冲刺班笔记:
2003年英译汉试题
Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segmentssintosChinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity. 61) Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.
\"Anthropology\" derives from the Greek words anthropos \"human\" and logos \"the study of.\" By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.
Anthropology is one of the social sciences. 62) Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.
Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.
All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis. 63) The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.
Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor\'s formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science. 64) Tylor defined culture as \"... that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.\" This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tyler\'s definition is the concept that culture is learned, shared, and patterned behavior.
65) Thus, the anthropological concept of \"culture,\" like the concept of \"set\" in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.
61) Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.
第一个考点:in which如何去译
第二个考点:subject…如何去译
furthermore:表示递进关系,可译成此外、甚至、更进一步来说、并且、不仅仅如此等。不可译成确切地说、不久的将来。
modify:修改,修饰,改变。
定语从句的三种基本翻译思路:
1、前置
2、独立成句
3、翻成状语从句
句子翻译:此外,人类有能力去改变自身居住的环境。
thus:表示因果的副词,因此。
subject…to:使……服从于……
subject A to B:使A服从于B(重点记忆)
peculiar:奇特的,独特的。
idea:观点,看法,想法,理念
fancy:幻想,想象,同义词fantasy
final fantasy:最终幻想、fantasy强调想象的事物。
句子翻译:因此就使得所有其他的生命形式都服从于她们自己这种奇特的想法和想象。
整句翻译:此外,人类有能力改变自身居住的环境,因此就因此就使得所有其他的生命形式都服从于她们自己这种奇特的想法和想象。
62) Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.
第一分句:
Social science:社会科学
branch:分支,此外指一个机构的分支
intellectual:知识的
intellectuals:知识分子
enquiry:(inquiry)探索、探求
that:此处不是引导句子的引导词,是一个强调词,功能像the。
of结构:有两种修饰关系。
1、of前面的名词与of本身构成固定搭配,该固定搭配修饰的核心词是后面那个名词。如a number of people
2、of前面的名词与of本身不构成固定搭配,则由后面那个名词修饰前面那个名词。如a man of importance
branch of intellectual enquiry:知识探索的分支
句子翻译:社会科学就是知识探索的一个分支。
此处定语从句的翻译要从整个句子分割出来,作为一个单独的句子来翻。
seek to do sth.:试图做某事,企图做某事
endeavor:人的各种各样的努力(行为,活动)
定语从句翻译:自然科学家用来研究自然现象的方法。
reasoned:理性的
orderly:有序的
systematic:系统的
passion:激情
dispassioned:消除激情-冷静的
翻译:用的是自然科学家用来研究自然现象的那种理性、有序、系统而又冷静的方法。
which引导的定语从句翻译时不能放到enquity前面。
定语从句翻译时无法确定其主语时,可用一个代词来指代。
整句翻译:社会科学是知识探索的一个分支,它试图以自然科学家用来研究自然现象的那种理性、有序、系统而又冷静的方法来研究人和人的各种行为。
63) The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.
找动词:
makes的主语只能是以下四种:单数名词、短语、不定式(动名词)、句子。
makes的主语是一个句子,combine是该句子的谓语动词。
emphasis:强调
data:资料,数据
first-hand:第一手的
second-hand:第二手的
data gathered first-hand:第一手收集到的资料
句子翻译:对于第一手收集到的资料的强调
combined with:和……一起,和……相结合
cross:超越
cross-cultural:跨文化的
perspective:视角
cultures past and present:过去和现在的种种文化
brought to:带来,用来,用于
distinctly:非常明显的
distinctly important:极其重要,十分重要
unique:独特的,唯一的
unique和only的区别:
only表示在没有别的选择的情况下只剩下这个,表示这样的唯一;
unique表示在还有很多选择的情况,由于某物是独一无二的,所以是唯一的。
此处distinctly必须翻译出来,否则会扣分
此外combined with也必须翻译出来
gathered first-hand必须译成前置定语
brought to 引导的是一个定语来修饰perspective
整句翻译:对于第一手收集资料的强调,连同在分析过去和现在的文化时所使用的跨文化视角,使得这种研究成为了一个独特而又极其重要的社会科学。 |