趴趴兵营之同型词归类36

注：
活动内容：
a.填补一下相应单词的中文释义（有一词多义的其他词义也请给出），市场统一零售价5考元一个释义
b.每个单词下面的例句有兴趣有时间翻译的同学也可翻译一下方便他人，市场统一零售价10考元一个句子翻译
c.有任何想法烦请大家提出来，大家一起提高O(∩_∩)O
d.很多人反应说看不懂内容，其实这东西可能更多的就是每天复习几个单词，翻译几个句子，就这么简单……

本期词汇：
claim  •  argue  •  insist •  allege  •  contend  •  maintain  •  assert •  protest •  affirm
These words all mean to say that sth is true.

PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS
►  to claim/​argue/​insist/​allege/​contend/​maintain/​assert/​protest/​affirm  that…
►  It is  claimed/​argued/​alleged/​contended/​maintained/​asserted/​affirmed  that…
►  to insist on/​maintain/​assert/​protest/​profess  your innocence
►  to argue/​insist/​protest/​assert sth  strongly

claim [ T ]  
to state sth as a fact, but without giving proof
Scientists are  claiming  a major breakthrough in the fight against cancer.

argue [ I ,  T ]  
to give reasons why you think that sth is right or wrong, true or not true, especially to persuade people that you are right
She argued that they needed more time to finish the project.

insist [ I ,  T ]  
to say very firmly and often repeatedly that sth is true, especially when other people do not believe you
He  insisted on  his innocence.
►    insistence noun  [ U ]:  No one was convinced by her insistence that she was not to blame.

allege [ T ,  often passive ] ( formal )  
to claim sth, especially in the context of a legal dispute
The prosecution alleges (that) she was driving carelessly.

contend [ T ] ( formal )  
to say that sth is true, especially in an argument
I would contend that the prime minister's thinking is flawed on this point.

maintain [ T ] ( rather formal )  
to continue to say that sth is true, even though other people do not agree or do not believe it
The men maintained (that) they were out of the country when the crime was committed.

assert [ T ] ( formal )  
to state clearly and firmly that sth is true
She continued to assert that she was innocent.

protest [ T ]  
to say firmly that sth is true, especially when you have been accused of sth or when other people do not believe you
‘That's not what you said earlier!’ Jane protested.

affirm [ T ] ( formal )  
to state firmly or publicly that sth is true or that you support sth strongly
I can affirm that no one will lose their job.
NOTE   assert  or  affirm?    You  assert  sth when you want other people to believe and support you. You  affirm  sth in order to reassure people that it is true.

claim  
[kleim]
vt. 1 声称, 断言 2 (灾难等)使失踪或死亡 3 需要, 值得
vt. & vi. 对…提出要求, 索取
n. 1 主张, 断言 2 要求

argue  
[ˈɑ:ɡju:]
vt. & vi. 争吵, 辩论
vt. 1 坚决主张, 提出理由证明 2 说服, 劝说 3 表明
  
contend  
[kənˈtend]
vi. 1 争夺, 竞争 2 搏斗, 争斗
vt. 声称, 主张
  
insist  
[inˈsist]
vt. & vi. 1 坚决宣称, 坚持认为 2 坚决要求

allege  
[əˈledʒ]
vt. 断言, 宣称, 辩解
  
maintain  
[meinˈtein]
vt. 1 保持; 继续 2 保养, 维护 3 坚持; 主张 4 供给; 赡养

assert  
[əˈsə:t]
vt. 1 声称, 断言 2 维护, 坚持

protest  
[prəˈtest]
n. 抗议; 反对
vt. & vi. 声明; 抗议

affirm  
[əˈfə:m]
vt. & vi. 断言; 证实

Scientists are claiming a major breakthrough in the fight against cancer.
科学家们声称在对抗癌症方面取得了重大突破！

She argued that they needed more time to finish the project.
她劝说，他们需要更多的时间来完成该项目。

He insisted on his innocence.
他坚持自己是清白的。

The prosecution alleges (that) she was driving carelessly.
原告指控她不小心驾驶！

I would contend that the prime minister\'s thinking is flawed on this point.
我会争辩说，总理的想法是在这一点上有缺陷。

The men maintained (that) they were out of the country when the crime was committed.
这些人坚持说犯罪发生的时候他们在国外！

She continued to assert that she was innocent.
她仍然坚持她是无辜的。

‘That\'s not what you said earlier!’ Jane protested.
简抗议说：”那不是你之前所说的！“

I can affirm that no one will lose their job.
我可以肯定没有人会失去工作。

argue [ I , T ] 争吵，辩论
to give reasons why you think that sth is right or wrong, true or not true, especially to persuade people that you are right
对于为什么你认为某样事情是对的或错的，真的或不真的，特别是说服人们你是对的时候给出理由
She argued that they needed more time to finish the project.
她争辩说他们需要更多的时间来完成项目。
insist [ I , T ] 坚持
to say very firmly and often repeatedly that sth is true, especially when other people do not believe you
很肯定地说且经常重复地说事情是真的，特别是在其他人不相信你的时候说
He insisted on his innocence.
他坚持自己是清白无罪的。
►  insistence noun [ U ]: No one was convinced by her insistence that she was not to blame.
□坚持：名词：由于她的坚持，没有人相信她应该受到责备。（大家都认为不应该责备她）

claim [ T ] 宣称，表明。说。
to state sth as a fact, but without giving proof
Scientists are claiming a major breakthrough in the fight against cancer.
科学家们宣称在抗癌方面取得了重大突破。
argue [ I , T ] 争论，解释。
to give reasons why you think that sth is right or wrong, true or not true, especially to persuade people that you are right
She argued that they needed more time to finish the project.
她解释到他们需要更多的时间来完成这个项目。

insist [ I , T ] 坚持，坚称，
to say very firmly and often repeatedly that sth is true, especially when other people do not believe you
He insisted on his innocence.他坚持说他是无辜的。
►  insistence noun [ U ]: No one was convinced by her insistence that she was not to blame.
由于她的坚持，大家都认为她不应该受到惩罚。
allege [ T , often passive ] ( formal ) 宣称，断言。
to claim sth, especially in the context of a legal dispute
The prosecution alleges (that) she was driving carelessly.
原告断言她粗心驾驶。