海文考研英语一级掌握度词汇5

考研英语一级掌握度词汇
Core Words of Fundamental Mastery for Postgraduate Entrance Examination

torture - v. to cause severe pain; n. the act of causing severe pain in order to harm, to punish or to get information from  
total - n. the complete amount  
touch - v. to put the hand or fingers on  
toward - prep. in the direction of; leading to  
town - n. a center where people live, larger than a village but not as large as a city  
trade - v. to buy and sell or exchange products or services; n. the activity of buying, selling or exchanging products or services  
tradition - n. a ceremony, activity or belief that has existed for a long time  
traffic - n. the movement of people, vehicles or ships along a street, road or waterway  
tragic - ad. extremely sad; terrible  
train - v. to teach or learn how to do something; to prepare for an activity; n. an engine and the cars connected to it that move along a railroad  
transport - v. to move goods or people from one place to another  
transportation - n. the act or business of moving goods or people  
trap - v. to catch or be caught by being tricked; to be unable to move or escape; n. a device used to catch animals
travel - v. to go from one place to another, usually for a long distance  
treason - n. the act of fighting against one's own country or of helping its enemies  
treasure - n. a large collection of money, jewels or other things of great value  
treat - v. to deal with; to act toward in a special way; to try to cure
treatment - n. the act of treating; the use of medicine to try to cure or make better  
treaty - n. a written agreement between two or more nations  
tree - n. a very tall plant that is mostly wood, except for its leaves  
trial - n. an examination in a court of a question or dispute to decide if a charge is true  
tribe - n. a group of families ruled by a common chief or leader  
trick - v. to cheat; to fool a person so as to get something or make him or her do something  
trip - n. a movement from one place to another, usually a long distance  
troops - n. a number of soldiers in a large controlled group  
trouble - n. that which causes concern, fear, difficulty or problems  
truce - n. a temporary halt in fighting agreed to by all sides involved  
truck - n. a heavy vehicle used to carry goods  
true - ad. correct; not false  
trust - v. to believe that someone is honest and will not cause harm  
try - v. to make an effort; to take court action against a person to decide if he or she is guilty or innocent of a crime
tube - n. a long, round structure through which liquids or gases can flow; a long, thin container in which they can be kept  
turn - v. to change direction; to move into a different position; to change color, form or shape
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U
understand - v. to know what is meant; to have knowledge of  
unite - v. to join together  
universe - n. all of space, including planets and stars  
university - n. a place of education that usually includes several colleges and research organizations  
unless - conj. except if it happens; on condition that ("I will not go, unless the rain stops.")  
until - conj. up to a time; before  
up - ad. to, in or at a higher position or value  
urge - v. to advise strongly; to make a great effort to get someone to do something  
urgent - ad. needing an immediate decision or action  
us - pro. the form of the word "we" used after a preposition ("He said he would write to us.") or used as an object of a verb ("They saw us yesterday.")  
use - v. to employ for a purpose; to put into action  
usual - ad. as is normal or common; as is most often done, seen or heard
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V
value - n. the quality of being useful, important or desired; the amount of money that could be received if something is sold  
vegetable - n. a plant grown for food  
vehicle - n. anything on or in which a person or thing can travel or be transported, especially anything on wheels; a car or truck  
version - n. the form of something with different details than earlier or later forms  
very - ad. extremely ("He was very late.")  
veto - v. to reject or refuse to approve  
vicious - ad. bad; dangerous; showing harm or hate  
victim - n. someone or something that is injured, killed or made to suffer; someone who is tricked  
victory - n. a success in a fight or competition  
village - n. a very small town  
violate - v. to fail to obey or honor; to break (an agreement)  
violence - n. the use of force to cause injury, death or damage  
visit - v. to go to or come to a place for a short time for friendly or business reasons  
voice - n. the sound made by creatures, especially humans, for speaking  
volcano - n. a hill or mountain around a hole in the earth's surface that can explode, sending hot, melted rock and ash into the air  
vote - v. to choose a candidate in an election; n. a choice or decision expressed by the voice, by hand or by writing
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W
wait - v. to delay acting; to postpone  
walk - v. to move by putting one foot in front of the other  
wall - n. the side of a room or building formed by wood, stone or other material; a structure sometimes used to separate areas of land  
want - v. to desire; to wish for; to need  
war - n. fighting between nations, or groups in a nation, using weapons  
warm - ad. almost hot; having or feeling some heat  
warn - v. to tell of possible danger; to advise or inform about something bad that may happen  
wash - v. to make clean, usually with water  
waste - v. to spend or use without need or care; to make bad use of; n. a spending of money, time or effort with no value gained or returned; something thrown away as having no value; the liquid and solid substances that result from body processes and are passed out of the body  
watch - v. to look at; to observe closely; to look and wait for  
water - n. the liquid that falls from the sky as rain or is found in lakes, rivers and oceans  
wave - v. to move or cause to move one way and the other, as a flag in the wind; to signal by moving the hand one way and the other; n. a large mass of water that forms and moves on the surface of a lake or ocean  
way - n. a path on land or sea or in the air; how something is done; method  
we - pro. two or more people, including the speaker or writer ("He and I will go together, and we will return together.")  
weak - ad. having little power; easily broken, damaged or destroyed; opposite strong  
wealth - n. a large amount of possessions, money or other things of value  
weapon - n. anything used to cause injury or to kill during an attack, fight or war  
wear - v. to have on the body, as clothes  
weather - n. the condition of the atmosphere resulting from sun, wind, rain, heat or cold  
week - n. a period of time equal to seven days  
weigh - v. to measure how heavy someone or something is  
welcome - v. to express happiness or pleasure when someone arrives or something develops  
well - ad. in a way that is good or pleasing; in good health; n. a hole in the ground where water, gas or oil can be found  
west - n. the direction in which the sun goes down  
wet - ad. covered with water or other liquid; not dry  
what - pro. used to ask about something or to ask for information about something ("What is this?"); ad. which kind ("He wants to know what you would like to drink.")  
wheat - n. a grain used to make bread; the plant that produces the grain  
wheel - n. a round structure that turns around a center  
when - ad. at what time; at any time ("When will she come home?"); conj. during or at the time ("I studied hard when I was in school.")  
where - ad., conj. at, to or in what place ("Where is his house?" "The house where he lives is in the old part of the city.")  
which - pro. used to ask about what one or what ones of a group of things or people ("Which program do you like best?" "Which students will take the test?")  
while - n. a space of time ("Please come to my house for a while."); conj. at or during the same time ("It may not be a good idea to eat while you are running.")  
white - ad. having the color like that of milk or snow  
who - pro. what or which person or persons that ("Who wants to go?"); the person or persons ("They are the ones who want to go.")  
whole - ad. the complete amount; all together; not divided; not cut into pieces  
why - ad. for what cause or reason ("Why did she do it?"); conj. the reason for which ("I do not know why she did it.")  
wide - ad. having a great distance from one side to the other; not limited  
wife - n. a woman who is married  
wild - ad. living and growing in natural conditions and not organized or supervised by humans; angry; uncontrolled  
will - v. a word used with action words to show future action ("They will hold talks tomorrow.")  
willing - ad. being ready or having a desire to ("They are willing to talk about the problem.")  
win - v. to gain a victory; to defeat another or others in a competition, election or battle  
wind - n. a strong movement of air  
window - n. an opening in a wall to let in light and air, usually filled with glass winter - n. the coldest time of year, between autumn and spring  
wire - n. a long, thin piece of metal used to hang objects or to carry electricity or electronic communications from one place to another  
wise - ad. having much knowledge and understanding; able to use knowledge and understanding to make good or correct decisions  
wish - v. to want; to express a desire for  
with - prep. along or by the side of; together; using ("He fixed it with a tool."); having ("the house with the red door")  
withdraw - v. to take or move out, away or back; to remove  
without - prep. with no; not having or using; free from; not doing  
woman - n. an adult female human  
wonder - v. to ask oneself; to question ("She wonders if it is true."); n. a feeling of surprise  
wonderful - ad. causing wonder; especially good  
wood - n. the solid material of which trees are made  
word - n. one or more connected sounds that form a single part of a language  
work - v. to use physical or mental effort to make or do something; n. the effort used to make or to do something; that which needs effort; the job one does to earn money  
world - n. the earth; the people who live on the earth  
worry - v. to be concerned; to continue thinking that something, possibly bad, can happen  
worse - ad. more bad than  
worth - n. value measured in money  
wound - v. to injure; to hurt; to cause physical damage to a person or animal; n. an injury to the body of a human or animal in which the skin is usually cut or broken  
wreck - v. to damage greatly; to destroy; n. anything that has been badly damaged or broken  
wreckage - n. what remains of something severely damaged or destroyed  
write - v. to use an instrument to make words appear on a surface, such as paper  
wrong - ad. not correct; bad; not legal; opposite right
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Y
yellow - ad. having the color like that of gold or the sun  
yes - ad. used to express agreement or to permit  
yesterday - n. the day before today  
yet - ad. at some time before now ("Have they arrived yet?"); now; at this time ("I cannot tell you about it yet."); conj. however ("The sun was shining, yet it was cold.")  
you - pro. the person or persons being spoken to  
young - ad. in the early years of life; not old
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Z
zoo - n. a place where animals are kept for the public to look at and study  
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Common Prefixes
dis - not (dishonest, disobey)  
pro - for, supporting (pro-labor, pro-government)  
re - to do again (reorganize, reunite)  
self - used to show that the person or group acting is the one affected by the action, or to show that the action is done only by its own effort or power (self-declared, self-appointed)  
un - not (unusual, unhappy)
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Common Expressions
carry out - to do; to put into effect ("Please carry out the plan.")  
pass a bill - approve ("Congress is expected to pass a bill to cut taxes.")  
take steps - to start to do something ("The government will take steps to halt inflation.")
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Words Used in VOA Special English Science Programs
atom - a very small part of all things; the smallest part of an element that can join with parts of other elements  
bacteria - living things that are one cell and can be seen only through a microscope; some cause disease  
cell - a small mass of living material that is part of all plants and animals
chromosome - a line of genes; most human cells contain 46 chromosomes  
compound - a substance containing two or more elements  
dense - close together; thick  
electron - a small part of an atom that has an electrical force  
element - one of more than 100 substances known to science that cannot be separated into other substances  
enzyme - a special kind of protein; it produces changes in other substances without being changed itself  
fetus - unborn young  
fission - a splitting; in atomic fission, the nucleus of an atom is split to produce nuclear energy  
fusion - a joining together; in atomic fusion, atomic particles are joined together to produce nuclear energy  
genes - parts of cells that control the growth and development of living things; genes from the mother and father are passed to the child; genes contain nucleic acid  
genetic engineering - the science of changing the genes of a living organism  
gravity - the force that pulls things toward the center of the earth  
image - a reproduction of the appearance of a person or thing  
laser - an instrument that makes a thin, powerful light  
magnet - a piece of iron or other material that has a pulling force; this pulling force is called magnetism  
molecule - the smallest amount of a chemical substance that can exist  
nerve - a thin piece of tissue that sends information through the body to and from the brain  
nucleus - the center part of an atom or cell  
nucleic acid - a molecule that holds the genetic information necessary for life; there are two kinds of nucleic acid: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid)  
nutrient - a food or substance that makes plants, humans or animals grow  
organ - a part of the body that has a special purpose, such as the heart or brain  
organism - a living thing, often so small it can be seen only through a microscope  
particle - a very small piece of matter  
proteins - substances responsible for the growth of tissue and for fixing damaged tissue  
robot - a machine that moves and performs tasks  
tissue - living material; a group of cells that are similar in appearance and do the same thing  
virus - a kind of organism that causes disease  
x-rays - a kind of radiation that can pass through most solid materials, often used in medicine
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Organs of the Body
heart - pumps blood through the body  
intestines - tubes through which food passes after it is broken down in the stomach; part of the intestines also remove solid wastes from the body  
kidney - cleans liquid wastes from the body  
liver - makes some proteins and enzymes; removes poisons from the blood  
lung - takes in and expels air from the body  
prostate - a part of the male reproductive system  
stomach - breaks down food for the body to use  
uterus - a part of the female reproductive system where a fetus develops