①【常见开篇句】
1) With the rapid improvement in.../growing awareness of..., more and more.../sth....
(e.g. With the considerable improvement in building industry, more and more structures are being erected to set the people's minds at ease.)
2) Recently, sth./the problem of...has been brought to popular attention/ has become the focus of public concern. A
(e.g. Recently, the problem of unemployment has been brought to such popular attention that governments at all levels place it on the agenda as the first matter.)
3) One of the universal issues we are faced with/that cause increasing concern is that...
(e.g. One of the universal issues that draw (cause) growing concern is whether it is wise of man to have invented the automobile.)
4) In the past few years, there has been a boom/sharp growth/decline in.. .
(e.g. In the past ten years, there has been a sharp decline in the number of species.) 5) Nowadays, 5）5) more/most important/dangerous for our society is...
(e.g. Nowadays, most dangerous for our society is the tendency to take advantage of each other in political circles.)
②【常见段首句】
1) According to/In the opinion(eye) of/From the viewpoint of some (those) people, the issue in question is...
(e.g. In the opinion of some old people, traditional modes of thought are the touchstone by which to tell good from bad.)
2) Hit (Confronted/Faced/Seized/Stuck/Haunted/Cursed/Overcome/Infatuated) with..., some people tend to...
(e.g. Haunted with sad memories, some people are apt to take a gloomy view on life.)
3) In (the) event (face/case/course/time/view) of..., some people usually ...
(e.g. In the course of human struggle for survival, quite a few people always direct their eyes to its dark side.)
4) As is stated (shown/suggested/listed/illustrated) in.../According to a recent (the latest) report (survey/quetionaire/study/scientific research), the issue in question really...(there are quite a lot of people who...)
(e.g. As is shown in a recent questionaire, there are a large number of people who express greater dissatisfaction than satisfaction at the general mood of society.)
5) In our daily life (activities/social contact)/In reality/Actually, man y people respond/react to the issue in question by...
③【常见段首句和过渡句】
1) Some (people) argue/claim/believe/hold that... But others set (put) forth a different argument about/oppositive views on the matter in question.
(e.g. Some claim that setting off firecrackers is a good practice of celebrating the Spring Festival. ...But others put forth opposite views on the problem. )
2) Some (people) advocate/endorse/favor/are for (或oppose/object to/are against)... Yet others stick to/hold on to/cling to the opposite views/argument/points.
(e.g. Some advocate changes intended to modernize the building code. ...Yet others hold on to the opposite views.)
3) To some people's mind/From some people's point of view/In the eye(s) o f some people, the matter in question is/seems/should be/means...But to others' mind/from others' point of view/in others' eyes, it is just/quite the other way around/contrary/opposite(或the opposite/reverse is the case/true.)
(e.g. To some people's mind, reading should be done in a selective way. ...But to others', it is just the other way around.)
4) Some (people) respond/react to...by...But others behave/act in the other direction/in the opposite way.
(e.g. Some people respond to failure by remaining inactive or avoiding it...But others behave in the opposite way.)
5) Some take the view that...And/But on the other hand, others argue for the opposite view that...
(e.g. Some are of the view that institutions mould characters. ...And on the other hand, others argue for the opposite view that characters transform institutions.)
④【常见让步法段首句和过渡句】
1) It is true/There is no need to deny that...But it does not mean... (e.g. There is no need to deny that recreational services have added variety to our social life. ...But it does not mean leaving them to take their own courses.)
2) Although it is widely believed that..., it can not stand close/cold scrutiny/analysis/examination.
3) Admittedly/True/Obviously/Indeed, the issue in question. ... But one basic/vital fact is being left out of our analysis/consideration, namely/that is,... (e.g. Admittedly, the official figures and statistics show that much improvement has been made in people's living standards. ... But one vital fact is being left out of our analysis, namely a growing gap between the rich and the poor. )⑥【常见中心意思句】
1) From sth./what one has done, he can derive profits (will well deserve punishments) as follows.
(e.g. From his great inventions in many fields, man has well deserved punishments as follows.)
2) Sth., if made the best/the worst of, will bring some distinct advantages/disadvantages to our social development/one's growth.
(e.g. Stock markets, if made the best of, will bring some advantages to our social construction.)
3) Sth. is expected to do a lot of benefit/threat/harm to sb./sth. else. (e.g. Cloning, as a new-born thing, is expected to do a lot of benefit to the human progress.)
4) (Doing) sth. will enrich/endanger/influence one's life in more than one aspect.
(e.g. Having one's head in the clouds sometimes can enrich a good teacher's teaching in more than one aspect.)
5) Some good/bad/unexpected effects come of what we have done/sth. done in...(e.g. Some good effects will certainly come of the efforts we have mad e in birth control.)
4) Those in favor of the issue in question argue/contend/hold/maintain/claim that...But what they fail to consider/analyze/see/find out is that...
(e.g. Those in favor of euthanasia contend that its practice can benefit both the patient and his family. ...But what they fail to consider is that euthanasia may be taken advantage of for some evil or hidden purposes.)
5) Superficially/On the surface/At first glance(thought)/In appearance, the issue in question seems...But in fact(on second thoughts/on close examination/in substance),...
考研作文复习笔录
写作课的学习方法：
八字方针：背诵
五背原则——精彩词汇(文章中的)；精彩句型；文章里精彩的句子；万能的框架；经典范文
默写（reading makes a full man writing makes an exact man）可以查出一些细小的错误，而这是判卷老师最不可忍受的地方。
互译
把精彩的文章翻成中文，过一段时间再复原成英文
描红
既是模仿，仿效，通过这四个环节最终产生高分作文
我们的原则是：坚持一种写法，一写到底，把复杂的问题简单化，一看到就不自觉的想这样写。
写作的三个阶段：牢记、效仿、持之以恒
№一、考生写作的困境及其对策
１、滔滔不绝意识流
中文的特点：情感分段；作者想到哪说的哪，观点由读者领会，听弦外之音，语言含蓄而隐晦
英文的特点：逻辑分段；思维严谨，观点由作者交待，是什么就是什么，比较直接，直来直去
要学会运用英文的思维。
“猴子原则”（只要香蕉）：the monkey principle
——提纲原则，提纲要你干么你就要干么，只写最需要的，注重命题的提纲
还要量化：２００个字，即１２（最好状态）－１５（基础不太好的人）句话。
２、无话可说真难受
９１－９６年的情况：（标题＋提纲），社会性的问题， 联系生活实际情况，从身边的方方面面中找到话题。
３、真情流露没必要 只需要“相关”，只要大方向相同就可以了，不要想的太远
考作文不是考的人的思想，而是制造一个机会使你展示自己的书面表达英语的能力，应该把内容方面的构思时间降低到最低限度，而花时间在推敲每一个句子，每一个表达上。
４、英语表达憋得慌
达到１２分：安全第一：句子结构，语法 简单原则：词汇，在点缀一些包装性的结构
达到１７分以上：（是有得20分的可能性的），要求词汇多变：多使用同义词、近义词，别重复用词；句子结构多变：一定要有复杂的句子结构
得分太低的原因是树干出了问题：谓语部分、核心部分有刺眼的错误：
１主谓一致２动词时态３定冠词和不定冠词４名词单复数５介词、副词的搭配；６拼写错误
不高的原因是树枝的问题：状语从句、定语从句、非谓语从句等
绿叶：各种修饰 对每一个句子，从写作的角度，从这三个层次上用心体会每一个句子
高分的特点：有树干，树干没有被虫咬过，即便是被虫咬，也只是个别地方有刺眼的错误，然后还有树枝，树枝还比较多，还有绿叶的衬托（比如动词和副词的修饰，搭配，effective measures等等），这样就比较精彩了。
所以我们要对每一个精彩的句子都要从这三个方面考虑分析。
５、处于被动危害大：写作应是主动的，避免不利于自己的词和句，
别去说自己说不清楚的东西，不去写自己没有把握的东西，不要把自己搞得很被动。
希望大家从错误中提高自己。在35分钟内写完２００１年作文题（五大经典题型中的一种）
汪海涛----- ※写作10大问题及策略
▲1 –作文框架结构问题：
错误做法：1）自由分段
2）语言杂乱
策略：法制化—controlled writing 必须按三点提纲
第一段描述现状—不要进入原因分析，
第二段分析原因，不要进入建议措施。
第三段，建议段。
字数控制：第一段3-4句，第二段7-8topic sentence，第三段5-6句topic sentence。200字文章，13-18句，分3
▲2-作文的内容设计问题：
考试在写作内容上分为热点话题和永恒话题。
1）
小型具体话题—不可能出
2）
大型宏观话题：题目general 不是specific,任何时代人都在讨论的，不因时间而消失。
3模拟话题。 Themes:成功，诚信，团结，和平，环境，住房，交通，就业，教育，网络。
4）
高谈阔论，即兴思维法。
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[ 本帖最后由 softwere508 于 2007-8-29 08:35 AM 编辑 ] |
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