趴趴兵营之同型词归类55

  

注：
活动内容：
a.填补一下相应单词的中文释义（有一词多义的其他词义也请给出），市场统一零售价5考元一个释义
b.每个单词下面的例句有兴趣有时间翻译的同学也可翻译一下方便他人，市场统一零售价10考元一个句子翻译
c.有任何想法烦请大家提出来，大家一起提高O(∩_∩)O
d.很多人反应说看不懂内容，其实这东西可能更多的就是每天复习几个单词，翻译几个句子，就这么简单……

本期词汇：
deliberate • intended • conscious • intentional • wilful • calculated • premeditated • purposeful
These words all describe an action which is done on purpose, is planned in advance or aims to achieve sth.

PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS

► a deliberate/​a conscious/​an intentional/​a wilful/​a calculated/​a premeditated/​a purposeful act
► a deliberate/​an intended/​a conscious/​an intentional/​a calculated/​a purposeful action
► deliberate/​conscious/​wilful neglect
► deliberate/​intentional/​wilful cruelty
► deliberate/​conscious/​calculated attempts/​manipulation


deliberate
done on purpose rather than by accident
They have a deliberate policy to involve people of all ages in the project.
OPP accidental
►  deliberately adv. : She was accused of deliberately misleading Parliament.OPP accidentally


intended [ only before noun ]
that you are trying to achieve or reach
The intended victims were selected because they seemed vulnerable.
OPP unintended

conscious (of actions or feelings) deliberate or controlled, with the person doing it being fully aware of what they are doing
She made a conscious decision to spend more time with her family. OPP unconscious , subconscious
►  consciously adv. : The station was consciously designed to be a focal point in the city centre. OPP unconsciously



intentional ( rather formal )
deliberate
It is difficult to prove whether their actions were negligent or intentional.
OPP unintentional
►  intentionally adv. : He'd never intentionally hurt anyone. OPP unintentionally


NOTE deliberate or intentional?
There is no real difference in meaning between these words, but intentional is less frequent and more formal and has a narrower range of collocates.

wilful ( especially BrE ) ( AmE usually willful ) [ usually before noun ] ( formal , disapproving or [strike][/strike]law )
(of a bad or harmful action) done on purpose, even though the person doing it knows that it is wrong
The report concluded that her death was a result of wilful neglect.
►  wilfully adv. : They were charged with wilfully neglecting their children.

calculated [ usually before noun ] carefully planned to get what you want
He took a calculated risk ( = a risk that you decide is worth taking even though you know it might have bad results ) . Calculated is often used to talk about sth a person does that deliberately causes harm to others.


premeditated ( often disapproving )
(of a crime or bad action) planned in advance
The killing had not been premeditated.
OPP unpremeditated
Unpremeditated crimes are not planned in advance.

purposeful
acting with a clear aim and with determination
It is only in the past 20 years that this data has been gathered in any purposeful way.
►  purposefully adv. : Edward strode purposefully towards the door.

deliberate  
[diˈlibəreit]
adj. 1 故意的, 蓄意的 2 慎重的, 深思熟虑的 3 不慌不忙的, 从容不迫的
vt. & vi. 1 仔细考虑 2 研讨, 商讨
  
intended  
[inˈtendid]
adj. 有意的,故意的,已经订婚的
n. 已经订婚者

conscious  
[ˈkɔnʃəs]
adj. 1 神志清醒的 2 知道的; 注意到的 3 自觉的; 蓄意的

intentional  

[inˈtenʃənl]
adj. 有意的, 故意的

wilful  
[ˈwilful]
adj. 1 (指坏事)故意做的, 特意的 2 (指人)任性的, 倔强的, 固执的
  
calculated  
[ˈkælkjuleitid]
adj. 计算出的,有计划的,适当的,适合的
  

premeditated  
[pri:ˈmediteitid]
adj. 预谋的, 预先策划的

purposeful  
[ˈpə:pəsful]
adj. (人或行为)有明确目标的; 果断的; 坚定的

They have a deliberate policy to involve people of all ages in the project.
他们有一个蓄意的政策，涉及了所有的人。

The intended victims were selected because they seemed vulnerable.
这些受害者被选中是因为他们看起来很脆弱。

She made a conscious decision to spend more time with her family.
她有意识地决定花更多时间陪她的家人。

It is difficult to prove whether their actions were negligent or intentional.
很难证明他们的行为事故意的还是无心的。

The report concluded that her death was a result of wilful neglect.
该报告的结论是，她的死是故意忽视的结果。

He took a calculated risk.
他冒一次有备之险。

The killing had not been premeditated.
这次谋杀不是有预谋的。

It is only in the past 20 years that this data has been gathered in any purposeful way.
在过去的20年里，这些数据被以任何有意义的方式收集。