趴趴兵营之同型词归类41

注：
活动内容：
a.填补一下相应单词的中文释义（有一词多义的其他词义也请给出），市场统一零售价5考元一个释义
b.每个单词下面的例句有兴趣有时间翻译的同学也可翻译一下方便他人，市场统一零售价10考元一个句子翻译
c.有任何想法烦请大家提出来，大家一起提高O(∩_∩)O
d.很多人反应说看不懂内容，其实这东西可能更多的就是每天复习几个单词，翻译几个句子，就这么简单……

本期词汇：
compensate  •  offset  •  counter  •  cancel (sth) out  •  make up for sth  •  counteract  •  balance
These words all mean to reduce or remove the effect of sth else.

PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS
►  to compensate/​counter/​counteract sth  with  sth
►  to compensate/​make up  for  sth
►  to compensate for/​offset/​counter/​cancel out/​counteract the  effect  of sth
►  to compensate for/​offset/​counter/​counteract a  problem
►  to counter/​counteract sb's  efforts
►  to counter/​counteract/​balance the  tendency  to do sth
►  to  partly/​partially  compensate for/​offset/​make up for/​counteract sth
►  to  more than  compensate for/​offset/​make up for/​balance sth

compensate [ I ,  T ] ( usually approving )  
to provide or do sth good to balance or reduce the bad effects of sth
State-of-the-art appliances may be expensive, but to  compensate  they will be more energy-efficient and last longer.
►    compensation noun  [ C ,  usually pl. ]:  I wish I were young again, but getting older has its compensations.

offset [ T ] ( rather formal ,  especially business )  
to use one cost, payment or situation to reduce or remove the effect of another
The cost of social benefits to immigrants is more than offset by their contribution to the economy generally.

counter [ T ]  
to do sth to reduce or prevent the bad effects of sth
The effects of job losses in manufacturing were countered by the creation of more jobs in the service industries.

cancel sth  out ,  cancel  out  phrasal verb ( sometimes disapproving )  
to have an equal but opposite effect to sth, so that the situation does not change; (of two things) to have an equal but opposite effect to each other
The advantages and disadvantages would appear to  cancel each other out .

make  up for sth  phrasal verb  ( rather informal ,  usually approving )  
to provide or do sth good that makes a bad situation better
The warm welcome we received more than made up for our horrendous journey there.
NOTE  compensate  or  make up for sth?   
Compensate  is more formal than  make up for sth  but can be used in a wider range of structures, with or without  for :  You should be able to eat more on this diet without having to  compensate  by going hungry.  ◇  You should be able to eat more on this diet without having to make up by going hungry. (wrong)

counteract / BrE  ;  AmE   / [ T ]  
to do sth to reduce or prevent the effects of sth, especially the bad effects of sth
By pausing for a moment or two before speaking you will simply be counteracting a nervous tendency to rush headlong into everything.
NOTE   counter  or  counteract?   
There is very little difference in meaning between these two words.  Counteract  is used especially to talk about reducing physical effects or feelings: collocates include  feelings  and  symptoms .

balance [ T ,  I ] ( usually approving )  
to be equal in value, amount or strength to sth else that has the opposite effect
His lack of experience was balanced by a willingness to learn.

compensate  
[ˈkɔmpenseit]
vt. & vi. 补偿, 报酬
  
offset  
[ˈɔfset]
vt. 抵消, 补偿

counter  
[ˈkauntə]
n. 1 柜台, 柜台式长桌 2 计数器
vt. & vi. 对抗, 反驳
adv. 反方向地, 对立地
  
cancel (sth)out  
(使)平衡〔抵消〕
   
make up for  
补偿, 弥补
  
counteract  
[ˌkauntəˈrækt]
vt. 对抗; 抵消

balance  
[ˈbæləns]
n. 1 平衡, 均衡 2 天平, 秤 3 结存, 结余, 余额
vt. & vi. 1 (使)平衡, (使)均衡 2 (使)相抵, (使)相等 3 权衡, 比较

State-of-the-art appliances may be expensive, but to compensate they will be more energy-efficient and last longer.
先进的设备也许会很贵，但他们会更有效率，使用寿命更长。

The cost of social benefits to immigrants is more than offset by their contribution to the economy generally.
对移民的社会福利成本超过他们了对经济的贡献。

The effects of job losses in manufacturing were countered by the creation of more jobs in the service industries.
制造业裁员的影响被服务行业创造的更多就业机会抵消了。

The advantages and disadvantages would appear to cancel each other out .
优点和缺点相互抵消。

The warm welcome we received more than made up for our horrendous journey there.
我们受到的热烈欢迎比我们在那的无聊的旅程了好多了。

By pausing for a moment or two before speaking you will simply be counteracting a nervous tendency to rush headlong into everything.
三思而后行，你就会抵消神经紧张性的不顾一切的做事的冲动。

His lack of experience was balanced by a willingness to learn.
他的经验缺乏被他的积极学习所弥补。

compensate [ I , T ] ( usually approving )
补偿，偿还，付报酬（通常地指满意的方面）
to provide or do sth good to balance or reduce the bad effects of sth
提供或做好某事至平衡或者减少事情的坏的影响。
State-of-the-art appliances may be expensive, but to compensate they will be more energy-efficient and last longer.
艺术层次的用具可以是非常昂贵的，但是作为补偿的是，他们更有效率而且使用寿命更长。
► compensation noun [ C , usually pl. ]: I wish I were young again, but getting older has its compensations.
□compensation 名词：我希望能够再次年轻，然而作为补偿的是变得更老
offset [ T ] ( rather formal , especially business )
弥补，抵消（不正式，特别是在企业方面）
to use one cost, payment or situation to reduce or remove the effect of another
使用一个成本，支付或位置，以减少或删除另外一个的影响
The cost of social benefits to immigrants is more than offset by their contribution to the economy generally.
就移民而言，一般地，他们的社会福利成本比他们对经济的贡献要大