a-gap;j >=0;[3])
{if(strucmp)pn[j],pn[j+gap]} <=0)
[4];
temp=pn[j];pn[j]=pn[j+gap];pn[j+gap]=temp;
}
for(a=0;a <n;a++)printf(“%s\n”,[5]);}
1,A)gap++ B)gap-- C)gap/=2 D)gap-=2
2,A)a++ B)a-- C)a/=2 D)a-=2
3,A)j++ B)j-- C)j/=2 D)j-=gap
4,A)break B)exit C)return D)continue
5,A)pn[a] B)*pn[a] C)*pn D)pn+a
从键盘接受一个字符串,在命令行中指定的文件中查找,如果找到该字符串,在显示提示信息,否则将该字符串存入该文件尾,当输入的字符串为空时(长度为0),结束程序。
#include <stdio.h >
main(int argc,char *argv[])
{FILE *fp;
int flag;
char str[30],dline[80];
if((fp=fopen(argv[1],[6]))==NULL)
{printf(“Open file %s error\n”,argv[1],exit(1)}
do {printf(“Input the word:”);
gets(str);
if(strlen(str)==0) break;
[7];
flag=1;
while(flag&&(fgets(dline,80,fp) [8]))
if(lindex(dline,str) >=0) [9];
if(flag) fputs(str,fp);
}while([10]);
fclose(fp);}
lindex(char *str1,char *str2)
/*lindex函数的功能是字符串查找,详细说明见四、1题,此处略*/
6,A)”r+” B)”w+” C)”a+” D)”w”
7, A)rewind(fp) B)fseek(fp,0,1) C)ftell(fp) D)空语句
8,A)!=NULL B)==NULL C)!=EOF D)==EOF
9,A)break B)flag=0 C)continue D)flag=1
10,A)ferror(fp)!=0 B)ferror(fp)=0 C)flag=0 D)flag=1
四,程序填空
1, 函数lindex(char *s,char *t)的功能是:从字符串s后往前检查是否包含字符串t,若包含,返回t在s中的位置,否则返回-1。例如:
lindex(“sdvsdg”,”sd”)=3
lindex(char *s,char *t)
{int a,j,k,m,n;
m=strlen(s);n=strlen(t);
for(a=[1];a >=0;a--)
{for(j=a,k=0;[2];j++,k++);
if(t[k]==’\0’)return(a);}
[3];}
2,下面程序的功能是:从键盘输入多行字符串,调用函数建立反序链表,然后输出整个链表。
#include <stdio.h >
struct node
{char data[80];
struct node *link;
}*head;
ins (struct node[4])
{if (head==NULL)
{q- >link=NULL; head=q;}
else
{[5];}
}
main()
{char *ch;
struct node *p;
head=NULL;
while(strlen(gets(ch)) >0)
{p=([6])malloc(sizeof(struct node));
strcpy(p- >data,ch);
ins([7]);}
p=head;
while([8])
{printf(“%s\n”,p- >data);
p=p- >link;}
}
3,设pa和pb分别为两个升序排列的单链标的头指针,函数merge把这两个链表合并成按一个升序排列的单链表pc.
合并的算法是:从两表的第一个节点开始顺链逐个将对应数据元素进行比较,并复制小者并插入到pc表尾,如果对应数据元素相等,只取pa的元素。当两表中之一已到表尾,则复制另一个链表的剩余部分,插到pc表尾。为了减少程序中的判断,pc表增设一个表头结点,合并表运算结束后再把它删除。函数返回值是pc表的头指针。设pa和pb分别指向两个表当前搜索结点,p指向pc表的当前表尾结点。
#define DJ struct node
DJ { int data;
DJ *link;};
DJ *merge(DJ *pa,DJ *pb)
{DJ *p,*q,*pc;
pc= (DJ*)malloc(sizeof(DJ);
while ([9]){
q=(DJ*)malloc(sizeof(DJ);
if(pb- >data <pa- >data;
[10];}
else
{q- >data=pa- >data;
pa=pa- >link;
if(pb- >data==pa- >data)[11];
}
p- >link=q;
p=[12];
}
while(pa!=NULL)
{q=(DJ*)malloc(sizeof(DJ);
q- >data=pa- >data;
pa=pa- >link;
p- >link=q;
p=q;
}
p- >link=NULL;
p=pc;
pc=[13]
free(p);
return(pc);
}
五,编写程序
1, 用递归的方法编写一个寒暑,将16进制的字符串转换成10进制整数,函数返回值为该整数,如16进制的字符串中包含非16进制的字符,返回值为零。要求:写出完整的c语言程序。
2, 已知现有由小到大排列的8个偶数,并且这8个偶数之和能被4整除。把它们安置在立方体的8个顶点上,使得每个面上4个数之和皆相等。
要求:先说明程序的思路,在画出流程图或N-S图,然后写出c语言程序。
***************************来自:wayne2001****************************
2002国际法学专业英语试题
一 案例分析(用中文回答)40%
Stone v. American Lacquer Solvents Co.
343 A. 2d 174 (1975)
Harold E. Stone became chairman of the board of directors of American Lacquer Solvents Co. ( hereafter referred to as American) on December 7, 1967. On that date, American's board of derectors adopted a resolution that upon Stone's death, his wife, Rachel, would be paid an $8,000 annual pension by American until her death or remarriage. Teh resolution was adopted in consideration for services to be rendered to American by Stone, and it further provided that it could not be revoked without his consent.
In March 1968 Stone and his wife encountered martial difficulties. Stone contacted Shaw, the president and general manager of American, and told him that he wanted the pension resolution cancelled. Shaw contacted the company's legal counsel and, acting in accordance with his advice as to the procedure to be followed, prepared a letter from Stone to the board of directors of American, saving, "It is my wish that the Resolution dated December 7, 1967 concerning a pension for my wife Rachel be rescinded." Stone signed and personally delivered the letter to Shaw on March 3.
On March 11, 1968, Shaw convened a special meeting of the board of directors of American. Five of the seven members of the board attended the meeting; and when Stone's letter was brought to their attention, they voted unanimously to rescind the resolution of December 7, 1967. Stone was not notified of the meeting and did not attend.
Stone died on November 1, 1968; and when American refused to pay his widow, Rachel, the pension provided for in the resolution, she sued for specific performance. The trial court ruled that the resolution and been validly rescinded by the board at the meeting of March 11, 1968, and hence the plaintiff had no claim. She appealed the decision.
Eagen, Justice
. . . As a general rule the directors of a corporation may bind a corporation only when they act at a legal meeting of the board. If they purport to act at a meeting which is not a legal meeting, their action is not that of the corporation, and the corporation, absent ratification or acquiescence, is not bound.
As to special meetings of the board of director of a corporation, the general rule in Pennsylvania is that such a meeting held without notice to some or any of the directors and in their absence is illegal, and action taken at such a meeting, although by a majority of the directors, is invalid absent ratification or estoppel. However, this notice requirement may be waived by a director either prior or subsequent to the special meeting, provided such waive is in writing. Additionally, any action which may properly be taken at a meeting of a board of directors of a corporation may be affected and is binding without a meeting, if a consent in writing setting forth the action so taken is signed by each and every member of the board and filed with the secretary of the corporation.
A reading of the trial court's opinion filed in support of its decree upholding the legality of the Board's section of March 11, 1968, rescinding the Board's prior Resolution providing for the payment of the pension to the plaintiff was based on three grounds, any one of which, if corret, would warrant its ruling.
First, the court conclude that Stone's letter of March 3, 1968, constituted a consent to the Board's subsequent action rescinding the pension Resolution. The difficulty with this position is that the applicable statute requires that such a consent be executed after the meeting and that it specifically set forth the action taken, and that it be filed with the secretary of the corporation. Stone's letter does not meet these requirements.
Secondly, the court conclude [that] Stone's letter of March 3, 1968, constituted a waver of receipt of notice of the meeting of March 11, 1968. The difficulty with this position is that the letter does not refer to the meeting or indicatein any way that notice therof is waived. The letter amounts to no more than an expression of desire or consent to rescind the pension Resolution.
In connection with its conclusion that Stone's letter constituted a waiver of notice of the meeting, the court reasoned that no purpose would be served by Stone's presence at the meeting since the other Directors were merely acceding to Stone's wishes and request. This analysis overlooks the rational for the salurary rule that all direcors receive notice of special meeting. That rationale is that " each member of a corporate body has the right of consultation with the others, and has the right to be heard upon all questions considered, and it is presumed that if the absent members had been present they might have dissented, and their arguments might have convinced the majotiry of the unwisdom of their proposed action and thus have produced a different result." We agree with this rationale and, in view of the presumption embodied therein, we cannot concur in the trial court's premise that Stone and other Directors were of one mind as regards the pension rescission. In relation to this, we specifically note that another member of the Board of Directors failed to attend the meeting of March 11, 1968, and there is nothing in the record to show if he received notice of the meeting, or ever consented to the action taken the meeting.
Finally, the court concluded that the rescinding resolution of Board was voidable only and that Stone's silence and failure to object thereto prior to hes death amounted to a ratification. The difficulty with this position is that there is nothing in the record to show that Stone was ever made aware that the meeting of March 11, 1968, had been held or knew the rescinding resolution had been adopted by the Board. Under the circumstances, it cannot be said a ratification was effected...
[R]eversed and ... remanded for further proceeding...
思考题:
1.请以时间顺序为线索陈述本案基本事实。
2.为什么原告要求实际履行的救济方法?
3.根据宾州公司法, 在什么情况下董事会特别会议可宣布为无效?
4.初审法院是基于哪三条理由驳回原告起诉的?上诉法院是如何分别否定这三条理由的?
5. Mr. Stone 生前还可以采取什么补救办法避免出现本案判决?
二、 英译汉 (共60分)
1、 APPLYING VALUATION THEORY TO LAW PRACTICE
We have seen that some of the poorest methods of valuation are often used in practice. And what of the undisputed favorite- DCF? One writer says succinctly: "capitalization of earnings ordinarily is not a desirable method of setting the values of shares in a close corporation." This is not because it doesn't make sense, but because it requires estimationof the inestimable: future cash flows and the appropriate discount rate. That's only two things to estimate, as we said before, but they are often too difficult to serve as good planning guides.
How then do we values in practice? We use the information we have, trying best to stick to the sensible theory of DCF. Applying theories of valuation to a world of imperfect knowledge is the job for the accountant, appraiser, financial analyst and entrepreneur. And it is the good attorney's job to understand what these people are doing when legal issues arise. The next part reviews the bookkeeping and related issues of making payments to owners, and in the next three parts we turn to the most common applications of this valuation theory.
2. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
There is no expression in German law corresponding to the one of " corporate governance.". As seen from the American perspective corporate governance deals with the role of the different interests relevant in a corporation and their representatives and ultimately the question of how the law regulates or should regulate thes roles. German law, including employees among the agents of the AG who participate in management has already made an important step into that direction. The corporation does not only serve the interests of the shareholders.
Taking into account other interests as opposed to only those of the shareholders is visibly reflected in the notion of the " interest of the corporation " as a formula to harmonize the different powers and groups acting in a corporation. One of the questions raised in this context is , which particular interests are to be considered as relevant for the AG in certain situations. Another question to be answered is according to which criteria conflicts between them are to be decided.
3. Appraisal
Many state statutes provide that shareholders may have the right to seek an appraisal of their shares in certain fundamental transactions such as a merger. In the nineteenth century when corporations were small and formed for limited pruposes mergers required a unanimous shareholder vote. As corporations grew that requirement was viewed as restrictive and was changed to a lower vote but the legislatures provided for and appraisal remedy. With appraisal, shareholders can seek a court valuation of their shares based upon fair values and be paid in cash. This right of exit can serve as a monitoring device because arguably directors would seek the highest price in such a transaction to avoid many share holders seeking this remedy. But appraisal has limitations because it used to employ conservative methods of valuation, it was time consuming, did not require any payments until the appraisal proceeding was completed, attorneys and experts fees were expensive and interest was not assured.
4. "Classified" Boards of Directors
Most states permit a board of directors consisting of nine or more directors to be "classified" or "staggered" so that approximately one-third of the directors are elected each year, and each individual director is elected for a three year term. In states where cumulative voting is mandatory, and sometimes in corporations formed in other states as well, it is not uncommon to employ this device to minimize the effects of cumulative voting because it takes a larger minority interest to elect one of three directors than it does to elect one of nine directors. For example, if there are nine directors elected each year, ten per cent of the stock can elect a director; if the nine directors are classified and three are elected each year, it takes twenty-five per cent of the stock to elect a director. (If you do not believe these percentages, try them out on the formulas set forth above.)
The theorecical justification for classification is that it ensures "experience of service" on the board, since only one-half or one-third of the board will be elected each year. However, experience of service is usually not a major motivating factor for classifying a board, since as a proctical matter, experience of service is usually provided by the simple process of reelecting the same persons as directors year after year.
Another consequence of a classified board is that where an aggressor has acquired a majority of the outstanding shares or where a controlling interest in a corporation has been sold to outsiders, there may be a period during which directors elected by the prior shareholders are continued in office. Where the board consists of three classes, for example, a person becoming a majority shareholder cannot be assured of electing a majority of the board for more than two full years. In some instances classification has been proposed in publicly held corporations primarily for this reason even though the corporation does not have cumulative voting. This consequence does not arise where, as is usually the case today, the shareholders have power to remove directors without cause.
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***************************来自:dillss****************************
2001年对外经济贸易大学会计专业英语
1、 Give a brief explanation for the following terms(10%)
(1) Journal entry
(2) Going concern
(3) Matching principle
(4) Working capital
(5) Revenue expenditure
2. Please read the following passage carefully and fill in each of the 11 blanks with a word most appropriate to the content (10%)
(1) The double-entry system of accounting takes its name from the fact that every business transaction is recorded by (____) types of entries: 1: (_____) entries to one or more accounts and
2: credit entries to one or more accounts. In recording any transaction, the total dollar amount of the (______) entries must (_____) the total dollar amount of credit entries.
(2) Often a transaction affects revenues or expenses of two or more different periods, in these cases, an (_____) entries are needed to (_____) to each period the appropriate amounts of revenues and expenses. These entries are performed at the (_____) of each accounting period but (_____) to preparing the financial statements.
(3) Marketable securities are highly (_____) investments, primarily in share stocks and bounds, (____) can be sold (_____) quoted market prices in organized securities exchanges.
3.Translate the following Chinese statements into English (18%)
(1) 财务报表反映一个企业的财务状况和经营成果,是根据公认会计准则编制的。这些报表是为许多不同的决策者,许多不同的目的而提供的。
纳税申报单则反映应税收益的计算,是由税法和税则规定的概念。在许多情况下,税法和公认会计准则相似,但两者却存在实质上的不同。
(2) 审计师不保证财务报表的准确性,他们仅就财务报表的公允性发表专家意见。然而注册会计师事务所的声誉来自于他们对审计工作的一丝不苟和审计报告的可靠性。
4. Translate the following statements into Chinese (12%)
(1) Accounting principles are not like physical laws; they do not exist in nature, awaiting discovery man. Rather, they are developed by man, in light of what we consider to be the most important objectives of financial reporting. In many ways generally accepted accounting principles are similar to the rules established for an organized sport shuch as football or basketball.
(2) Accounting have devised procedures whereby the flows of cash receipts and payments are spread over a period of time in a certain way to derive income, which is representative of the economic performance of the firm for the given period. The income concept as applied in the real world involves numerous decisions and judgmenmts.
5. Multiple choice questions (choose the best for your answer) (10%)
(1) The CPA firm auditing XY Recording Service found that retained earning were understated and liabilities were overstated. Which of the following errors could have been the cause?
A. Making the adjustment entry for depreciation expenses twice;
B. Failure to recored interest accrued on a note payable;
C. Failure to make the adjusting entry to recored revenue which had been earned but not yet billed to clients;
D. Faillure to recored the earned portion of fees received in advance.
(2) How will net income be affected by the amortization of a discount on bonds payable?
A. Interest expense is increased, so net income is decreased;
B. Interest expense is decreased, so net income is increased;
C. Interest expense is increased, so net income is increased;
D. Interest expense is decreased, so net income is decreased;
(3) A stock dividend
A. Increase the debt-to-equity ratio of a firm;
B. Decrease future earnings per share;
C. Decrease the size of the firm;
D. Increase sharholder’s wealth;
E. None of the above.
(4) A company had sales in both 1999 and 2000 of $200000. Cost of sales for 1999 was $140000. In computing the cost of sales for 1999, an item of inventory purchased in 1999 for $50 was incorrectly written down to current replacement cost of $35. The item is currently selling in 2000 for $100, its normal selling price. As a result of this error:
A. Income for 1999 is overstated;
B. Cost of sales for 2000 will be overstated;
C. Income for 2000 will be overstated;
D. Income for 2000 will not be affected.
E. None of the above.
(5)Using the data presented below, calculate the cost of sales for the BC Company for 1999.
Current ratio 3.5
Quick ratio 3.0
Current liabilities 12/31/1999 $600000
Inventory 12/31/1999 $500000
Inventory turnover 8.0
The cost of sales for the BC Company for 1999 was:
A. $1600000;
B. $2400000;
C. $3200000;
D. $6400000;
E. None of these.
(6) W Company computed the following items from its financial records for 1999:
Price-earning ratio 12
Pay-out ratio 0.6
Assets turnover ratio 0.9
The dividend yield on W’s common stock for 1999 is :
A. 5% B. 7.2% C. 7.5% D. 10.2%
(7) the data about Accounts receivable of Newton Company for 1999 as follows:
Accounts receivable 12/31/1999 $150000
Allowance for uncollectible accounts 12/31/1999 5000(credit)
Bad debt expenses for the year 2000
During 1999 recoveries on bad debts previously written off were correctly recorded at $500. If the beginning balance in the allowance for uncollectible accounts was $4700, What was the amount of accounts receivable written off as bad debts during 1999:
A. $1200 B. $1800 C. $2200 D. $2400
(8) Which one of the following items would likely increase earnings per share (EPS) of a corporation?
A. Declaration of a stock dividend;
B. Declaration of a stock split;
C. Purchase treasury stock;
D. A reduction in the amount of cash dividends paid;
E. None of above;
(9) The primary purpose for using an inventory flow assumption is to:
A. Parallel the physical flow of units merchandise;
B. Offset against revenue an appropriate cost of goods sold;
C. Minimize income taxes;
D. Maximize the reported amount of net income.
(10) Delta company sold a plant assets that originally had cost of $50000 for $22000 cash. If Delta company correctly reports a $5000 gain on this sale. The accumulated depreciation on the asset at the date of sale must have been:
A. $28000; B. $23000 C. $33000; D. $27000; E. Some other amount
6. Bonds payable issue and recording interest expenses.(15%)
The ABC Company sold $600000 of its 9.5%, 12 years bonds on April 1, 2000, at 106. The semi-annual interest payment dates are April 1 and October 1. The effective interest rate is approximately 8.9%. The company’s fiscal year ends December 31.
Required:
Prepare journal entries to record:
(1) The issue of the bonds on April 1,2000
(2) The first interest payment on October 1, 2000
(3) The Amortization of premium or discount and interest expenses on December 31, 2001.
7. Statement of Cash Flows (14%)
The net income of the ZY Company for 1999 was $260000. Additional data available relative to activities for the year are given below:
A. Depreciation expenses for the year, $90000;
B. Loss on sale of machinery used in operations was $2400;
C. Accounts receivable increased by $2000;
D. Accounts payable increased by $8400;
E. Patent amortization for the year was $14800;
F. Amortization of premium on bonds payable for the year was $4600.
Required
Prepare the cash flows from operating activities section of a statement of cash flows under the indirect method.
8. Determining Revenue and Capital Expenditures (11%)
The controller for XYZ Co. Asks you to review the Repair and Maintenance Expenses account to determine if all of the charges are appropriate. The account contains many transactions totaling $215540. All of the transactions are considered material.
Required:
You examine three of the transactions. Indicate whether each transaction is properly charged to the reqair and maintenance account and, if not, indicate why not and to which account the transaction should be charged. The three transactions as follows:
Item Date Amount Decription
1 01/03/00 $10000 Two-year service contract on office equipment
2 05/18/00 $38500 Sealing roof leaks over entire production plant
3 10/20/00 $48500 Purchase a crane for the assembly departement
to speed production
***************************来自:dillss****************************
2001年会计专业英语试题答案
1. (1) Journal entry
A chronological record of transactions, showing for each transaction the debits and credits to be entered in specific ledger accounts.
(2) Going concern
An assumption that a business entity will continue in operation indefinitely and thus will carry out its existing commitments.
(3) Matching principle
The revenue earned druing an accounting period is offset with the expenses incurred in generating this revenue.
(4) Working capital
Current assets minus current liabilities
(5) Revenue expenditure
Any expenditure that will benefit only the current accounting period.
2. 每空1分,其中两个debit合计1分
(1) (two). (debit). (debit). (equal).
(2) (adjusting). (assign). (end). (prior)
(3) (liquid). (that). (at)
3.题一10分,第一小段6分,第二小段4分。 题二8分
(1) Financial statements show the financial position of a business and the results of its operations, presented in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. These statements are intended for use by many different decision makers, for many different purposes.
Tax returns show the computation of taxable income, legal concept by tax laws and regulations. In many cases, tax laws are similar to generally accepted accounting principles, but substantial differences do exist.
(2) Auditors do not guarantee the accuracy of financial statements; they express only their expert opinion as to the fairness of the statements. However, CPA firms stake their reputations on the thoroughness of their audits and the dependability of their audit reports.
4.每小题6分,每小题包括三小句,每小句2分。
(1) 会计原则不象自然法则,从性质上来说不是等待人们去发现,而是我们考虑财务报告的最重要目标后据此由人制定的。在很多方面公认会计准则类似于为有组织的体育比赛,如足球或篮球比赛制定的比赛规则。
(2) 会计师制定了一些会计程序,据此将现金收支分配于一定期间,以某种方式确定出收益,该收益代表这个企业特定期间的经济成果。收益概念应用于现实生活涉及许多的抉择和判断。
5.每小题选对1分
(1)C,(2)A,(3)B,(4)C,(5)C,(6)A,(7)C,(8)C,(9)B,(10)B
6.(1)全对4分,(2)全对5分,(3)全对6分
(1) Debit: cash 636000
Credit: Bonds payable 600000
Premium on bonds payable 36000
(2) Debit: Interest Expenses 28302
Premium on bonds payable 198
Credit: Cash 28500
(3) Debit: Interest Expenses 14137
Premium on bonds payable 113
Credit: Interest payable 14250
7.共6个调整数据,做对一个2分,合计数对2分,计14分。
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income …………………………………………………………… $260000
Adjustment for non cash revenue and expenses:
Added (less): depreciation ………………………..$90000
Loss on sale of machinery ………..$2400
Patent amortization ……………...$14800
Amortization of premium on bond ….($4600) $102600
Working capital changes:
Accounts receivable increase ……..($2000)
Accounts payable increase …………$8400 $6400
Cash flows from operating activities ………………………………$369000
8.项目1和项目3正确表述各4分,项目2正确表述3分。
Item 1: This item is a prepaid expenses and not properly recorded. Half of this expenses should be charged to the repair and maintenance account in the current year, half of this expenses should be deferred to next year.
Item 2: This item is properly charged the account, because that is for regulative repairs.
Item 3: This item is not properly charged, because this expenditure is for increasing the efficiency of production and should be capitalized.
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***************************来自:bharal****************************
2002年国贸学专业综合试卷
一、填空(每空1分,共8分)
1、在某一垄断竞争行业中,各厂商所生产的产品既存在___________,同时又具有___________。
2、以收益形式表现的生产要素边际生产力通常被称为___________。
3、凯恩斯主义认为,___________是西方国家最通常使用的、最主要使用的货币政策工具。
4、普惠制条件下,收惠国向给惠国输出的商品享受关税优惠的程度取决于普惠制与___________税之间的差额。
5、国际贸易包含世界各国之间商品和服务的交换活动和___________的国家间流动,它反映了世界各国在经济上的互相依存关系。
6、世界贸易组织在金融领域所追求的两大目标是___________和___________。
二、判断(每小题1分,共8分)
1、( )当录像机的价格上升时,录像带的需求量会减少,这是因为录像机和录像带之间存在着替代性。
2、( )厂商增加一单位产量时所增加的可变成本等于边际成本。
3、( )在均衡的国民收入水平上,非计划存货投资和计划存货都必须等于零。
4、( )在开放经济中,一国只能通过实施货币政策而不是通过实施财政政策实现充分就业和国际收支平衡。
5、( )长期性商品倾销往往有赖于规模经济或政府出口补贴的支持。
6、( )国际贸易额是世界各国进口额与出口额的总和。
7、( )蒙代尔-弗莱明模型认为,在浮动汇率制、货币自由流动和货币自主权之间存在着三难选择。
8、( )金融服务附录规定,审慎监管措施受服务贸易总协定其他条款的限制。
三、单选 (每题1分,共7分)
1、等成本曲线向内移动表明___________。
A、成本降低了 B、生产要素的价格按相同比例下降了
C、成本减少了 D、生产要素的价格按不同比例下降了
2、有效关税率代表着___________部分的有效保护。
A、产品增值 B、最终产品 C、原材料 D、中间产品
3、政府机构在采购货物时优先购买本国产品的政策,属于___________。
A、歧视性政府采购政策 B、进口押金制
C、进出口国家垄断 D、特许经营
4、某信用证中规定受益人为A公司,但向银行议付时提交的提单上,发货人却是B公司,这种情况下,根据UCP500的规定___________。
A、构成了单证不符,银行不会接受 B、不够成单证不符,银行必须接受
C、除非信用证另有规定,银行可以接受 D、除非信用证另有规定,银行将不接受
5、根据《联合国国际货物销售公约》的规定,一项接受由于邮政或电讯部门的延误,送达发盘人时超过了发盘的有效期,那么___________。
A、除非发盘人及时提出异议,该逾期接受仍然有效
B、只要发盘人及时表示确认,该逾期接受仍然有效
C、如果受盘人能够提供确切证据,则该逾期接受有效
D、即使受盘人能提供确切证据,该逾期接受仍然无效
6、国际银行设施属于离岸金融中心的___________。
A、功能中心 B、基金中心 C、名义中心 D、收放中心
7、择期业务与期权业务最主要的区别是___________。
A、经营机构少 B、币种与金额所受限制不同
C、能否放弃合约的自主权不同 D、期限不同
四、多项选择 (每题2分,共6分)
1、对外贸易政策由以下内容组成___________。
A、对外贸易总政策 B、产业政策
C、商业政策 D、进出口商品政策 E、国别地区政策
2、A公司与马来西亚的B公司签定了包销协议,出口某中成药。不久,A公司又与当地的C公司签订了经销合同,向其出口同样的中成药。这种情况下___________。
A、A公司的行为构成了违约,因为他损害了B公司的独家专营权
B、A公司不构成违约行为,因为他并没有授予B公司独家专营权
C、签订包销协议后,A公司仍可自行向当地出口,但不能再指定包销商
D、签订包销协议后,A公司既不能自行向当地出口,也不能再指定包销商
3、银行的资金来源除会员国交纳的股本外,还包括___________。
A、借款 B、份额 C、债券转让 D、利润收入 E、捐赠收入
五、名词解释 (每题3分,共15分)
价格歧视
出口信贷国家担保
要素价格均等化定理
特里芬难题
保付代理
六、简述 (每题6分,共18分)
1、证明短期生产函数和短期成本函数的对偶关系,并简单说明它们的变动规律。
2、根据国际商会制定的URC522的解释,简述托收方式下银行的职责和免责问题。
3、简述外汇风险的构成要素及其相互关系。
七、论述 (每题10分,共20分)
1、试述EU与APEC的异同?
2、结合我国近几年来彩电市场经历的大减价、限产联盟、限价联盟等,试分析我国的彩电行业属于什么市场结构?上述措施能否有效的解决彩电市场的激烈竞争?为什么?
八、案例分析 (第一题10分,第二题8分,共18分)
1、 出口商A与进口商B达成一笔机电产品的买卖合同,合同中规定由A商向B商提供两种型号的产品。其中,型号Ⅰ的产品400箱,型号Ⅱ的产品200箱,但不久A商接到国外来证,却发现信用证中将两种型号的数量弄颠倒了,变成了型号Ⅰ的产品200箱,型号Ⅱ的产品400箱。请问A商如果按合同执行和按信用证执行各会遇到什么问题?正确的做法应该是什么?
2、 假设某经济的消费函数为C=100+0.8Y(其中Y为个人可支配收入),投资I=100,政府购买支出G=200,政府转移支付TR=62.5(单位均为10亿美元),税率t=0.25。问:
(1)均衡国民收入是多少?
(2)投资乘数和政府税收乘数分别是多少?
(3)当政府将一笔支出用在政府购买上对国民收入的影响是否和将这一笔支出用在政府转移支付上对国民收入的影响一样?为什么?
***************************来自:Apollo号****************************
对外经济贸易大学
2002年攻读硕士研究生入学考试
经贸专业英语试题
本试题为英译中,共五段,每段二十分。
1.The True, Peaceful Face of Islam
There are 1.2 billion Muslims in the world, and Islam is the world’s fastest-growing religion. If the evil carnage we witnessed on Sept. 11 were typical of the faith, and Islam truly inspired and justified such violence, its growth and the increasing presence of Muslims in both Europe and the U.S. would be a terrifying prospect. Fortunately, this is not the case.
The very word Islam, which means “surrender”, is related to the Arabic salam, or peace. When the Prophet Muhammad brought the inspired scripture known as Koran to the Arabs in the early 7th century A. D., a major part of his mission was devoted precisely to bringing an end to the kind of mass slaughter we witnessed in New York City and Washington. Pre-Islamic Arabia was caught up in a vicious cycle of warfare, in which tribe fought tribe in a pattern of vendetta and counter-vendetta. Muhammad himself survived several assassination attempts, and the early Muslin community narrowly escaped extermination by the powerful city of Mecca. The Prophet had to fight a deadly war in order to survive, but as soon as he felt his people were probably safe, he devoted his attention to building up a peaceful coalition of tribes and achieved victory by an ingenious and inspiring campaign of non-violence. When he died in 632, he had almost single-handedly brought peace to war-torn Arabia.
Because the Koran was revealed in the context of an all-out war, several passages deal with the conduct of armed struggle. Warfare was a desperate business on the Arabian Peninsula. A chieftain was not expected to spare survivors after a battle, and some of the Koran injunctions seem to share this spirit. Muslims are ordered by God to “slay [enemies] wherever you find them!”. Extremists such as Osama bin laden like to quote such verses but do so selectively. They do not include the exhortation to peace, which in almost every case follow these more ferocious passages:” Thus, if they let you be, and do not make war on you, and offer you peace, God does not allow you to harm them.
Islam is not addicted to war, and jihad is not one of its “pillars”, or essential practices. The primary meaning of the word jihad is not ”holy war” but “struggle”. It refers to the different effort that is needed to put God’s will into practice at every level-personal and social as well as political. A very important and much quoted tradition has Muhammad telling his companions as they go home after a battle. “We are returning from the lesser jihad [the battle] to the greater jihad,” the far more urgent and momentous task of extirpating wrongdoing from one’s own society and one’s own heart.
---Time, October 1st 2001.
2.Women at work
Throughout American history, the proportion of women who work to provide for themselves or their families has always very high, What has changed---and has changed dramatically---is how many women earn a wage. After the rise of industrial capitalism in the nineteenth century, men increasingly sold their labor on the market. Most American women, however, continued to work without pay inside the home or on the family farm. This has changed. Most Americans now regard the rigidly enforced isolation of women from the labor force as out of step with contemporary business and culture. For over a century, at any given time more than 80 percent of men have earned a wage or salary. One hundred years ago, only about 20 percent women earned a wage or salary. Today, over 70percent do. Historians will report that the entrance of large numbers of women into the labor force was the most profound shift in the demographic composition of U.S. workers in the twentieth century. Indeed, it could be argued soundly that it was the century’s preeminent sociocultural change as well. Wage-earning women in the industrial democracies today have greater earning power than women have ever had in the history of the West.
Many see the World War II ear, with its tight labor market and Rosie the Riveter” campaigns as the watershed period for women’s first beginning to work for wages in large numbers. Such exclusive attention to the temporary upsurge cause by the war, though, risks ignoring how there has been a trend toward increasing labor force participation throughout the development of the American market economy.
There can be little doubt that, on balance, a woman’s expectation to earn a wage has been liberating . The labor power of today’s women allows personal and professional choices to be made that were unavailable in the past. Some worry, however, that the economic agency that women have gained by entering the labor force is culturally hollow, At very least, the grand social transformation that many feminists hoped would follow after large number of hours outside the home still earn less on average than their male coworkers and are often excluded from positions of authority, yet continue to bear disproportionate responsibility for completing household chores.
---America by the Numbers
3.The Knowledge Economy
Economists continue to search for the foundations of economic growth. Traditional “production functions” focus on labor, capital, materials and energy; knowledge and technology are external influences on production. Now analytical approaches are being developed so that knowledge can be included more directly in production functions. Investments in knowledge can increase the productive capacity of the other factors of production as well as transform them into new products and processes. And since these knowledge investments are characterized by increasing (rather than decreasing) returns, they are the key to long-term economic growth.
The most visible sign of the knowledge-based economy is the emergence of the “information society”. Information technology has speeded up the codification of knowledge, transforming it into a market commodity: large chunks of knowledge can be codified and transmitted over computer and communications networks. The use of personal computers has more than doubled in the last decade. These computers can be linked nationally and internationally. Through computer networks, knowledge is more accessible to a wider group of people and cheaper to acquire.
Knowledge itself is becoming a more marketable product, and its spread is transforming other goods and services and creating new markets. The spiraling number of information services available on the Internet, raging from job searches to medical advice, is one example. The transformation of several disciplines—measurements, navigation, chemistry, music, surgery, telecommunications—by laser technology is another. And as the stock of knowledge accessible to the world economy swells, it is driving economic growth. The increase in knowledge accessibility and lower barriers to entry are also enhancing the role of the entrepreneur.
---The Knowledge Economy
4.Capacity to Be a Principal
Nor every person or entity may be a principal. To be a principal, one must have the capacity to execute a contract. Minors, incompetents, and other natural persons with limited contractual capacity may be restricted in their ability to be a principal or even prohibited entirely from becoming a principal. Adult persons of limited mental capacities or adults who are temporarily incapacitated (for example, while intoxicated) are not permitted to appoint agents freely. Under modern legal theory, minors have contractual capacity for necessities and thus may be principals and appoint agents for any item deemed to be necessary (food, shelter, and so on). This complicated by the fact that there is no uniform definition of what falls within the term “necessary”. Consequently, the practical result is that very few people are willing to contract with minors for anything, and even fewer people will deal with the agent of minor.
A corporation has contractual capacity and can be a principal. The corporation’s ability to appoint an agent is limited to the scope of activities authorized in its articles of incorporation. This caused some problems in the past because lawyers used to draft the articles of incorporation to encompass only those activities contemplated by the incorporations (for example, to operate a railroad). However, since modern legal practice is to create a corporation with the ability to conduct any business the law allows, there are few limitations on a corporation’s capacity to act as a principal.
Partnerships can usually act as principals, although there are two legal theories to explain how. Where the law does not treat a partnership as a legal entity, the partnership itself is not technically capable of being a principal. In these jurisdictions, because the partnership lacks contractual capability, the individual partners are deemed to be the principal and the partnership’s agent is really the agent of the partners. In the jurisdictions where a partnership is a legal entity, this fiction need not be observed, and the partnership can act directly as a principal through its agents.
---McGill’s Legal Aspects of Life Insurance
5.Financial Derivatives
In the past two decades, we have witnessed the revolutionary period in the trading of financial derivatives or contingent claims in financial markets around world. A derivative security may be defined as a security whose value depends on the values of other more basic underlying variables, which may be the prices of traded securities, prices of commodities or stock indices. The two most common derivative securities are futures and options. A forward contract ( called a futures contract if traded on exchange ) is an agreement between two parties to buy or sell an asset at a certain time in the future for a predetermined price while an option gives the holder the right ( but not the obligation ) to buy or sell an asset by a certain date for a predetermined price.
Options are classified either as a call option or a put option. A call ( or put ) is a contract which gives the holder the right to buy ( or sell ) a prescribed asset, known as the underlying asset, by a certain date ( expiration date ) for a predetermined price ( commonly called the exercise price or the strike price ). Since the holder is given the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell the asset, he will make the decision depending on whether the deal is favorable to him or not. The option is said to be exercised on the expiration date, then the option is called a European option, while the exercise is allowed at any time prior to the expiration date, then it is called an American option ( these term have nothing to do with their continental origins ). The simple call and put options with no special features are commonly called plain vanilla options. Also, we have options coined with names like Asian option, lookback option, barrier option etc.
The other party to the holder of the option in the contract is called the writer of the option. The holder and the writer are said to be in the long and short positions of the option contract, respectively. Unlike the holder, he writer does have an obligation with regard to the option contract, say, the writer must sell the asset if the holder chooses in his favor to buy the asset. This is zero-sum game. The holder gains from the loss of writer or vice versa.
---Mathematical models of financial derivatives
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***************************来自:wayne2001****************************
2002国际商法专业试题
一名词解释(用中文回答每题3分,共18分)
1.constructive trust
2.concurrent condition
3.floating cargo
4.power of attorney
5.treasury stock
6.winding up
二、简答题(每题6分共42分)
1、比较英美公司法与大陆公司法在公司资本制度上的异同并分析利弊。
2、请说明“减轻损失原则”的主要内容。
3、计算信赖利益损失的原则和方法与计算期待利益损失的原则和方法有何不同?
4、公司董事发生“利益冲突”的情形主要有哪些?其法律后果如何?
5、票据关系的主要特点是什么?
6、请比较英美法中“不正当影响”与我国民法中“显失公平”的异同。
7、依据事实1980年联合国国际货物销售公约当卖方交货与合同不符时,买方要求减价与要求损害赔偿有何不同?
三、论述题(10分)
试述:诚实信用原则在1980年联合国国际货物销售公约中是如何体现的。
四、案例分析题(每题15分共30分用中文回答)
(太长,略)
***************************来自:小兔heandshe****************************
2001经贸专业英语试题
1.The information revolution
Never in the history of this planet has humanity seen more change than w
itnessed over the last twenty years.After centuries-even millenniums-of human
civilization,only in this period has man found the means to connect instantly
and efficiently the consciousness of virtually every inhabitant on the earth.O
nly in the past decade have come the means to consolidate,organize,and access
all of the available knowledge that man has gained over the entire history
of humanity.And as if this mind-numbing pace of change has not been fast enoug
h,the forces that drive it promise to become even stronger and faster in the c
oming twenty years.Our race is in the midst of the information revolution-a re
volution that could change virtually every facet of human life.
From our vantage point ,it is still not possible to fully grasp the e
xtent and significance of the information
revolution .Things are moving too fast-propelled by advances in science and t
he forces of market economics to predict exactly how evolving technologies wil
l alter civilization on earth . The only thing that can be said for certain is
that major change is inevitable for all but the most remote fringes of human
society.We are heading at blinding speed into a complete new world built on a
foudation of the information and communication technology.
2.Recent Trends in international trade
Over the last decades,the foreign trade sector has grown dramatically in i
mportance worldwide .In 1960,as a percentage of nominal GDP,goods exports and
imports were 3.9 percent and 2.9 percent ,respectively.By 1997,goods exports
and imports shares had risen to 8.5 percent and 11.0 percent ,respectively.Dom
estic demand has increasingly been met by imports,while exports have become a
more significant factor underlying growth in manufacturing output.
What does the United States export and import ?In 1997,by principle end-u
se categories,export are led by capital goods excluding autos ,with second pla
ce held by industrial supplies and materials.Most imports for industrial suppl
ies and materials,followed by automotive vehicles,parts ,and engines.
Exports and imports flows between various trading partners have changes
significantly since the end of World WarII .Though still important,Wester
n Europe no longer dominates as the United states' primary trading region.For
exports,Canada is by far the most important buyer of US goods.In 1996, Canada
also was the number one supplier of goods to the United States.In recent yea
rs , however ,Japan,China,and Mexico have become increasingly important .While
the United States' largest unilateral trade deficit for goods is with Japan
,China's goods trade surplus with the United States has grown rapidly in rece
nt years.
3.contract in Cyberspace
The law of contracts,fashioned over centuries to fit the needs of parties w
ho transact ,is rich in human experience .It would be presumptuous to assume t
hat technological change will fundamentally alter the way we contract.It will
not .Rather , contract law will adapt,as it always has ,to accommodate cybers
pace .Although,contract law must change so that it provides certainty and enf
orceability over cyberspace transactions,technology must progress before this
can happen .Cyberspace security problems must be resolved ,for until transac
tions can be securely effected simply and with wide accessibility,business wi
ll lack the necessary comfort level.This may require patience. It's important
that the market resolve the technological issues first,or wu run the risk of l
aw dictating technology--a sub-optimal solution.The contact law that will emer
ge won't be a "new" or revolutionary contract law per se.Rather it will apply
old principles to the new enviroment,and over time will evolve to further
reflect cyberspace's idiosyncrasies.
Contract law issues that require immdiate legislative attention are: the st
atus of digital signature and their acceptability in Contracts , amendments t
o the Statue of Frauds' writing and signing requirements ,legal support of
encryption use ,and criminalization of crypto-attacks ,Government should also
give priority attention to public key infrastructure(PKI) issues,such as the
liability of certification authorities.Other than becoming a model user,it sho
uldn't mandate use of a particular PKI system at this time.The market should b
e left to make its own choices.
4.Corporate Bonds
As the name indicates,corporate bonds are issued by corporations,Corporati
on bonds are classified by the type of issuer. The four general classif
ications used by bond information services are1)utilities,(2)transportation
s,(3)industrials,and(4)banks and finance companies.First breakdowns are often
to create more homogeneous groupings.For example,utilities are subdivided into
electric power companies,gas distribution companies,water companies,and commu
nication companies.Transportation are divided further into airlines.railroads,
and trucking companies.Industrials are the catchall class,and the most hetero
geneous of the groupings with respect to investment characteristics.Industrial
s include all kinds of manufacturing,merchandising,and service companies.
The promises of a corporate bond issuer and the rights of investors are s
et forth in great detail in a contract called a bond indenture .Failure to pay
either the principal or interest when due constitutes legal default and cour
t proceedings can be instituted to enforce the contract .Bondholders,as credit
ors,have a prior legal claim over preferred and common stockholders as to bot
h income and assets of the corporation for the principal and interest due them
.
In a typical corporate bond ,there are options embedded in the issue.An e
mbedded option is part of the structure of a bond,as opposed to a "bare option
",which trades separeately from any underlying security.
Most corporate bonds are term bonds,that is ,they run for a term of year
s and then become due and payable.Term bonds are ofen referred to as "bullet--
maturity" or simply "bullet" bonds.The term may be long or short.As with Treas
ure secutities,obligations due less then ten years from the date of issue are
called notes.Term bonds may be retired by payment at final maturity or retire
d prior to maturity if provided for in the indenture.Some corporate bond issue
s are so arranged that specified principal amounts become due on specified dat
es.Such issues are called serial bonds.
5.warranties on the Sale of a Business
The sale of a business is a transaction which involves the sale of a varied co
llection of assets having differrent characteristics:
(a)some of the assets will be physical goods,such as stock,machinery and equi
pment ;
(b)usually there will be freehold of leasehold properties to be transferred;
(c)intangible assets will include the goodwill of the business,debtors and ,co
mmonly,intellectual property rights.
(d)rights may be sold,such as to the current order book,which are barely asset
s in the nomal sense.
The transaction will not normally involve the purchaser in taking over liabili
ties and these will not generally pass unless there is an express acceptance b
y the purchaser.This broad principle needs,however,to be qualified in a number
of respects:
(1)Liabilities in relation to properties may run with the land and accordingly
automatically bind the purchaser.
(2)Certain obligations to the emplyees of a business which is sold as a going
concern pass under the Transfer of Undertaking (Protection of Employment)Regul
ations 1981.
(3)Partly completed goods,the manufacture of which is completed by the purchas
er,will give rise to a liability on the purchaser if they prove to be defectiv
e envn though the defect arises from work done by the vendor.
(4)From a practical point of view,it is often necessary for the purchaser to p
erform warranty obligations of the vendor in relation to goods sold slightly b
efore the transfer of the business.
Despite these exceptions,the general rules is that the purchaser does not take
over any liabilities of the business for which it does not wish to be respons
ible.This significantly affects the scope of the wanrranties which the purchas
er will seek and,broadly,the warranties on share sales dealing with liabilitie
s ,and in particular those concerning taxation, will be unnecessary.Neverthele
ss,not all liabilities are irrelevant in determining whether the purchaser has
acquired what it thought it was buying :
(1)The purchaser will wish to be sure that accounts of the vendor correctly r
eflect the profitability of the business and that liabilities reducing the pr
ofits are fully taken into account.
(2)Disputes with suppliers and customers could adversely affect the goodwill o
f the business.
(3)Employees who are dissatisfied because they have outstanding claims of whic
h the purchaser is not aware could cause problems for the purchaser of such si
gnificance that it could find itself effectively forced to meet the liabilitie
s even though it has no legal responsibility.
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***************************来自:小兔heandshe****************************
2002金融专业试题
一、填空(每空1分,共9分)
1、在某一垄断竞争行业中,各厂商所生产的产品既存在————,同时有具有———。
2、以收益形式表现的生产要素边际生产力通常被称为————。
3、凯恩斯主义认为,————是西方国家最通常使用的、最主要的货币政策工具。
4、普惠制条件下,受惠国向给惠国输出的商品享受关税优惠的程度取决于普惠税与——
——之间的差额。
5、按照目前我国贷款风险分类标准,贷款分为正常类、————类、————类、可疑
类和损失类。
6、世界贸易组织在金融领域所追求的两大目标是————和————。
二、判断下列各题的叙述是否正确,正确的在每小题前面的括号内划√错误的划×
(每小题1分,共10分)
1、( )当录像机的价格上升时,录像带的需求量会减少,这是因为录像机和录像带之
间存在着代替性。
2、( )厂商增加一单位产量时所增加的可变成本等于边际成本。
3、( )在均衡的国民收入水品上,非计划存货和计划存货投资都必须等于零。
4、( )在开放经济中,一国只能通过实施货币政策而不是通过财政政策实现充分就业
和国际收支平衡。
5、( )长期性商品 倾销往往有赖于规模经济或政府出口补贴的支持。
6、( )国际贸易额是世界各国进口与出口的总和。
7、( )在金融市场上,短期利率的波动一般要大于长期利率,但长期债券的价格比短
期债券的价格不稳定。
8、( )根据中国人民银行的规定,证券交易保证金帐户存款属于我国货币统计中M1的
组成部分。
9、( )蒙代尔——弗莱明模型认为,在浮动汇率制、货币自由流动和货币自主权之间
存在着三难选择。
10、( )金融服务附录规定,审慎监管措施受服务贸易总协定其他条款的限制。
三、单项选择题(将正确答案填写在括号内,每题1分,共7分)
1、等成本线向内移动表明
A、;产量降低了 B、生产要素的价格按相同比例下降了; C、成本减少了;
D、生产要素的价格按不同比例下降了
答案( )
2、有效关税率代表这对————部分的有效保护。
A、产品增值; B、最终产品; C、原材料; D、中间产品
答案( )
3、政府机构在采购货物时有限购买本国产品的政策,属于————。
A、歧视性政府采购政策; B、进口押金制; C、进出口国家垄断; D、特许经营
答案( )
4、主要以吸收存款方式筹措资金的金融机构有————。
A、抵押银行; B、投资银行; C、储蓄银行; D、开发银行
答案( )
5、属于间接融资工具的是————。
A、投资基金; B、公司债券; C、非金融公司商业票据; D、国库卷
答案( )
6、国际银行设施属于离岸金融中心的————。
A、功能中心; B、基金中心; C、名义中心; D、收放中心
答案( )
7、择期业务与期权业务最主要的区别是————。
A、经营的机构少; B、币种与金额所受限制不同; C、能否放弃合约的自主权不同;
D、期限不同
答案( )
四、多项选择题(将正确答案填在括号内,每题2分,共6分)
1、对外贸易政策由以下内容构成————。
A、对外贸易总政策; B、产业政策; C、商业政策; D、进出口商品政策
E、国别地区政策
答案( )
2、对证券公募与私募的比较标明————。
A、公募与私募均要遵守有关事实全部公开的原则;
B、私募较适合于中小公司证券的发行;
C、私募证券可直接上市;
D、公募要求证券评级;
E、公募证券不能进行柜台交易
答案( )
3、世界银行的资金来源除会员国交纳的股本金外,还包括————。
A、借款; B、份额; C、债权转让; D、利润收入 E、捐赠收入
答案( )
五、简单准确解释下列名次(每题3分,共15分)
1、价格歧视
2、收入贸易条件
3、要素价格均等化定理
4、流动性陷阱
5、特里芬难题
六、简述题(每题6分,共18分)
1、证明短期生产函数和短期成本函数的对偶关系,并简单说明它们的变动规律。
2、简述《补贴与反补贴协议》中可申述补贴的含义。
3、福费廷业务能给出口商带来那些具体的利益?
七、论述题(每题10分,共20分)
1、为什么中央银行要进行金融监管?其监管的主要内容是什么?
2、根据IS曲线方程和LM曲线方程推导总需求函数,并说明函数中的参数对总需求函数的
影响及其经济学含义。
八、案例分析题(第1题7分,第2题8分,共15分)
1、某单位欲从国外商业银行筹措一年期的贷款,购买机械设备,一年期美元贷款利率为
10.125%,1年期欧元贷款利率为4%,根据权威机构预测在贷款期内美元将贬值8%,问
该单位借美元有利还是借欧元有利?为什么(列出演算过程)
2、 假设某经济的消费函数为C=100+0.8Y(其中Y为个人可支配收入),投资I=100,政
府购买支出G=200,政府转移支付TR=62.5(单位均为10亿美元),税率t=0.25。问:
(1)均衡国民收入是多少?
(2)投资乘数和政府税收乘数分别是多少?
(3)当政府将一笔支出用在政府购买上对国民收入的影响是否和将这一笔支出用在政府
转移支付上对国民收入的影响一样?为什么?
***************************来自:小兔heandshe****************************
2000年金融专业试题
一、简单准确解释下列名次(每题3分,共24分)
1、市场失灵
2、机会成本
3、李嘉图的比较成本说
4、规模报酬
5、欧洲货币市场
6、表外业务
7、名义利率与实际利率
8、真实票据原则
二、单项选择题(每题1分,共10分)
1、外汇的购买者或者卖者在合约的有效期内任何一天,只可要求银行实行交割的外汇业
务是:
A、择期业务; B、期权业务; C、远期外汇业务; D、掉期业务
2、以下外汇风险管理方法中,可同时消除时间和货币风险的方法是:
A、借款法; B、远期合同法; C、提前收付法; D、投资法
3、利率是一个笼统的概念。具体到某种金融工具,对投资者最有意义的利率衡量尺度是
:
A、票面利率; B、即期收益率; C、到期平均收益率; D、名利收益率
4、本票和汇票的区别在于:
A、本票是书面支付承诺,汇票是书面支付命令; B、本票都是即期付款,汇票有即期远
期之分; C、本票的付款人都是银行,汇票的付款人不一定是银行; D、本票的付款是
有条件的,汇票的付款是无条件的
5、李斯特提出保护的对象是:
A、农业; B、能与外国产品竞争的行业; C、不能与外国产品竞争的幼稚产业;
D、传统工业
6、职能分工行金融体系的最重要特征是:
A、商业银行与中央银行分离; B、商业银行与储蓄银行分离; C、投资银行与储蓄银行
分离; D、商业银行与投资银行分离
7、经济学中的“短期”和“长期”是根据下列哪一个条件分的:
A、生产周期的时间长短; B、生产要素在一定时期内是否可全部调整; C、产量在一定
时期内是否可以调整; D、生产规模在一定时期内是否可以调整
8、正常商品价格上升导致需求量减少的原因在于:
A、替代效应使需求量增加,收入效应使需求量减少; B、替代效应使需求量增加,收入
效应使需求量增加; C、替代效应使需求量减少,收入效应使需求量减少; D、替代效
应使需求量减少,收入效应使需求量增加
9、洛美协定是欧盟与( )签署的特殊贸易优惠协定。
A、非洲发展中国家; B、加勒比海地区发展中国家; C、非洲、加勒比和太平洋发展中
国家; D、南太平洋发展中国家
10、当一国经济处于IS曲线左侧,LM曲线右侧时,
A、I>S,L>M; B、I>S,L<M; C、I<S,L<M; D、I<S;L>M
三、多项选择题(每题1分,共10分)
1、公共产品与私人产品的区别为:
A、公共产品是由政府提供,私人产品是由私人提供; B、公共产品的消费者是公共部门
,私人产品的消费者是私人经济行为着; C、公共产品的消费具有非排他性,私人产品
的消费具有排他性;D、公共产品的消费者具有非抗争性,私人产品的消费者具有抗争性
2、周期性失业是指:
A、由于某些行业生产的季节性变动所引起的失业; B、由于劳动力市场结构的特点,劳
动力的流动不能适应劳动力需求的变动所引起的失业; C、由于总需求不足所引起的短
期失业; D、由于在现行工资水平和工作条件下仍找不到工作的失业
3、商业银行信用创造的基本前提是:
A、部分准备金; B、全部准备金; C、非现金结算; D、现金结算
4、一下那些是证券交易所特点:
A、代理交易; B、自营交易为主; C、竞价交易; D、协商成交
5、总需求曲线上国民收入与价格水平的配合要求:
A、国民收入与价格同方向变动; B、国民收入与价格反方向变动; C、商品市场和货币
市场同时均衡; D、利率和名义货币供给量保持不变
6、一国的国际储备通常包括:
A、该国保有的可兑换货币及其表示的支付凭证和信用凭证; B、居民手中的外汇;
C、在IMF中的储备头寸; D、特别提款权
7、保护贸易的利益主要有:
A、增加国内就业; B、形成相互有利的国际分工; C、促进竞争,组织垄断;
D、有利于贸易条件的改善
8、与固定汇率制相比,浮动汇率制的主要优点有:
A、汇率能发挥其调节国际收支的杠杆作用; B、有助于消除外汇的投机; C、减少对外
汇储备的需要; D、有助于保持货币政策的稳定性
9、在均衡国民收入水平上:
A、计划投资等于非计划投资; B、存货投资等于零; C、非计划存货投资等于零;
D、计划存货投资等于非计划存货投资
10、下列离岸金融中心,属于集中性中心的是:
A、伦敦; B、香港; C、新加坡; D、国际银行设施
四、判断下列各题的叙述是否正确(每小题1分,共8分)
1、有差别存在就会有垄断,但有差别的产品之间并不存在垄断。
2、垄断厂商在实现短期均衡时,可能会出现亏损,即经济利润为零。
3、70年代后,国际上商业银行存款结构的重要变化是以活期存款为代表的短期性资金来
源比例上升,以定期和储蓄存款为代表的长期性资金来源比例下降。
4、马克思指出:“对外贸易的扩大,虽然在资本主义生产方式的幼年时期是这种生产方
式的基础,但在资本主义生产方式的发展中,由于这种生产方式的外在必然性,由于这
种生产方式要求不断扩大市场,他成为这种生产方式本身的产物。”
5、晚期重商主义也为贸易平衡论。
6、目前,电汇汇率是外汇市场的基本汇率,其他汇率都以电汇汇率作为计算基础。
7、欧式期权较美式更为零活,故其保险费更高。
8、汇率变化会对所有的外币资产或负债产生影响,因而,所有的外币资产和负债都要承
担风险。
五、填空(每空1分,共9分)
1、外汇风险可以分为会计风险、————和————。
2、哈罗德认为一个国家的经济增长率取决于————和————。
3、生产要素的需求特点主要表现为————,————。
4、根据美国《1988年贸易综合法》,如果发现别国侵犯了美国的知识产权,可引用——
——进行报复。
5、对于单个厂商来说,只有在————市场结构中,厂商的平均收益、边际收益和——
——才相等。
六、回答以下两个问题(每题6分,共12分)
1、在80年代以前,美国农产品的需求主要来自其他国家,据统计1981年美国的小麦供给
为:
Qs=1800-P
小麦的总需求为:
QD=3550+266P
小麦的国内需求为:
Qd=1000-46P
式中的价格单位为美元/蒲式耳,数量为百万蒲式耳/年。式分析:
(1)小麦的市场均衡价格和数量为多少?
(2)若小麦的出口需求下降了40%,美国小麦的市场价格会发生什么变化?为什么美国
农民为此担忧?
(3)1985年美国政府价格支持计划使小麦价格维持在3美元/蒲式耳,如果没有出口需求
,政府应每年购买多少小麦?这将使政府每年花费多少钱?
2、 假设某经济的消费函数
为C=100+0.8Y(其中Y为个人可支配收入),投资I=10
0,政府购买支出G=200,政府转移支付TR=62.5(单位均为10亿美元),税率t=0.25。
问:
(1)均衡国民收入是多少?
(2)投资乘数和政府税收乘数分别是多少?
(3)当政府将一笔支出用在政府购买上对国民收入的影响是否和将这一笔支出用在政府
转移支付上对国民收入的影响一样?为什么?
七、论述下列问题(请将论述限制在1000字以内,7分)
1、分析欧元问世以来的表现、原因及前景。
八、回答以下两个问题(请将每题论述限制在1000字以内。每题19分,共20分)
1、分析商业信用、银行信用及消费信用对货币流通的影响。
2、结合亚洲金融危机中港币的表现,阐述联系汇率制的运行机制并对其进行简要评价。
2001年金融专业试题
一、填空(每空1分,共10分)
1、当某一厂商使用劳动L和资本K两种可变要素进行一种产品生产时,厂商实现劳动和资
本要素最佳投入的条件是————。
2、对单个厂商来说,只有在————市场结构中,厂商的平均收益、边际收益和价格相
等。
3、货币学派把————作为货币政策的唯一控制指标,该政策建议被称为————。
4、进口国对倾销商品征收反倾销税必须具备的条件为————。
5、金融工具的基本特征是风险性、收益性、——性、和——性、
6、《国际货币基金协定》条例规定:当一种货币在货币基金组织的库存下降到该会员国
份额的75%以下时,货币基金组织可将该会员国货币宣布为————,并按逆差国的需
要进行限额分配;逆差国有权对该国货币采取临时的————。
二、判断下列各题的叙述是否正确,正确的在每小题前面的括号内划√错误的划×
(每小题1分,共10分)
1、( )当厂商以降低产品价格增加销售量时,一定会带来销售额的增加。
2、( )公共产品与私人产品的区别在于:公共产品应由政府部门提供,而私人产品是
由私人企业生产。
3、( )货币投机需求曲线向右下方倾斜是因为较低的利率增加了持有货币的机会成本
。
4、( )在其他条件不变的情况下,自发性净出口的增加可导致IS曲线向右移动。
5、( )依照总贸易体制,以国境为标准统计进口,凡进入国境的商品,不论其是否办
理通关手续,一律列入进口,作为总进口的一部分。
6、( )进口替代贸易发展模式是以进口产品取代国内生产的同类产品的贸易发展模式
。
7、( )一般只有在交易所十分不健全完善的国家才有大量证券交易在场外进行。
8、( )理论上说,国际收支的不平衡指自主性交易的不平衡,但在统计上很难做到。
9、( )买方期权和买方期权是同一期权交易的两个方面。
10、( )扬基债券和武士债券分别是在美国和日本发行的两种欧洲债券。
三、单项选择题(将正确答案填写在括号内,每题1分,共7分)
1、既考虑到出口商品劳动生产率的变化,又考虑到进口商品劳动生产率变化的贸易条件
为:
A、收入贸易条件;B、单项因素贸易条件;C、净贸易条件;D、双项因素贸易条件
答案( )
2、按国内价格与进口价格之间的差额征收的关税为:
A、最惠国税;B、普惠税;C、特惠税;D、差价税
答案( )
3、普遍优惠制的三个基本原则是:
A、普遍的、非歧视的、互惠的;B、普遍的、附加条件的、对等的;C、普遍的、非歧视
的、非互惠的;D、有选择的、附加条件的、对等的
答案( )
4、欧洲联盟对农畜产品征收差价税,按照( )的差额征收。
A、指标价格与进口价格;B、门槛价格与进口价格;C、指标价格与门槛价格;D、干预
价格与进口价格
答案( )
5、当处于通货膨胀和国际收支逆差的经济状况时,应采取下列什么政策搭配
A、紧缩国内支出,本币升值;B、扩张国内支出,本币贬值;C、扩长国内支出,本币升
值;D、紧缩国内支出,本币贬值
答案( )
6、假设美国投资者投资英镑CD,6个月收益5%,此期间英镑贬值9%,则投资英镑的有
效收益率为:
A、14.45%;B、-4.45%;C、14%;D、4%
答案( )
7、当一个注册地点为中国大陆的公司在香港联交所上市时,我们称该公司为:
A、A股上市公司;B、B股上市公司;C、红筹股上市公司;D、H股上市公司
答案( )
四、多项选择题(将正确答案填在括号内,每题1分,共7分)
1、邓宁的国际生产折衷理论认为,企业欲进行有利的海外投资活动必须具备:
A、所有权优势;B、内部化优势;C、比较优势;D、区位优势
答案( )
2、在现代贸易条约与协定中,最常见的最惠国待遇适用的例外包括:
A、边境贸易;B、沿海贸易;C、关税贸易;D、过境贸易
答案( )
3、乌拉圭回合达成的《服务贸易总协定》,将服务贸易定义为:
A、过境交付;B、境外消费;C、商业存在;D、自然人流动
答案( )
4、下列业务属于商业银行表外业务的是:
A、承兑业务;B、融资业务;C、远期业务;D、存款业务
答案( )
5、下列属于货币市场工具的是:
A、商业票据;B、公司债券;C、股票;D、国库券
答案( )
6、欧洲货币市场境内、外业务一体型的代表是:
A、纽约;B、伦敦;C、新加坡;D、香港
答案( )
7、1999年12月,美国总统克林顿签署文件,批准了参众两院先前通过的《金融服务现代
化法案》该法案:
A、是1933年通过的《格拉斯--斯蒂格尔》法案的修正案;B、最大的特点是取消商业
银行业、证券业和保险业之间的界限;C、仍然禁止商业银行业。证券业的混和经营;
D、是在美国银行业由于法律限制而发展缓慢的条件下制定的
答案( )
五、简单准确解释下列名次(每题3分,共18分)
1、挤出效应
2、Restrictive Business Practice
3、金融工程
4、收益资本化
5、外汇缓冲政策
6、马歇尔--勒纳条件
六、简述题(每题6分,共12分)
1、简述美国反倾销法中的“公平价格”标准。
2、新古典宏观经济学的货币周期理论和实际经济周期理论的主要观点是什么?
七、论述题(每题10分,共20分)
1、何谓利率市场化?试分析我国利率市场化的条件和意义。
2、垄断是由什么原因造成的?为什么说垄断造成了市场失灵?政府能够采取有效的措施
限制垄断吗?为什么?
八、案例分析题(第1题8分,第2题8分,共16分)
1、设纽约市场上美元利率为8%,伦敦市场上英镑年利率为6%,纽约外汇市场上即期汇
率为1英镑=1.6025-1.6035美元,三个月英镑升水为30-50点,求:
(1)三个月的远期利率;
(2)若一投资者拥有10万英镑,投资于纽约市场,采用掉期交易来规避外汇风险,应如
何操作?
(3)比较(2)中的投资方案与直接投资与伦敦市场两种情况,那一种方案获利更多。
2、美国的Sal's卫星公司向洛杉矶和纽约的订户发送电视节
目。洛杉矶和纽约订户的市场需求曲线分别为:
QLA=80-(2/3)PLA
QNY=80-(2/3)PNY
式中,Q以千户/年计,P是年定价。
Sal's卫星公司提供发送电视节目的服务成本为:
C=1000+30Q
其中,Q=QLA+QNY
问:
(1)在两个市场是分开的情况下,保证洛杉矶市场和纽约市场利润最大化的价格和数量
分别是多少?
(2)美国五角大楼部署了一颗新卫星,使居住在洛杉矶的人可以直接收到Sal's公司在
纽约发送的节目,而居住在纽约的人也可以直接收到Sal's公司在洛杉矶发送的节目,这
样纽约或洛杉矶的任何人只要在任一城市付费就可以收到Sal's公司的节目,因此Sal's
公司只能定单一的价格。Sal's公司的单一价格为多少?它在纽约和洛杉矶能销售多少数
量?
(3)上两种销售情况哪一种对Sal's公司来说利润更大?
99经贸综合知识试题
注:第八题只限国贸专业考生答,第九题只限金融考生答
一,名词解释 (3分/1题)
1.国内生产总值 2.财政制度的内在稳定器 3.水平型国际分工 4.到达合同 5.外币期权 6.衍生金融工具 7.普遍优惠制 8.外汇留成制度
二.单选 (1分/1题)
1.在一国货币贬值后,下列哪个经济现象最不可能能发生:
A.出口增加 B.进口增加 C.通货膨胀 D.通货紧缩
2.作为未执行远期外汇合约的当事人,他将面临:
A.交易风险 B.经济风险 C.经营风险 D.政治风险
3.下列有关备用信用证的说明中,正确地说法是:
A.备用信用证不受跟单信用证统一惯例的约束 B.该证的开证行不以单证相符作为付款的条件
C.只有当开证申请人履约时,受益人才得到银行的付款 D.备用信用证仅在国际工程承包业务中使用
4.按照<<联合国国际货物销售合同合约>>的规定,下列有关发盘撤回问题的表述中,()是错误的.
A.发盘之所以能够撤回是因为发盘尚未生效 B.当发盘中规定了有效期时,该发盘不得撤回
C.所有发盘均可以撤回,即使该发盘是不可撤回的 D.撤回的通知须先于发盘或与之同时到达受盘人
5.出口价格指数与进口价格指数之比,称为:
A.净贸易条件 B.收入贸易条件 C.单项因素贸易条件 D.购买力平价
6.世界贸易组织将服务贸易分为()大类
A.9 B.10 C.11 D.12
7.如果X商品与Y商品的相对价格是2:1,某人消费X商品与Y商品时的边际效用MUx/MUy之比是3:2,为实现效用最大化,应该()
A.X商品的价格必须上升 B.消费者必须增加X商品的消费
C.消费者必须增加Y商品的消费,减少X商品的消费 D.消费者收入必须增加
8.某一时间内,X商品的替代品的价格上升和互补品的价格上升,分别引起X商品的需求变动量为50单位和80单位,则在他们的共同作用下,该时期的X商品的需求量()
A.增加30单位 B.减少30单位 C.增加130单位 D.减少130单位
9.Leontief paradox 是在验证()理论时提出来的.
A.绝对优势理论 B.比较优势理论 C.竞争优势理论 D.要素贸易理论
10.我国现行的汇率制度是()
A.有管理的单一固定汇率制度 B.有管理的单一浮动汇率制度
C.有管理的双轨浮动汇率制度 D.由市场供求决定的浮动汇率制度
三.多选 (1分/1题)
1.下列哪些因素会使总需求曲线向右移动:
A.增加名义货币供给量 B.增加政府购买支出 C.增加税收 D.增加政府转义支付
2.对于生产函数Q=f(L,K)和成本方程C=wL+rK来说,在最优的生产要素组合点上应该有()
A.等产量曲线和等成本曲线相切 B.RTSLK=w/r
C.RTSLK=ΔK/ΔL=MPK/MPL D.MPL/w=MPK/r
3.近年来,国际海运业务中使用越来越多的海运提单是由承运人签发的()
A.一种不可转让的运输单证 B.用以证明海上货物运输合同的凭证
C.证明货物已经由承运人接管或装运的凭证 D.可以流通转让的所有权凭证
5.当对一商品实行最高限价时,()
A.生产者会生产更多的商品以缩小供求之间的差距 B.引起抢购或黑市买卖
C.产生商品过剩现象 D.商品供不应求,政府实行配给制
6.乌拉圭回合谈判中达成的<<补贴与反补贴>>中,将补贴分为()
A.禁止使用补贴 B.不禁止使用补贴 C.可申诉的补贴 D.不可申诉的补贴
7.运用保理业务,().
A.进出口商不需事先协商 B.出口商品的价格高于托收下的价格
C.出口商可免除外汇信贷风险 D.进出口商需事先协商
8.只有在合同到期日,客户才可以要求银行执行交割的外汇业务是()
A.择期业务 B.远期业务 C.欧式期权 D.美式期权
9.若一国国际收支的经常帐户与资本金融帐户为顺差,则该国()
A.外汇储备增加或官方短期债权减少 B.外汇储备增加或官方短期债权增加
C.外汇储备增加或官方短期债务减少 D.外汇储备减少或官方短期债务减少
10.一国实行复汇制,会()
A.扩大出口 B.减少进口 C.扩大进口 D.被国际上认为是歧视性汇兑措施
四,判断 (1分/1题)
1.长期总成本包括长期固定成本和长期可变成本两部分
2.当净出口是收入的函数,净资本流出入是利率的函数,则国际收支均衡函数BP曲线向右上方倾斜.
3.在国际货物买卖中,当货物的风险转移给买方之后,卖方对货物与合同的不符概不承担责任
4.按<<关税与贸易总协定>>第6条的规定,”缔约国为了抵消和防止倾销,可以对倾销的产品征收数量不低于这一产品的倾销差额的反倾销税,”
5.自由贸易区通常之签定有自由贸易的国家所组成的经济贸易集团,在成员国之间逐步废除关税与数量限制,是区域内各成员国间的商品可以自由流动,但每个成员国不能保持对非成员国的贸易壁垒.
6.由于银行要扣除包装费,运费,保险费,利息损失等,外汇现钞买入价就高于外汇牌价的买入价.
7.卖方信贷下,贸易合同的付款条件是D/A
8.一国通货膨胀加重,本币对外币的汇率必然贬值
五,填空 (1分/1题)
1.等产量曲线的主要特征为____,____,_____.
2.财政政策的主要工具包括____,____,_____.
3.由于差价税是随着国内外价格的变动而变动,因此,它是一种______.
4.1995年1月1日欧洲联盟成员数量由___国扩大到___国.
六.回答问题(6分/题)
1.为什么传统的经济学认为市场机制本身解决不了环境污染问题?你认为采取什么政策可以解决?为什么?
2.已知某垄断厂商的需求函数为P=47-0.5Q,边际成本函数为MC=5+Q,问:该厂商的产品价格与销售数量应分别为多少才可以使其实现利润最大化?
七,分析下列案例(7分)
1.某企业按CFR条件从伦敦进口货物一批,已向中保财产保险有限公司投保了平安险(FPA).货物从伦敦装船后,因受恶劣天气袭击,部分货物遭受水渍损失.其后,载货船舶在运输中又曾发生触礁事故,但货物幸未受影响.
试分析上述货物在装运港伦敦装船以后,因恶劣天气所遭受的水渍损失能否向保险公司取得补偿.
八.回答问题(国贸专业答,20分)
1.叙述产业内贸易的特点与形成的原因
九.回答(金融专业答,20分)
1.我国某公司从日本进口机器设备一套,价值总额为1亿日元,经双方协商确定,我方可在美元和日元中任何一种货币作为计价货币,而支付货币为日元.已知:签约时汇价为1美元=100日元,付汇时汇价为1美元=80日元.
(1).我方最终选择日元作为计价货币是否合适?为什么? (3分)
(2).日元对美元时上浮还是下浮了? (2分)
(3).若用日元作为支付货币,多付了还是少付了多少日元? (3分)
2.某企业向某欧洲银行借款100,000美元,期限为3个月,年利率12%.
(1).该笔贷款的利息时先付还是后付,还是提用贷款后付? (2分)
(2).该笔贷款的利息时多少美元? (4分)
(3).该企业是按100,000美元还本还是按多少美元还本? (2分)
(4).该企业实际担负的利率是12%,还是多少? (4分)
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