adopt | 词义 | ① to take sb elses child into your family and become its legal parent(s) 收养，领养
② to start to use sth (a method, a new name, a manner, etc) 采用（某方法），采取（某态度）；选用（名字等），移居（某国），承袭（风俗）；采用（某种举止、说话方式等）
③ to formally accept a suggestion or policy by voting 正式通过，表决采纳（建议、政策等）
④ to choose sb as a candidate in an election or as a representative 选举（某人为候选人或代表） ［+sb (as sth)］ |
例句 | Scientists could “adopt” middle school classes and present their own research.科学家可以“选定”中学课堂，介绍他们的科研。（2003阅读Text 2） |
opt | 词义 | to choose to take or not to take a particular course of action 选择，挑选［+(for/against sth), +to do sth］ ［近pick］ |
例句 | Intelligence, it turns out, is a high-priced option.实验证明，智力是代价高昂的选择。（2009知识运用） |
optical | 词义 | ① connected with the sense of sight or the relationship between the light and sight （常用于名词前）视力的，视觉的，光学的 ［近visual］
② used to help to see sth more clearly 有助于视力的，光学的
② using light for reading or storing information 光读取的，光存储的 |
optimistic | 词义 | expecting good things to happen or sth to be successful; showing this feeling 乐观的，抱乐观看法的［+(about sth), +(that...)］ |
optimum | 词义 | ① the best possible; producing the best possible results 最佳的，最适宜的
②［the optimum］ the best possible result, set of conditions, etc 最佳结果，最好的条件 |
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coordinate | 词义 | ① to organize the different parts of an activity and the people involved in it so that it works well 使协调，使相配合 ［近accommodate］
② to make the different parts of your body work well together 使（身体各部位）动作协调
③ if you coordinate clothes, fabrics, etc or if they coordinate, they look nice together （衣服、布料等）搭配，协调［+(sth) (with sth)］
④（用来确定位置的）坐标 |
例句 | He or she must coordinate the shapes, lighting and decoration of everything from ceiling to floor.他（她）必须协调从天花板至地板所有东西的形状、照明及装饰。(1993 知识运用) |
extraordinary
| 词义
| ① unexpected, surprising or strange 意想不到的，令人惊奇的，奇怪的 ［近unimaginable］
② not normal or ordinary; greater or better than usual 不平常的，卓越的 ［近uncommon, outstanding］
③ ［只用于名词前］ arranged for a special purpose and happening in addition to what normally or regularly happens （会议等）特别的，临时的
④ ［紧接名词之后］employed for a special purpose in addition to the usual staff （官员）特派的 (envoy extraordinary 特使) |
例句
| In his autobiography，Darwin himself speaks of his intellectual powers with extraordinary modesty. 达尔文在自传中谈到自己的智力时显得出人意料般的谦虚。（2008翻译） |
order | 词义 | ① the way in which people or things are placed or arranged in relation to each other; the state of being carefully and neatly arranged 顺序；条理
② the state that exists when people obey laws, rules or authority 秩序，治安，规矩 ［近establishment］
③ sth that sb is told to do by sb in authority 指示，命令
［+(for sb)(to do sth)］ ［近command］
④ a request to make or supply goods, a request for food or drinks; goods, food or drinks sb has ordered or asked for 订购，订单［+(for sth)］，点菜；所订的货物，交付的订货，所点的饮食菜肴
⑤ a formal written instruction for sb to be paid money or to do sth 付款指令（或委托书）；汇票；书面指令
⑥ the way that a society, the world, etc is arranged, with its system of rules and customs 秩序，结构
⑦ a social class （表否定或幽默意义）等级，阶层，阶级
⑧ to use the position of your authority to tell sb to do sth or say that sth must happen 命令，指挥，要求 ［近dictate, prescribe］
⑨ to organize or arrange sth 组织，安排，整理 ［近arrange, regulate］
⑩ to ask for goods to be made or supplied; to ask for a service to be provided; to ask for sth to eat or drink in a restaurant, bar, etc订货，要求提供服务［+(sb) sth, +sth (for sb)］；点（酒菜等） ［+(sb sth), +(sth) (for sb)］
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ordinary | 词义 | ①［只用于名词前］ not unusual or different in any way 普通的，平常的，一般的，平凡的 ［近common, regulary］
② having no unusual or interesting features 平庸的，平淡无奇的 |
subordinate | 词义 | ① having less power or authority than sb else in a group or an organization 隶属的，从属的，下级的［+(to sb)］ ［近inferior］
② less important than sth else 次要的［+(to sth)］ ［近secondary］
③ 下级，部属
④ to treat sb/sth less important than sb/sth else 把……置于次要地位，使从属于［+sb/sth (to sb/sth)］ |
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orient
| 词义 | ① ［常用被动］to direct sb/sth towards sth; to make or adapt sb/sth for a particular purpose 朝向，面对; 确定方向，使适应
［+sb/sth (to/towards sb/sth)］
② to find your position in relation to your surroundings 确定方位，认识方向［+oneself］
③ to make yourself familiar with a new situation 熟悉，适应［+oneself］ ［近adapt］
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例句 | Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis.人类学是一个以实地研究为宗旨的学科，它大量使用对比分析的方法。（2003 翻译） |
oriental | 词义 | ① connected with or typical of the eastern part of the world, esp. china and japan, and the people who live there 东方（尤指中国和日本）的，东方人的
② the Orient东方（尤指中国和日本） |
orientation | 词义 | ① the type of aims or interests that a person or an organization has; the act of directing your aims towards a particular thing方向，目标，定向
［+(of sb/sth) (to/towards sb/sth)］ ［近location］
② the direction in which object faces（物体的）方向
③ a persons basic beliefs or feelings about a particular subject（个人的）基本信仰，态度，观点
④ training or information that you are given before starting a new job, course, etc （任职等前的）培训，训练，迎新会
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例句 | Forgetting clearly aids orientation in time, since old memories weaken and the new tend to stand out, providing clues for inferring duration. 遗忘明显有助于时间的定位，因为旧的记忆淡化了，使新的记忆清晰醒目，为推断某事的持续时间提供了线索。(1995阅读Passage 5) |
origin | 词义 | ① the point from which sth starts; the cause of sth 起源，源头，起因
［近derivation, fountain］
② a persons social and family background 身世，出身
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original | 词义 | ① ［只用于名词前］ existing at the beginning of a particular period, process or activity原来的，起初的，最早的
② new and interesting in a way that is different from anything that has existed before; able to produce new and interesting ideas 首创的，独创的，有独创性的 ［近imaginative, innovative］
③ painted, written, etc, by the artist rather than copied 原作的，真迹的
④ a document, work of art, etc produced for the first time, from which copies are later made 原件，正本，原作 ［近prototype］
⑤ a person who thinks, behaves, dresses, etc in an unusual way （正式用语，思想、行为、衣着等）独特的人，怪人 |
例句 | By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.到了第三代，原来的语言在大部分移民家庭中丧失。（2006阅读Text 1） |
originate | 词义 | ①to happen or appear for the first time in a particular place or situation 发源，发端于［+ad./prep.］
② to create sth new 创立，创建，发明 |
例句 | The group in question are a particular people originated from central Europe.论文中谈到的族群是起源于中欧的某个特定民族。(2008 知识运用) |
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compact | 词义 | ① closely packed together紧密的，坚实的
② using or filling a small space紧凑的，体积小的
③ small and easy to carry小巧易携带的，袖珍的
④ small and strong (人或动物)矮小而强壮的
⑤ a small car小汽车
⑥带镜子的粉盒
⑦ a formal agreement between people or countries协定，合约
⑧［常用被动］ to press sth together firmly压紧 |
impact | 词义 | ① to drive or press one object firmly into another压紧，楔入
② to hit with great force冲击，撞击［+on /with/upon sth］
③ to have an effect on sth(对某事物)有影响
［+(on/upon) sth］ ［同affect］
④ the act of one object hitting another, the force with which this happens撞击，冲击力
⑤ the powerful effect that sth has on sth/sb巨大影响
［+(of sth) (on sth/sb)］
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