趴趴兵营之同型词归类58

注：
活动内容：
a.填补一下相应单词的中文释义（有一词多义的其他词义也请给出），市场统一零售价5考元一个释义
b.每个单词下面的例句有兴趣有时间翻译的同学也可翻译一下方便他人，市场统一零售价10考元一个句子翻译
c.有任何想法烦请大家提出来，大家一起提高O(∩_∩)O
d.很多人反应说看不懂内容，其实这东西可能更多的就是每天复习几个单词，翻译几个句子，就这么简单……

本期词汇：
desire • need • wish • temptation • urge • impulse • inclination • whim • want • compulsion
These are all words for a feeling, especially a strong one, that you would like to have or do sth.

PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS

► a desire/​a need/​a wish/​an urge/​an inclination for sth
► the desire/​need/​wish/​temptation/​urge/​impulse/​inclination/​compulsion to do sth
► a strong desire/​need/​wish/​temptation/​urge/​impulse/​inclination
► an overwhelming desire/​need/​temptation/​urge/​impulse
► an irresistible desire/​temptation/​urge/​impulse
► a natural desire/​wish/​temptation/​urge/​impulse/​inclination
► a sudden desire/​need/​urge/​impulse/​inclination/​whim
► sexual desires/​needs/​urges/​impulses/​inclinations
► to have a desire/​a need/​a wish/​a temptation/​an urge/​an impulse/​an inclination/​wants/​a compulsion
► to feel a desire/​a need/​a temptation/​an urge/​an impulse/​an inclination/​a compulsion
► to express/​make known a desire/​need/​wish
► to satisfy a desire/​a need/​an urge/​impulse/​sb's whims/​sb's wants
► to pander to sb's wishes/​whims/​wants
► to resist/​fight a desire/​a temptation/​an urge/​an impulse


desire [ C , U ] ( rather formal , especially written )
a feeling that you want to have or do sth
( formal ) I have no desire ( = I do not want ) to discuss the matter further.

need [ C , U ] a strong feeling that you want or must have or do sth
It can be difficult to express our needs and desires . NOTE desire or need?
A need is usually stronger than a desire : it is usually sth which you feel you must have, not just sth that you would like; when it is used in negative sentences, however, it can mean sth that you don't want: She had no more need of me ( = did not want me any more ) .


wish [ C ] ( especially written )
a feeling that you want to have or do sth
His dearest wish ( = what he wants most of all ) is to see his grandchildren again.
NOTE desire or wish? When it is used alone, desire only suggests a slightly stronger feeling than wish . However, desire is often used with adjectives such as deep, great, urgent, burning, insatiable and overwhelming , expressing a much stronger feeling; wish is not often used with these adjectives.

temptation [ C , U ]
the desire to do or have sth that you know is bad or wrong
Don't put temptation in her way by offering her a cigarette.

urge [ C ] a strong feeling that you must do sth, especially one that is hard to control or hard to understand
Freud claimed that this behaviour was caused by the repression of sexual urges. NOTE need or urge? Both these words often describe feelings that seem to come from the body rather than the mind: a/an biological/instinctive/primitive need/urge ◇ sexual needs/urges . However, needs are usually feelings that are shared by a lot of people and are easy to understand and accept; an urge may be less easy to understand and sth that you try to prevent yourself from doing or expressing: She felt a violent urge to laugh, but suppressed it, with difficulty.


impulse [ C , usually sing. , U ]
a sudden strong desire to do sth, without stopping to think about the results
The door was open and on an impulse she went inside.

inclination [ U , C ] ( rather formal ) a feeling that makes you want to do sth
She had neither the time nor the inclination to help them.
An inclination may not be a very strong feeling: people act according to their inclinations when there is no stronger force to work against them. When people lack any inclination to do sth, it shows that they do not want to do it at all.


whim [ C ] ( often disapproving ) a sudden desire to do or have sth, especially when it is sth unusual or unnecessary
He was forced to pander to her every whim . ◇ We bought the house on a whim . ◇ She hires and fires people at whim ( = as and when she wants to, without good reason ) . My duties seem to change daily at the whim of the boss.


want [ C , usually pl. ]
something that you want
She spent her life pandering to the wants of her children.
In this meaning, wants is usually used in a possessive phrase such as my/your/his/her/our/their/the customers' wants or the wants of sb .

compulsion ( rather formal , written ) a strong desire to do sth that you cannot easily control, especially sth that is wrong, silly or dangerous
Obsessions and compulsions often develop in people who live stressful lives.

desire  
[diˈzaiə]
vt. 1 希望, 渴望 2 要求, 请求
n. 愿望, 欲望, 心愿

need  
[ni:d]
vt. 需要; 必须
aux.v. 必须
n. 1 需要, 需求 2 责任, 必要 3 需要的东西 4 贫穷; 困窘
  
wish  
[wiʃ]
vt. & vi. 〈正〉希望; 想要; 但愿
vt. 祝愿
n. 1 渴望, 希望, 盼望, 愿望 2 希望的事, 想要的东西 3 许愿, 祈祷, 祈求

temptation  
[tempˈteiʃən]
n. 1 诱惑, 引诱 2 诱惑物

urge  
[ə:dʒ]
vt. 1 力劝; 敦促 2 鼓励; 极力主张 3 驱策, 促使
n. 强烈的愿望

impulse  
[ˈimpʌls]
n. 1 凭冲动行事, 突如其来的念头 2 推动, 冲力, 刺激, 推动力
  
inclination  
[ˌɪnkliˈneiʃən]
n. 1 爱好, 癖好, 意向 2 倾向, 趋向, 趋势 3 倾斜, 弯腰, 曲身, 点头 4 斜坡, 斜面
  
whim  
[hwim]
n. 一时的兴致, 突然的念头, 突发奇想, 异想天开
  
want  
[wɔnt]
vt. 1 打算, 希望 2 应该
vt. & vi. 想, 要, 需要
n. 1 缺乏, 不足 2 需要的东西, 想往的东西

compulsion  
[kəmˈpʌlʃən]
n. 1 强迫, 被迫 2 欲望, 冲动, 要求

I have no desire to discuss the matter further.
我不希望再讨论此事。

It can be difficult to express our needs and desires .
很难以表达我们的需要和愿望。

His dearest wish ( = what he wants most of all ) is to see his grandchildren again.
他最大的愿望就是再见奶奶一面。

Don't put temptation in her way by offering her a cigarette.
不要用烟诱惑她。

Freud claimed that this behaviour was caused by the repression of sexual urges.
弗洛伊德宣称这种行为是由性压抑造成的。

The door was open and on an impulse she went inside.
门是开着的，她一冲动就进去了。

She had neither the time nor the inclination to help them.
她既没时间又没倾向帮助他们。

He was forced to pander to her every whim .
他被迫迎合她的每一个奇思妙想。

She spent her life pandering to the wants of her children.
她一生都在迎合她的孩子们的需求。

Obsessions and compulsions often develop in people who live stressful lives.
困扰和强迫经常存在于那些生活在压力之下的人们。

need [ C , U ] 需要，需求
a strong feeling that you want or must have or do sth

你想要或必须有或做某事的强烈感觉

It can be difficult to express our needs and desires . N

表达我们的需求与愿望是非常困难的。

desire or need? 愿望与需求的差别
A need is usually stronger than a desire :

need通常比desire更强烈：

it is usually sth which you feel you must have, not just sth that you would like;

通常这是你觉得你必须有的事情，不仅仅是你将喜欢的事情；

when it is used in negative sentences, however, it can mean sth that you don't want:

need常常用于否定句中，然而，它也意味着你不想要的事情

She had no more need of me ( = did not want me any more ) .

她对我没有更多的需求（不想要我任何东西）。

wish [ C ] ( especially written ) 希望，愿望（特别地在书面英语中）
a feeling that you want to have or do sth

你想要有或做某事的感觉

His dearest wish ( = what he wants most of all ) is to see his grandchildren again.

他的最大愿望（=他所有愿望中最想要的）是再次看看他的孙子。

desire or wish?

desire与wish的异同？

When it is used alone, desire only suggests a slightly stronger feeling than wish .

当desire单独使用的时候，它仅仅是比wish稍微更强烈一些的感觉。

However, desire is often used with adjectives such as deep, great, urgent, burning, insatiable and overwhelming , expressing a much stronger feeling;

然而，desire经常与下面一些形容词连用，例如：深奥的，伟大的，紧急的，强烈的，不知足的，不可抵抗的，表达一种更强烈的感觉；

wish is not often used with these adjectives.

wish较少与那些形容词连用。