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closet （因网站显示原因，本处音标从略）
［英汉双解］
［n.］① a small room or a cupboard built into the wall of a room from the floor to the ceiling壁橱，小间（尤指贮藏室）
［a.］ ②［仅用于名词前］ used to describe people who want to keep some fact about themselves secret隐藏（身份等）的，不公开（个人信息）的
［v.］ ［T］③ to shut sb in a room away from other people in order to be alone or to discuss sth private把…… 关在房间里（尤指为了私下会谈或避免他人打扰）
［短语搭配］
come out of the closet: to admit sth openly that you kept secret before公开承认秘密（尤指因耻辱或尴尬而一直保守着的秘密）
［外刊例句］
1①. Since many bags go out of fashion almost as quickly as new ones hit the shelves, many women are going to start needing a lot more closet space to dump their growing collection of unused bags.只要有新款手提包上架，许多旧的就会很快过时，因此，女人们将需要更大的壁橱空间来堆放那些数目不断增多的不用的包包。（2007 Businessweek）
2②. My mother was an English teacher and a closet poetry writer who passed down her love for reading and writing to me.我的母亲是一名英语教师及一位不公开身份的诗人，她把对阅读和写作的热爱传递给了我。（2005 Likesbooks）
3③. Often people have seemed to cultivate deliberately the impression that scientists are talented people who must closet themselves away from ordinary folk in order to discover Nature's secrets.人们似乎已经有意地形成一种看法：科学家们是一群天才，他们为了发现自然界的秘密，必须远离普通人把自己关起来做研究。（1999 Jstor）
4. The country has a relatively backward health-care system and a culture that makes it especially hard for many gay people to come out of the closet.这个国家有相对落后的医疗保健机制和使许多同性恋者很难公开承认自己秘密的文化。（2005 Businessweek）
conclude （因网站显示原因，本处音标从略）
［英汉双解］
［v.］ ① ［T,I］ to come to an end; to bring sth to an end（使）结束［+(sth) (with/by sth)］
② ［T］ to decide that sth is true after considering all the information one has推论出，下结论［+sth (from sth), +(from sth) that］
③ ［T］ to arrange an agreement with sb successfully达成，缔结（协定等）［+sth (with sb)］
［短语搭配］
jump/leap to conclusions/the conclusion that: to make a decision about sb/sth too quickly匆忙下结论，贸然断定
［词汇扩充］
Ⅰ conclusive a. 结论性的，令人确信的
Ⅱ inconclusive a. 非结论性的，无明确结果的
Ⅲ conclusion n. ［C］结尾，结果［in +］；［C］结论，推论［+that］；［U］缔结，签订
［真题例句］
1①. Concluding paragraphs demand equal attention because they leave the reader with a final impression.结尾段落也同样需要注意，因为它将给读者留下最后的印象。(2008阅读Part B）
2②. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age—say 83 or so.有些学者认为，资金有限的政府应该停止为维持超过一定年龄的生命的医疗支付费用——比如83岁左右。（2003阅读Text 4）
3Ⅰ. The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend. 问题在于，近年发生的生产力快速增长现象部分是由于商业周期到了这时候通常会出现的反弹造成的，因而它不是经济复苏已经是潜在趋势的确凿证据。（1998阅读Text 2）
［外刊例句］
1③. If the U.S. were to conclude a free trade agreement with Mexico, U.S. tomato growers would export to Mexico and put inefficient Mexican growers out of business.如果美国与墨西哥签署自由贸易协定，美国的西红柿种植者将向墨西哥出口，从而将墨西哥低效率的种植者淘汰。（2007 Businessweek）
2. If social psychology has taught us anything, it is that people will jump to conclusions based on however scanty information.如果说社会心理学教会了我们一些东西的话，那就是不管信息多么缺乏，人们都会在此基础上贸然下结论。（2003 Daily Mirror）
disclose （因网站显示原因，本处音标从略）
［英汉双解］
［v.］ ［T］ ① to show sth by removing the thing that covers it (把盖在某物上的东西去掉以)暴露，使显露［近reveal］
② to make sth publicly known, esp. after it has been kept secret透露，揭露，泄露［+sth (to sb)，+that/wh］［近reveal］
［词汇扩充］
Ⅰ disclosure n. ［U，C］揭露，透露，公开（的秘闻、事实等）
［真题例句］
1②. Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America, disclosed on June 17th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier...与此同时，17日披露的美国大约四千万信用卡帐户信息失窃案件使得前一日作出的重大决定黯然失色。（2007阅读Text 4）
［外刊例句］
1①. The curtains rose, disclosing a stage bathed in red light.帷幕升起，显露出笼罩在一片红光之中的舞台。（Dictionary）
enclose （因网站显示原因，本处音标从略）
［英汉双解］
［v.］ ［T］ ① to surround sth in order to make it separate (尤指用篱笆或围墙等)围起来，围住 ［+sth (in/with sth)］
② to put sth in the same envelope, parcel, etc. as sth else随信（或包裹等）附上，附入［+sth (with sth)］
［词汇扩充］
Ⅰ enclosed a. （用墙等）围住的，封闭的；随函附上的；（宗教团体）与外界隔绝的
Ⅱ enclosure n. ［U］圈地，圈起来；［C］ (用于特定目的的)圈占地，围场；［C］ (信中的)附件
［外刊例句］
1①. If you're searching through an online search engine such as Google, enclose the phrase with quotation marks, so that the engine would search for the phrase as it is, and not as scattered words that just happen to be on the same page.如果你利用谷歌这样的在线搜索引擎搜索，那么用引号将你要找的短语围住，这样搜索到的是这个短语，而不是恰好分散在网页上的这几个单词。（2008 Wikihow）
2②. Please return the completed form, enclosing a recent photograph.请将填好的表格寄回，并附上近照一张。（Dictionary）
exclude （因网站显示原因，本处音标从略）
［英汉双解］
［v.］ ［T］ ① to deliberately not include sb/sth in what you are doing or considering (故意)不包括，不考虑，把……排除在外［+sb/sth (from sth)］
② to not allow sb to take part in sth or to enter a place不准……参与，不准……进入，把……排斥在外［+sb/sth (from sth)］ ［近bar，count out，rule out，eliminate］
③ to decide that sth is not a possibility认为……不可能；排除……的可能性［反include］
［词汇扩充］
Ⅰ exluding prep. 不包括，除去
Ⅱ exclusion n. ［U，C］ 排斥，排除在外［+(of sb/sth) (from sth)］；［C］被排斥在外的人或事物
Ⅲ exclusionary a. 排斥（性）的，排除在外的
［真题例句］
1①. This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals—the average scientist, for one.这个定义将许多经常被称作知识分子的个人排除在外，比如说普通的科学家。（2006翻译）
2Ⅱ. While most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism as the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the exclusion of other faiths. 尽管多数领导人试图继续将天主教作为新国家的官方宗教，但是一部分领导人却试图改变这种排斥其他宗教信仰的局面。(2007知识运用)
［外刊例句］
1②. People feel excluded from science because of the jargon and the elite nature of it. Scientists have been largely disinterested in engaging the rest of the world in what they were doing.科学的专业性和优越性使得人们感觉被它排斥在外，而科学家们对于使外部世界参与到他们的工作中来也大多不感兴趣。（2001 Businessweek）
2③. One can only hope. The risks are great enough that any careful preparations can't exclude the possibility that things don't turn out as well as one hoped.人们只能抱着希望，因为风险太大了，大到无论多么仔细的准备也不能排除事情不按预期发展的可能性。（2003 Businessweek）
3Ⅰ. Excluding Japan, Asia is the second fastest-growing pharmaceutical market in the world, exceeded only by the smaller Latin American market.不包括日本在内，亚洲是世界上第二大增长最快的药品市场，只稍稍逊色于较小的拉美市场。（2007 Businessweek）
exclusive （因网站显示原因，本处音标从略）
［英汉双解］
［a.］ ① not including sb/sth除去的，不包括的［+of sb/sth］ ［反inclusive］
② not able to exist or be a true statement at the same time as sth else排斥的，排他的
③ available only to particular people, so that only they can have, do or use sth（个人或集体）专用的，独占的［近sole, single］
④ of a high quality and expensive and therefore not bought or used by many people高档的，豪华的
［n.］ ［C］⑤ an important or exciting story that is printed in only one newspaper or magazine独家新闻，独家报道，独家专文
［词汇扩充］
Ⅰ exclusively ad.仅仅；专门地，排除其他地
Ⅱ exclusiveness/exclusivity n.排他性，专有性；独特性
［真题例句］
1③. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging Internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions.这项裁决带来了商业方法专利归档记录的爆炸式增长，起初是新兴的网络公司试图对特定类型的在线交易占得独家权利。（2010阅读Text 2）
2Ⅰ. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A type stock. B's are important and should be encouraged.仅仅从A型人中挑选医生肯定是错误的。B型人也很重要，应该受到鼓励。（1995阅读Text 4）
［外刊例句］
1①. It is just that breastfeeding exclusive of other foods until a child is six months of age, the current medical recommendation, may not be warranted.现代医学建议的婴儿不足六个月之前只用母乳喂养，不用其他的食物的说法可能无法保证正确了。（2007 Economist）
2②. Despite the different approaches, their arguments aren't mutually exclusive. Both authors offer valuable ideas.尽管采用了不同的方法，但是他们的论点并不互相排斥。两个作者都提出了宝贵的想法。（2006 Businessweek）
3④. Motorola commit the double sin of letting a hot design grow stale and then allowing a product to descend from exclusive to commonplace by cutting the price.摩托罗拉公司犯下了双重错误：首先是让很酷的设计变得平庸，接着通过降价使高档产品沦为普通货。(2007 Businessweek)
4⑤. Public Radio's news programs in streaming formats, along with special reports, music and links to regular features. Some offerings, such as Web Only Music, are online exclusives.公共广播电台的新闻节目是以流媒体格式播放的，伴随着特别报道，音乐和固定栏目的链接。一些像“Web Only Music”的节目属于在线独家报道。(2001 USA Today)
include （因网站显示原因，本处音标从略）
［英汉双解］
［v.］ ［T］ ① ［不用于进行时］ to have sth/sb as one part of a group or set包括，包含［+sb/sth (as/in/on sth)］［反exclude］
［词汇扩充］
Ⅰ included a. ［用于名词后］包括……在内的
Ⅱ including prep. 包括
Ⅲ inclusion n. ［U］（被）包括，包含；［C］被包括的人或事物
［真题例句］
1①. Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology.社会科学学科包括地理学、经济学、政治科学、心理学和社会学。（2003翻译）
［外刊例句］
1Ⅲ. A substantial outdoor-education programme or a rural campus, became almost mandatory inclusions in the list of elite private school benefits.提供大量的户外教育项目或者一个乡村校园几乎成为优秀私立学校优点清单中必须包括的内容。（2000 Latrobe）
inclusive （因网站显示原因，本处音标从略）
［英汉双解］
［a.］ ① an inclusive price or cost includes everything包括（全部）费用的［+(of sth)］［反 exclusive］
② including the limits mentioned包括所提到的限度的［(from)... to... +］
③ including a wide range of people, things, ideas, etc.包容广阔的，范围广泛的［反 exclusive］
［外刊例句］
1①. The Indrail Pass is an “As You Like” travel ticket which allows passengers to travel wherever they want, within a specific time period, at an all-inclusive fare.这个被叫做“周游券”的旅游票使得乘客能够在特定的时间内，到任何自己想去的地方，而且所有的费用都包含在内。（2008 Train Enquiry）
2②. Under the present immigration law 357,803 immigrants are allowed to enter this country in any year and this results in a great rush each year during the months from July to November, inclusive—and especially at the beginning of these months. 在现行的移民法规定下，每年这个国家将允许357,803移民进入，这导致了每年从7月到11月（含），特别是在这几个月的月初出现大规模的移民潮。（1999 Time）
3③. The previous government drafted a law that was much more inclusive. It made damaging the environment a criminal act, and it would have required polluters to clean up damaged areas.上届政府起草了一项内容更广泛的法律。它把环境破坏定为一种犯罪行为，并将要求污染者清理干净被污染区。(2003 Businessweek)
preclude （因网站显示原因，本处音标从略）
［英汉双解］
［v.］① ［T］ to prevent sb/sth or make sth impossible阻止，防碍，使行不通，排除［+sth，+sb from doing sth］
［外刊例句］
1①. Competing against the iPod isn't easy—and rarely successful—but that doesn't preclude many companies from trying.同苹果公司的iPod 音乐播放器竞争不是一件容易的事，而且很少有人成功，但这并不能阻止许多公司去尝试。（2006 Businessweek）
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