一、信函类 1.信的基本类型 英文书信主要分为两大类:私人信函和公务信函。私人信函是指与朋友、家人之间的往来书信,其内容比较自由,只需要包括以下几个部分即可:日期、称呼、正文、落款。公务信函类型多样,应用范围非常广泛,属正式文体,包括求职信、辞职信、拒聘信、询问信、复询信、留学和奖学金申请信、投诉信、答复赔偿信等。此类信件的共同特点是:1.内容明确,不可漫无目标;2.措辞诚恳,坦然,不能感情夸张;3.语言清晰、简洁、有礼。从形式上看应该侧重考查公务信函,因为只有此类信函才需用到书面语的正式语体。 2.各类信函的内容要点 以下主要针对公务信函,介绍几种常见信函的基本特点。对于其他不同功能的信件,考生可以根据本书的介绍做到举一反三。在备考阶段,考生应熟悉各类信函的书写模式及常用话语并加强练习。 (1)求职信(Letters of Applying for a Job) 通常包含三个部分:a)引言部分写明写信原因、具体谋求的职位、获得申请信息的来源(如:报纸广告、熟人介绍)等。b)发展部分叙述自己能够胜任该职位所具备的条件,包括教育背景、工作经历、社会实践等。这部分内容要具体,不要空洞游说或者列举,用事实说服会更有力。C)结尾部分再次表达对职位的渴望,争取面试机会。如请求及时回信、希望当面洽谈、提供进一步接触的联系方式或指出附件中有相关的证明文件等。 求职信的语言应严谨、规范、得体。其常用套语教育学考研辅 导有: 引言:I am writing to apply for the post of... advertised in... In answer to your advertisement in... for the post of... , I would like to apply for... I have learned from... (sb) of your opening/vacancy for... (job), and am therefore writing to apply for the post. 发展:I am now a senior student in (Department) of (University), and I expect to graduate in (date) with a degree in (discipline). I receive my (degree) in (subject) from (name of university) in (date). Since graduation, I have been working with (name of company/organization) as (job title) I was awarded the prize of (title) in (month/year) for (eg. good performance in etc.) I am confident that my academic training has prepared me to handle the job. 结尾:Enclosed are testimonials from my university teacher and my present employer. If these meet your requirements, please grant me an interview. (2)辞职信(Letters of Resignation) 正式的辞职信应具备以下要素: a)受理者恰当的称呼; b)辞职决定及其理由(如:未受公司重用或尊重,健康、家庭或个人原因,另觅一份更适合自己的工作等); c)缓和气氛的语句,如对原单位所给予工作机会以及提供的工作经历表示感谢,对因自己辞职而给对方带来的不便表示歉意,表达对原单位的良好祝愿等等。 需要注意的是:避免负面评论。不论什么原因,不要对你的公司政策、老板、管理人员、同事做任何负面评价。 常用套语如下: 称呼:Dear Mr. Smith 辞职决定和理由: With regret, I am writing to inform you about my decision to resign from my current position. I hereby confirm in writing my resignation from ABC Company because of family reasons. 缓和语气的话:I would like to express my sincere gratitude and thanks for all the support that I have received over the last few weeks, and for the enjoyable experience of having worked for your company. I hope you will consider my request, and I apologize for any inconveniences I might have caused. I wish all of you a prosperous future (3)留学和奖学金申请信(Letters of Applying for Admittance and Scholarship) 申请者是通过申请信争取继续学习和获得奖学金的机会,而申请学校负责人则是通过该信决定其是否具有这样的机会。因此这封信需要尽可能得表现写信人所具有的优势,比如个人性格优点,学业工作成绩等等。信的内容通常涉及: a) 申请该学校/奖学金的原因; b) 使你对某个专业产生兴趣的学术背景和训练; c) 工作经验; d) 能证明你潜能的研究; e) 未来职业计划。 如果对方学校有要求,还应附上“个人简历”、学习成绩、研究成果的摘要等。 虽然申请信需要表现自己去争取机会,但其语言不应过于夸张,避免使用像excellent,remarkable,wonderful,great之类的形容词吹捧申请的学校或夸耀自己,而应自然而平实。其常用套语有: I am a student in... , expecting to graduate with a Bachelor’s degree this summer. I am interested in... and plan to apply for admission for (time). I am writing in the hope that I may obtain an opportunity to further my study in... I should be pleased to forward my credentials, such as references, transcripts and photocopies of IELTS scores. (4)询问信(Letters of Inquiry) 询问信是请求对方提供需要信息的信件。可分三大部分:引言部分自我介绍并讲明询问目的。发展部分是询问的主要内容,如果包括多个方面,为了让对方一目了然,也便于回答,在内容的安排上应简明扼要,可以用数字列出具体问题大学考研,如first, second, third或1、2、3。结尾部分真诚地感谢对方。 由于询问有可能给对方带来麻烦,所以措辞要谦虚、诚恳。其常用套语有: 引言:As a student at... university, I am preparing for... Your answers to the questions below would help me... As we are particularly interested in... , we should be grateful if you would kindly... 发展:Could you please send me the relevant information and application form? 结尾:Your answer will contribute to my project. I would appreciate receiving your answer by... ( time ). (5)投诉信 投投诉信是因为对服务、商品等不满而向诸如商店、厂家、消费者协会等相关负责机构写的信件。写此类信件时候,应注意写信的目的不仅仅是表示不满,更重要的是让对方了解并解决你所遇到的问题。因此投诉信的内容可包括: 1)反映问题。比如应具体说明什么质量问题,并提供确切的发票,问题的内容要明确而具体。 2)说明由此问题所带来的不便、比如时间或精神上的损失等,内容要实事求是。 3)提出解决方案,赔偿方法和方式等,所提出的要求要合理。 4)结尾既要提出希望,比如要求对方尽快解决问题,同时又要为对方做出的努力表示感谢,这样对方才可能以积极的态度处理并解决你的问题。 投诉信的语气要坚决,但注意礼貌用词,不宜过分尖锐,叙述问题时用过去时态。其常用套语有: 引言:I am returning... which I bought from your store in... (time). I must complain about... 发展:This has put us to great inconvenience. Therefore, I am returning... and would greatly appreciate if you could replace it. 结尾:We hope that you will understand our expectation of the compensation for our damaged goods. I would be grateful if this matter would have your immediate attention. Having been given your excellent reputation, I am sure you will do everything possible to... (
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