under开头的一系列六级词汇：
undertake 承担，承办，从事，着手
undergo 经受，经历
underline 突出，强调 underlining 突出的，强调的
underlie 以….为基础 underlying 基础的，基本的
underdone 半熟的 <－> overdone 过熟的
故事中的词汇
六级钟和饮食相关的单词：
翻译菜名的公式
烹调方法 ＋ 菜品 ＋ 主料 ＋ with ＋ 口味
烹调方法：
Stir-fry 炒
Stew 炖
Roast 烤（炉烤，e.g. roast duck烤鸭）
Grill 烤（烤架烤）
Braise 焖
Pickle 腌（e.g. korean pickle韩国泡菜）
菜品：
Shred 丝
Chop 块
Slice 片
Mince 末
Dice 1,丁
2,骰子
经典菜名翻译：
鱼香肉丝 stir-fried shredded pork with chilli sauce 辣的
宫爆鸡丁 stir-fried diced chicken with chilli sauce and peanuts
Kong Pao Chicken
43. Some studies confirmed that this kind of eye disease was ______ in tropical countries.
A) prospective B) prevalent C) provocative D) perpetual
44. I am afraid that you have to alter your ______ views in light of the tragic news that has just arrived.
A) indifferent B) distressing C) optimistic D) pessimistic
45. Although he has had no formal education, he is one of the ______ businessmen in the
company.
A) shrewdest B) sternest C) nastiest D) alertest
46. Stop shouting! I can\'t hear the football ______
A) judgment B) interpretation C) commentary D) explanation
47. The cultures of China and Japan hare shared many features, but each has
used them according to its national______
A) engagement B) destiny C) capacity D) temperament
48. Every member of society has to make a ______ to struggle for the freedom of the country.
A) resolve B) guarantee C) pledge D) warranty
49. I was deeply impressed by the hostess\' and enjoyed the dinner party very much.
A) humanity B) hospitality C) hostility D) indignation
50. David tends to feel useless and unwanted in a society that gives so much ______ to
those who compete well.
A) prestige B) superiority C) regime D) legislation
51. As you have seen, the value of a nation\'s currency is a ______ of its economy.
A) response B) revelation C) reaction D) reflection
52. In the Spring Export Commodities Fair the _______ of fine china attracted much attention
of customers from all over the world.
A) string B) procession C) array D) succession
53. We should make a clear_______ between the two scientific terms for the purpose of our
discussion.
A) distinction B) discrimination C) deviation D) separation
54. The terrorists might have planted a bomb on a plane in Athens, set to______ when it
arrived in New York.
A) get off B) carry off C) go off D) come off
55. We should be able to do the job for you quickly, _______ you give us all the necessary
information.
A) in case B) provided that C) or else D) as if
56. The younger person\'s attraction to stereos cannot be explained only ______ familiarity
with technology.
A) by means of B) in terms of C) in quest of D) by virtue of
57. Attempts to persuade her to stay after she felt insulted were______
A) of no avail B) on the contrary C) at a loss D) in no way
58. By signing the lease we made a _______ to pay a rent of $ 150 a week.
A) confinement B) commitment C) conception D) commission
59. To prevent flooding in winter the water flowing from the dam is constantly ______ by a
computer.
A) graded B) monitored C) managed D) conducted
60. Many people think of deserts as ______ regions, but numerous species of plants and
animals have adapted to life there.
A) void B) virgin C) barren D) wretched
Unit 7
41. The doctors don\'t _______ that he will live much longer.
A) articulate B) anticipate C) manifest D) monitor
42. I suggest we put the scheme into effect, for it is quite_______.
A) eligible B) sustainable C) probable D) feasible
43.The old gentleman was a very ________ looking person, with grey hair and gold
spectacles.
A) respectful B) respected C) respective D) respectable
44.This book is expected to _______ the best - seller lists.
A) promote B) prevail C) dominate D) exemplify
45.That part of the city has long been ________ for its street violence.
A) notorious B) responsible C) historical D) illegal
46. Under the guidance of their teacher, the pupils are building a model boat_______
by steam.
A) towed B) pressed C) tossed D) propelled
47. Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks,
________themselves.
A) expanding B) stretching C) prolonging D) extending
48. England\'s team, who are now superbly fit, will be doing their best next week
to ________ themselves for last year\'s defeat.
A) revive B) retort C) revenge D) remedy
49.If you want to get into that tunnel, you first have to _______ away all the
rocks.
A) haul B) transfer C) repel D) dispose
50. It took us only a few hours to _______the paper off all four walls.
A) shear B) scrape C) stroke D) chip
51.The famous scientist _______his success to hard work.
A) imparted B) granted C) ascribed D) acknowledged
52.It is difficult to _______of a plan to end poverty.
A) speculate B) conceive C) ponder D) reckon
53.Now the cheers and applause _______in a single sustained roar.
A) mingled B) concentrated C) assembled D) permeated
54.Improved consumer confidence is ________ to an economic recovery.
A) crucial B) subordinate C) cumulative D) satisfactory
55. Although the body is made up of many different tissues, these tissues are
arranged in an _______ and orderly fashion.
A) incredible B) intricate C) internal D) initial
56. If you work under a car when repairing it, you often get very_______.
A) waxy B) slippery C) sticky D) greasy
57. The damage to his car was_______; therefore, he could repair it himself.
A) considerable B) appreciable C) negligible D) invisible
58.My sister is quite _______ and plans to get an M. A. degree within one year.
A) aggressive B) enthusiastic C) considerate D) ambitious
59.The manager tried to wave aside these issues as _______ details that would be
settled later.
A) versatile B) trivial C) preliminary D) alternate
60.His_______was telling him that something was wrong.
A) intuition B) hypothesis C) inspiration D) sentiment
61.This book is about how these basic beliefs and values affect important _______
of American life.
A) fashions B) frontiers C) facets D) formats
62.Parents often faced the _______ between doing what they felt was good for the
development of the child and what they could stand by way of undisciplined
noise and destructiveness.
A) paradox B) junction C) dilemma D) premise
63. Clark felt that his _______ in one of the most dramatic medical experiments of
all time was worth the suffering he underwent.
A) apprehension B) appreciation C) presentation D) participation
64.As one of the youngest professors in the university, Miss King is certainly on
the ________ of a brilliant career.
A) threshold B) edge C) porch D) course
65. The_______lawyer made a great impression on the jury.
A) protecting B) guarding C) defending D) shielding
66. Very few people understood his lecture, the subject of which was very_______.
A) dim B) obscure C) conspicuous D) intelligible
67. This movie is not ________ for children to see: it contains too much violence and too many love scenes.
A) profound B) valid C) decent D) upright
68. The wood was so rotten that, when we pulled, it _______ into fragments.
A) broke off B) broke away C) broke through D) broke up
69. The detective and his assistant have begun to _______ the mysterious murder.
A) come through B) look into C) make over D) see to
70. Sadly, the Giant Panda is one of the many species now in danger of_______.
A) extinction B) migration C) destruction D) extraction
改错&完型填空讲义
Passage 1
Error Correction (15 minutes)
Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (／) in the blank.
Example:
Television is rapidly becoming the literatures of our periods.
1. time/times/period
Many of the arguments having used for the study of literature
2. ／___________
as a school subject are valid for ∧ study of television. 3. the___________
One major decision which faces the American student ready to
begin higher education is the choice of attending a large
university or a small college. The large university provides a
wide range of specialized departments, as well numerous 71. __________
courses within such departments. The small college, therefore, 72. __________
generally provides a limited number of courses and
specializations but offer a better student-faculty ratio, thus 73. __________
permit individualized attention to student. Because of it6s large 74. __________
student body (often exceeding 20,000) consisting in many 75. __________
people from different countries the university exposes its
students to many difference culture, social and out-of-class 76. __________
programmes. On the other hand, the smaller, more
homogeneous(同性质的) student body of the big college 77. __________
affords greater opportunities in such activities. Finally, the
university closely approximates the real world and which 78. __________
provides a relaxed, impersonal, and sometimes anonymous
(隐姓埋名的) existence, on the contrast, the intimate 79. __________
atmosphere of the small college allows the student four years of
structural living in which to expect and preparing for the real 80. __________
world. In making his choice among educational institutions the
student must, there fore, consider a great many factors.
71. (well) (well) as 72. therefore however
73. offer offers 74. permit permitting
75. in of 76. culture cultural
77. big small 78. and / 或 and which, this
79. contrast contrary 80. preparing prepare
Passage 2
Error Correction (15 minutes)
Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (／) in the blank.
Example:
Television is rapidly becoming the literatures of our periods.
1. time/times/period
Many of the arguments having used for the study of literature.
2. ／___________
As a school subject are valid for ∧ study of television. 3. the___________
Thomas Malthus published his \"Essay on the Principle
of Population\" almost 200 years ago. Ever since then,
forecasters have being warning that worldwide famine was S1. _____
just around the next corner. The fast-growing population\'s
demand for food, they warned, would soon exceed their S2. _____
supply, leading to widespread food shortages and starvation.
But in reality, the world\'s total grain harvest has risen
steadily over the years. Except for relative isolated trouble S3. _____
spots like present-day Somalia, and occasional years of
good harvests, the world\'s food crisis has remained just S4. _____
around the corner. Most experts believe this can continue
even as if the population doubles by the mid-21st century, S5. _____
although feeding I0 billion people will not be easy for
politics, economic and environmental reasons. Optimists S6. _____
point to concrete examples of continued improvements
in yield. In Africa, by instance, improved seed, more S7. _____
fertilizer and advanced growing practices have more than
double corn and wheat yields in an experiment. Elsewhere, S8. _____
rice experts in the Philippines are producing a plant with few S9. _____
stems and more seeds. There is no guarantee that plant
breeders can continue to develop new, higher-yielding
crop, but most researchers see their success to date as reason S10. _____
for hope.
S1. beingbeen S2. theirits
S3. relativerelatively S4. goodbad
S5. as去掉 S6. politicspolitical
S7. byfor S8. doubledoubled
S9. fewmore S10. reasonthe reason
Passage 3
Error Correction (15 minutes)
Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (／) in the blank.
Example:
Television is rapidly becoming the literatures of our periods.
1. time/times/period
Many of the arguments having used for the study of literature.
2. ／___________
As a school subject are valid for ∧ study of television. 3. the___________
The Seattle Times Company is one newspaper firm that
has recognized the need for change and done something about
it. In the newspaper industry, papers must reflect the diversity
of the communities to which they provide information.
It must reflect that diversity with their news coverage or risk S1. _________
losing their readers’ interest and their advertisers’ support.
Operating within Seattle, which has 20 percents racial S2. _________
minorities, the paper has put into place policies and
procedures for hiring and maintain a diverse workforce. The S3. _________
underlying reason for the change is that for information to be
fair, appropriate, and subjective, it should be reported by the S4. _________
same kind of population that reads it.
A diversity committee composed of reporters, editors, and
photographers meets regularly to value the Seattle Times’ S5. _________
content and to educate the rest of the newsroom staff about
diversity issues. In an addition, the paper instituted a content S6. _________
audit (审查) that evaluates the frequency and manner of
representation of woman and people of color in photographs. S7. _________
Early audits showed that minorities were pictured far too
infrequently and were pictured with a disproportionate
number of negative articles. The audit results from S8. _________
improvement in the frequency of majority representation and S9. _________
their portrayal in neutral or positive situations. And, with a S10. _________
result, the Seattle Times has improved as a newspaper.
The diversity training and content audits helped the
Seattle Times Company to win the Personal Journal
Optimas Award for excellence in managing change.
S1. it they S2. percents percent
S3. maintain maintaining S4. subjective objective
S5. value evaluate S6. an /
S7. woman women S8. from in
S9. majority minority S10. with as
Passage 4
Error Correction (15 minutes)
Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (／) in the blank.
Example:
Television is rapidly becoming the literatures of our periods.
1. time/times/period
Many of the arguments having used for the study of literature.
2. ／___________
As a school subject are valid for ∧ study of television. 3. the___________
A great many cities are experiencing difficulties which
are nothing new in the history of cities, except in their scale.
Some cities have lost their original purpose and have not found
new one. And any large or rich city is going to attract poor S1. __________
immigrants, who flood in, filling with hopes of prosperity S2. __________
which are then often disappointing. There are backward towns
on the edge of Bombay or Brasilia, just as though there were S3. __________
on the edge of seventeenth-century London or early nine-
teenth-century Paris. This is new is the scale. Descriptions S4. __________
written by eighteenth-century travelers of the poor of Mexico
City, and the enormous contrasts that was to be found there, S5. __________
are very dissimilar to descriptions of Mexico City today—the S6. __________
poor can still be numbered in millions.
The whole monstrous growth rests on economic prosper-
ity, but behind it lies two myths: the myth of the city as a S7. __________
promised land, that attracts immigrants from rural poverty S8. __________
and brings it flooding into city centers, and the myth of the S9. __________
country as a Garden of Eden, which, a few generations late, S10. __________
sends them flooding out again to the suburbs.
S1. new a new S2. filling filled
S3. though if S4. This What
S5. was were S6. dissimilar similar
S7. lies lie S8. that which
S9. it them S10. late later
Passage 5
Error Correction (15 minutes)
Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (／) in the blank.
Example:
Television is rapidly becoming the literatures of our periods.
1. time/times/period
Many of the arguments having used for the study of literature.
2. ／___________
As a school subject are valid for ∧ study of television. 3. the___________
Sporting activities are essentially modified forms of
hunting behavior. Viewing biologically, the modern S1. __________
footballer is revealed as a member of a disguised hunting
pack. His killing weapon has turned into a harmless football
and his prey into a goal-mouth. If his aim is inaccurate and he S2. __________
scores a goal, enjoys the hunter’s triumph of killing his prey.
To understand how this transformation has taken place we S3. __________
must briefly look up at our ancient ancestors. They spent over a S4. __________
million year evolving as co-operative hunters. Their very survival S5. __________
depended on success in the hunting-field. Under this pressure
their whole way of life, even if their bodies, became radicaily S6. __________
changed. They became chasers, runners, jumpers, aimers,
throwers and prey-killers. They co-operate as skillful male-group S7. __________
attackers.
Then, about ten thousand years ago, when this immensely S8. __________
long formative period of hunting for food, they became
farmers. Their improved intelligence, so vital to their old
hunting life, were put to a new use—that of penning (把 S9. __________
……关在圈中), controlling and domesticating their prey. The
food was there on the farms, awaiting their needs. The risks and
uncertainties of farming were no longer essential for survival. S10.__________
S1. Viewing Viewed S2. inaccurate accurate
S3. (enjoys) he (enjoys) S4. up back
S5. year years S6. (even) if (even) /
S7. co-operate co-operated S8. when after
S9. were was S10.. farming hunting
Passage 6
Error Correction (15 minutes)
Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (／) in the blank.
Example:
Television is rapidly becoming the literatures of our periods.
1. time/times/period
Many of the arguments having used for the study of literature.
2. ／___________
As a school subject are valid for ∧ study of television. 3. the___________
More people die of tuberculosis (结核病) than of any
other disease caused by a single agent. This has probably
been the case in quite a while. During the early stages of 71. __________
the industrial revolution, perhaps one in every seventh 72. __________
deaths in Europe’s crowded cities were caused by the 73. __________
disease. From now on, though, western eyes, missing the 74. __________
global picture, saw the trouble going into decline. With
occasional breaks for war, the rates of death and
infection in the Europe and America dropped steadily 75. __________
through the 19th and 20th centuries. In the 1950s, the
introduction of antibiotics (抗菌素) strengthened the
trend in rich countries, and the antibiotics were allowed
to be imported to poor countries. Medical researchers 76. __________
declared victory and withdrew.
They are wrong. In the mid-1980s the frequency of 77. __________
infections and deaths started to pick up again around the
world. Where tuberculosis vanished, it came back; in 78. __________
many places where it had never been away, it grew better. 79. __________
The World Health Organization estimates that 1.7
billion people (a third of the earth’s population) suffer
from tuberculosis. Even the infection rate was
falling, population growth kept the number of clinical
cases more or less constantly at 8 million a year. Around 80. __________
3 million of those people died, nearly all of them in poor
countries.
71. in for 72. seventh seven
73. were was 74. now then
75. the / 76. imported exported
77. are were 78. vanished had ~
79. better worse 80. constantly constant
Passage 7
Error Correction (15 minutes)
Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (／) in the blank.
Example:
Television is rapidly becoming the literatures of our periods.
1. time/times/period
Many of the arguments having used for the study of literature.
2. ／___________
As a school subject are valid for ∧ study of television. 3. the___________
When you start talking about good and bad manners you
immediately start meeting difficulties. Many people just cannot
agree what they mean. We asked a lady, who replied that she
thought you could tell a well-manned person on the way they 71. __________
occupied the space around them—for example, when such a
person walks down a street he or she is constantly unaware of 72. __________
others. Such people never bump into other people.
However, a second person thought that this was more a
question of civilized behavior as good manners. Instead, this 73. __________
other person told us a story, it he said was quite well known, 74. __________
about an American who had been invited to an Arab meal at 75. __________
one of the countries of the Middle East. The American hasn’t 76. __________
been told very much about the kind of food he might expect. If
he had known about American food, he might have behaved 77. __________
better.
Immediately before him was a very flat piece of bread that
looked, to him, very much as a napkin（餐巾）. Picking it 78. __________
up, he put it into his collar, so that it falls across his shirt. 79. __________
His Arab host, who had been watching, said of nothing, but 80. __________
immediately copied the action of his guest.
And that, said this second person, was a fine example of
good manners.
71. (on the way) (on the way) that 72. unaware aware
73. as than 74. it which
75. at in 76. hasn’t hadn’t
77. American Arab 78. as like
79. falls fell 80. of /
Passage 8
Error Correction (15 minutes)
Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (／) in the blank.
Example:
Television is rapidly becoming the literatures of our periods.
1. time/times/period
Many of the arguments having used for the study of literature
2. ／___________
as a school subject are valid for ∧ study of television. 3. the___________
Until the very latest moment of his existence, man has been
bound to the planet on which he originated and devel-
oped. Now he had the capability to leave that planet and move 71. __________
out into the universe to those worlds which he has known
previously only directly. Men have explored parts of the moon. 72. __________
put spaceships in orbit around another planet and possibly within
the decade will land into another planet and explore it. Can we be 73. __________
too bold as to suggest that we may be able to colonize other 74. __________
planet within the not-too-distant future? Some have advocated 75. __________
such a procedure as a solution to the population problem: ship the
excess people off to the moon. But we must keep in head the 76. __________
billions of dollars we might spend in carrying out the project. To
maintain the earth’s population at its present level, we would have
to blast off into space 7,500 people every hour of every day of the
year.
Why are we spending so little money on space ex- 77. __________
ploration? Consider the great need for improving many aspects 78. __________
of the global environment, one is surely justified in his
concern for the money and resources that they are poured into 79. __________
the space exploration efforts. But perhaps we should look at
both sides of the coin before arriving hasty conclusions. 80. __________
71. had has 72. directly indirectly
73. into on 74. too so
75. planet planets / worlds 76. head mind
77. little much 78. Consider Considering
79. they /
80. (arriving) (arriving) at 或 arriving reaching/drawing/making
Passage 9
Most people work to earn a living and they
Produce goods and services. Goods are either
agricultural (like maize) or manufactured (like
cars). Services are such things like education, 1.________
medicine, and commerce. These people provide 2.________
goods; some provide services. Other people provide
both goods or services. For example, in the same 3.________
garage a man may buy a car or some service which
helps him maintain his car.
The work people do is called as economic 4.________
activity. All economic activities taken together make
up the economic system of a town, a city, a country,
or the world. Such economic system is the sum-total 5._________
of what people do and what they want. The work
people do either provides what they need or provides
the money with that they can by essential 6.________
commodities. Of course, most people hope to have
enough money to buy commodities and services which
are essential but which provide some particular 7.________
personal satisfaction, such as toys for children, visits 8._______
the cinema, and books.
The science of economics is basic upon the facts 9.________
of our everyday lives. Economists study our every day
lives and the general life of our communities in order
to understand the whole economic system of which we
are a part. They try to describe the facts of the
economy in which we live, and to explain how it
works. The economist methods should of course be 10.________
strictly objective and scientific.
1．like －> as
2．these －> some
3．or －> and
4．as －> \\ 去掉as
5．Such economic system －> Such∧an economic system
6．that －> which
7．are essential －> are∧not essential 或者essential －> non-essential
8．visits the cinema －> visits∧to the cinema
9．basic －> based
10．The economist methods －> The economist’s methods
The economists’ methods
Passage 10
Parents can be supportive of suspicions. They
can be helpful to the teacher, or are in need of help 1.
themselves. Sometimes, I think parents are too hard
to their children. I have seen many parents of this 2.
kind. I often have the problem of parents coming in
and telling me what they really treat their kids. They 3.
tell me that they usually stand over their kinds when
they do their homework. They check their work and
make big fuss over the grades. They criticize the kids 4.
over everything having to do with school. My
response usually is: ”well, you know, he is really a
good kid. He is fine in my class. Maybe you should
not be too strict with them.” 5.
We want parents to realize the fact that teachers
are professors at working with children. They have 6.
observed many children and many parents. Because
of this, and because of their specialized training,
teachers can be realistic about children. Teachers
know whether parents want their children to do well 7.
and to behave well. But teachers know less what 8.
children should be able to do at different ages and
stages. They don’t expect the 8-year-olds to do the
work that can only be done by the 12-year-olds.
Parents, in the contrary, often expect their children 9.
to do what is usually beyond their age and ability.
Obviously, this may make great harm to the 10.
children’s development.
1．are －> be
2．be hard to －> be hard on
3．what －> how
4．make big fuss －> make a big fuss
5．them －> him
6．professors －> experts
professional
7．whether －> \\
that
8．less －> more
better
9．in the contrary －> on the contrary
10．make harm to －> do harm to
Passage 11
Closure is the positive felling you get when you
finish a task. Lack of closure results from the 1.________
panicked feeling that you still have a million things to
do. One way to obtain closure is divide a task into 2.________
manageable goals, list them, and check them off
your list as you finish them. For example, suppose
your historic teacher assigns three chapters to be 3.________
read. If your goal is to read all three chapters, you
may feel discouraged if you don’t complete the
reading at one time. A more effective way to
complete the assignment is to divide the reading into
smaller goals by thinking each chapter as a separate 4.________
goal. Thus you experience success as you complete.
each chapter. While you have completed the overall 5.________
goal, you know you have progressed toward it.
A second block to obtaining closure is unfinished
business. You may have several tasks with the same
deadline. If changing from one task to another serves 6. ________
as a break, changing tasks too often waste time. 7. ________
Each time you switch, you lose momentum. You
may be unable to change mental gears fast enough.
You may find yourself thinking about the old project
when you should be concentrating in the new one. In 8. ________
addition, when you return to your first task, you
have to review where you are and what steps were 9. ________
left for you to finish.
Often you solve this problem by determining
how much time you have free to work. If the time
available is short (i.e. ,an hour or less), you need to
work on only one task. Alternate tasks when you
have more time. Completing one task or a large
portion of a task attributes to the feeling of closure. 10.______
1．result from －> result in
2．is divide －> is to divide
3．historic teacher－> history teacher
4．think each chapter －> think∧of each chapter
5．have completed－> have∧not completed
6．If－>Although
7．waste －> wastes
8．concentrate in －> concentrate on
9．review where you are－>review where you were
10．attributes to －> contribute to
Passage 12
Oral health care is, these days, a big, boom 1.
business. According to Ralph Nader, American 2.
spend some $5 billion on dental care each year. Yet,
although the tremendous amounts of money, time 3.
and energy giving over to oral health, dental 4.
literature indicates that about half the population in
this country has lost all of his natural teeth by age 5.
65. Nearly half of all people over age 20 wear a bridge
or denture, and more than 30 percent have
complete upper and lower dentures. By age 50, one
out of every two persons have gum disease. 6.
The dental profession blames neglectful
Americans them¬selves. About half the population, it
claims, fails in visit the dentist regularly and some 30 7.
million never did. Critics, on the other hand slam 8.
the profession. It can be conservatively esti¬mated
that at least 15 percent of United States dentists are 9.
incompetent, honest, or both, says a former 10.
Pennsylvania Commissioner of Insurance. Some have
set the figure as high as 50 percent.
1．boom －> booming
2．American－>Americans
3．although－>despite
4．giving－>given
5．his －> its
6．have －> has
7．fails in visit －> fails to visit
8．never did－> never do
9．United States－> the United States
10．incompetent，honest，or both－> incompetent, dishonest, or both
完型填空部分
Cloze Test 1
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
When women do become managers, do they ring a different style and different skills to the job? Are they better, or worse, managers than men? Are women more highly motivated and __71__ than male managers?
Some research __72__ the idea that women bring different attitudes and skills to management jobs, such as greater __73__, an emphasis on affiliation and attachment, and a __74__ to bring emotional factors to bear __75__ making workplace decisions. These differences are __76_ to carry advantages for companies, __77__ they expand the range of techniques that can be used to __78__ the company manage its workforce __79__.
A study commissioned by the International Women’s Forum __80__ a management style used by some women managers (and also by some men) that __81__ from the command-and-control style __82__ used by male managers. Using this “interactive leadership” approach, “women __83__ participation, share power and information, __84__ other people’s self-worth, and get others excited about their work. All these __85__ reflect their belief that allowing __86__ to contribute and to feel __87__ and important is a win-win __88__—good for the employees and the organization.” The study’s director __89__ that “interactive leadership may emerge __90__ the management style of choice for many organizations.”
71. A) confronted B) commanded C) confined D) committed
72. A) supports B) argues C) opposes D) despises
73. A) combination B) cooperativeness C) coherence D) correlation
74. A) willingness B) loyalty C) sensitivity D) virtue
75. A) by B) in C) at D) with
76. A) disclosed B) watched C) revised D) seen
77. A) therefore B) whereas C) because D) nonetheless
78. A) help B) enable C) support D) direct
79. A) evidently B) precisely C) aggressively D) effectively
80. A) developed B) invented C) discovered D) located
81. A) derives B) differs C) descends D) detaches
82. A) inherently B) traditionally C) conditionally D) occasionally
83. A) encourage B) dismiss C) disapprove D) engage
84. A) enhance B) enlarge C) ignore D) degrade
85. A) themes B) subjects C) researches D) things
86. A) managers B) women C) employees D) males
87. A) faithful B) powerful C) skillful D) thoughtful
88. A) situation B) status C) circumstance D) position
89. A) predicted B) proclaimed C) defied D) diagnosed
90. A) into B) from C) as D) for
71. D 72. A 73. B 74. A 75. B 76. D 77. C 78. A 79. D 80. C
81. B 82. B 83. A 84. A 85. D 86. C 87. B 88. A 89. A 90. C
Cloze Test 2
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
In the United States, the first day nursery was opened in 1854. Nurseries were established in various areas during the ___61__ half of the 19th century; most of ___62___ were charitable. Both in Europe and in the U.S. the day-nursery movement received great ___63___ during the First World War, when ___64___ of manpower caused the industrial employment of unprecedented（前所未有）numbers of women. In some European countries nurseries were establishes ___65___ in munitions（军火）plants, under direct government sponsorship. ___66___ the number of nurseries in the U.S. also rose ___67___, this rise was accomplished without government aid of any kind. During the years following the First World War, ___68___, Federal, State, and local governments gradually began to exercise a measure of control ___69___ the day nurseries, chiefly by ___70___ them and by inspecting and regulating the conditions within the nurseries.
The ___71___ of the Second World War was quickly followed by an increase in the number of day nurseries in almost all countries, as women were ___72___ called upon to replace men in the factories. On this ___73___ the U.S. government immediately came to the support of the nursery schools. ___74___ $6,000,000 in July, 1942, for a nursery-school program for the children of working mothers. Many States and local communities ___75___ this Federal aid. By the end of the war, in August, 1945, more than 100,000 children were being cared ___76___ in day-care centers receiving Federal ___77___. Soon afterward, the Federal government ___78___ cut down its expenditures for this purpose and later ___79___ them, causing a sharp drop in the number of nursery schools in operation. However, the expectation that most employed mothers would leave their ___80___ at the end of the war was only partly fulfilled.
61. A) latter B) late C) other D) first
62. A) those B) them C) whose D) whom
63. A) impetus B) input C) imitation D) initiative
64. A) sources B) abundance C) shortage D) reduction
65. A) hardly B) entirely C) only D) even
66. A) Because B) As C) Since D) Although
67. A) unanimously B) sharply C) predominantly D) militantly
68. A) therefore B) consequently C) however D) moreover
69. A) over B) in C) at D) about
70. A) formulating B) labeling C) patenting D) licensing
71. A) outset B) outbreak C) breakthrough D) breakdown
72. A) again B) thus C) repeatedly D) yet
73. A) circumstance B) occasion C) case D) situation
74. A) regulating B) summoning C) allocating D) transferring
75. A) expanded B) facilitated C) supplemented D) compensated
76. A) by B) after C) of D) for
77. A) pensions B) subsidies C) revenues D) budgets
78. A) prevalently B) furiously C) statistically D) drastically
79. A) abolished B) diminished C) jeopardized D) precluded
80. A) nurseries B) homes C) jobs D) children
61. C 62. C 63. D 64. B 65. A 66. D 67. A 68. B 69. D 70. C
71. A 72. C 73. B 74. C 75. B 76. C 77. D 78. B 79. D 80. A
Cloze Test 3
(15 minutes)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Most people who travel long distances complain of jetlag (喷气飞行时差反应). Jetlag makes business travelers less productive and more prone ___61___ making mistakes. It is actually caused by ___62___ of your “baby clock”—a small cluster of brain cells that controls the timing of biological ___63___. The baby clock is designed for a ___64___ rhythm of daylight and darkness, so that it is thrown out of balance when it ___65___ daylight and darkness at the “wrong” times in a new time zone. The ___66___ of jetlag often persist for days ___67___ the internal body clock slowly adjusts to the new time zone.
Now a new anti-jetlag system is ___68___ that is based on proven ___69___ pioneering scientific research. Dr. Martin Moore-Ede has ___70___ a practical strategy to adjust the body clock much sooner to the new time zone ___71___ controlled exposure to bright light. The time zone shift is easy to accomplish and eliminates ____72____ of the discomfort of jetlag.
A successful time zone shift depends on knowing the exact times to either ___73___ or avoid bright light. Exposure to light at the wrong time can actually make jetlag worse. The proper schedule ___74___ light exposure depends a great deal on ___75___ travel plans.
Data on a specific flight itinerary (施行路线) and the individual’s sleep ___76___ are used to produce a Trip Guide with ___77___ on exactly when to be exposed to bright light.
When the Trip Guide calls ___78___ bright light you should spend time outdoors if possible. If it is dark outside, or the weather is bad. ___79___ you are on an aeroplane you can use a special light device to provide the necessary light ___80___ for a range of activities such as reading, watching TV or working.
61. A) for B) from C) to D) of
62. A) rupture B) corruption C) eruption D) disruption
63. A) actions B) functions C) reflection D) behavior
64. A) regular B) formal C) continual D) circular
65. A) retains B) encounters C) possesses D) experiences
66. A) diseases B) symptoms C) signs D) defects
67. A) while B) whereas C) if D) although
68. A) adaptable B) approachable C) available D) agreeable
69. A) broad B) inclusive C) tentative D) extensive
70. A) devised B) recognised C) scrutinized D) visualized
71. A) at B) through C) in D) as
72. A) most B) least C) little D) more
73. A) attain B) shed C) retrieve D) seek
74. A) on B) with C) for D) in
75. A) unique B) specific C) complicated D) peculiar
76. A) norm B) mode C) pattern D) style
77. A) directories B) instructions C) specifications D) commentaries
78. A) off B) on C) for D) up
89. A) or B) and C) but D) while
80. A) agitation B) spur C) acceleration D) stimulus
61. C 62. D 63. B 64. A 65. D 66. B 67. A 68. C 69. D 70. A
71. B 72. A 73. D 74. C 75. B 76. C 77. B 78. C 79. A 80. D |
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