小7的英语本

我打算用这个本子记录自己每天的复习计划和是在线做过的这个论坛或者别的论坛的英语题目。
关于我做的题目，我会把题目写出来，然后，答案公布的时候，我会把答案写在下一楼。
大家有兴趣可以一起做。

我会把自己错的拿出来解析。有不对的地方，大家帮我吧。

【跟着NBF突破考研英语阅读】系列活动按照由易到难、由浅入深的原则，为大家提供50篇以上英语文章（每三天一篇），以提高大家的英语阅读能力。

翻译是每天一期

[ 本帖最后由 7月流火 于 2009-10-12 11:47 编辑 ]

今天给出的要翻译的句子是（请翻译划线部分）：
    Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments. Sir Isaac Newton supposedly discovered gravity through the fall of an apple. Apples had been falling in many places for centuries and thousands of people had seen them fall. But Newton for years had been curious about the cause of the orbital motion of the moon and planets. What kept them in place?

在实践中，科学进步依赖于做实验，但更依赖于实验的观察者有所准备的头脑。

分析：
复合句，句子主干：Science depends on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds of the men，less A than B是一个比较结构，表示从程度上A弱B强，句中experiment 和 the men后分别带有定语从句对其修饰。

[ 本帖最后由 7月流火 于 2009-10-13 17:51 编辑 ]

Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments.

实际上，科学比依靠准备好的经验要少得多的是获得经验的人们在思想上的准备。

Passage 49
Public general hospital originated in the almshouse infirmaries established as early as colonial times by local governments to care for the poor. Late, in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the infirmary separated from the almshouse and became an independent institution supported by local tax money. At the same time, private charity hospitals began to develop. Both private and public hospitals provided mainly food and shelter for the impoverished sick, since there was little that medicine could actually do to cure illness, and the middle class was treated at home by private physicians.

Late in the nineteenth century, the private charity hospitals began trying to attract middle-class patients. Although the depression of 1890 stimulated the growth of charitable institutions and an expanding urban population became dependent on assistance, there was a decline in private contributions to these organizations, which forced them to look to local government for financial support. Since private institutions had also lost benefactors, they began to charge patients. In order to attract middle-class patients, private institutions provided services and amenities that distinguished between paying and non-paying patients and made the hospital a desirable place for private physicians to treat their own patients. As paying patients became more necessary to the survival of the private hospital, the public hospitals slowly became the only place for the poor to get treatment. By the end of the nineteenth century, cities were reimbursing private hospitals for their care of indigent patients and the public hospitals remained dependent on the tax dollars.

The advent of private hospital health insurance, which provided middle-class patients with the purchasing power to pay for private hospital services, guaranteed the private hospital a regular source of income. Private hospitals restricted themselves to revenue-generating patients, leaving the public hospitals to care for the poor. Although public hospitals continued to provide services for patients with communicable diseases and outpatients and emergency services, the Blue Cross plans developed around the needs of the private hospitals and the inpatients they served. Thus, reimbursement for ambulatory care has been minimal under most Blue Cross plans, and provision of outpatient care has not been a major function of the private hospital, in part because private patients can afford to pay for the services of private physicians. Additionally, since World War II, there has been a tremendous influx of federal money into private medical schools and the hospitals associated with them. Further, large private medical centers with expensive research equipment und programs have attracted the best administrators, physicians, and researchers. As a result of the greater resources available to the private medical centers, public hospitals have increasing problems attracting highly qualified research and medical personnel. With the mainstream of health care firmly established in the private medical sector, the public hospital has become a dumping ground.  

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

[A] The origin of the public general hospitals.

[B]The reason why private hospitals are more attractive to middle-class patients.

[C] The difference between private and public hospitals.

[D] The development of private hospitals.

  

2. According to the passage, in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, hospitals provided mainly food and shelter because_____.

[A] the middle class was treated at home by private physicians

[B]all patients were poor

[C] hospitals had little effective medicine to care for the sick

[D] there was no medicine in both private and public hospitals

  

3. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

[A] The depression of the mid-eighteenth century stimulated the growth of charitable institutions.

[B]The public hospitals began to charge patients because they lost benefactors.

[C] The appearance of health insurance gave the private hospital a steady financial source.

[D] Both private and public hospitals depended on the tax dollars during the colonial times.

  

4. According to the passage, the private hospitals have all of the following advantages EXCEPT_____.

[A] highly qualified research staff      

[B]more patients

[C] expensive equipment               

[D] highly qualified medical personnel

  

5. Why has the public hospital become a dumping ground?

[A] It is because private hospitals have become predominantly the leading force in the medical profession.
[B]It is because the Government has concentrated its resources on the funding of private hospitals.

[C] It is because the public hospitals don\'t provide medical insurance to patients.

[D] it is because public hospitals only provide services for patients with communicable diseases and outpatients and emergency services.

参考答案：D C C B A

参考译文：
公立医院脱胎于殖民地初期救济院的医务所，这些机构是地方政府为穷人修建的。后来，从18世纪末到19世纪初，医务所脱离了救济院，成为由地方财政拨款的独立机构。与此同时，私人的慈善医院也开始发展起来。由于当时药物治疗疾病的效果甚微，而中产阶级的人士又可以在家里接受私人医生的治疗，所以，公立和私立医院主要为贫穷的病人提供食物和住所。
到了19世纪晚期，私人慈善医院才开始热衷于收治中产阶级的病人。1890年的经济萧条期间，尽管慈善机构的数量在增加，大量的城市人口也开始依靠慈善的援助，但是私人医院得到的个人捐助却在减少，从而不得不寻求当地政府的经济支持。因为失去了赞助，私人医院开始向病人收取费用。为了吸引中产阶级人士，医院也就成了私人医生诊治疾病的理想场所。由于交费病人对维持私人医院的经营更为重要，公立医院逐渐成为穷人看病的唯一场所。到19世纪末，只要私人医院医治了贫穷的病人，政府就会给这些医院经济补偿，公立医院则继续依靠政府的税收经营。
私立医院的医疗保险的推出，使得中产阶级有能力支付医疗费用，从而确保了医院有较为稳定的收入。私立医院只接受有经济收入的病人，而治疗穷人的任务就留给了公立医院。虽然公立医院还继续治疗传染病人，提供门诊和急诊服务，但是蓝十字会则是根据私立医院及其住院病人的需求来制定各种计划的，其中对救护服务的投入最少。门诊服务已经不再是私立医院的主要服务，部分的原因是住院病人有经济能力请到私人医生。另外，自二战以来，联邦政府向私立医学院和附属的私立医院投入了大量的经费。而且，许多大型的私人医疗机构，由于拥有昂贵的研究设备和经费充足的项目，吸引了最好的管理人员、医生和研究人员。好的资源都涌入私人医疗机构，公立医院要想得到高级研究和医疗人员，其难度就越来越大了。随着私立医院逐渐成为医疗服务的中坚，公立医院已成为无人问津的场所。

[ 本帖最后由 7月流火 于 2009-10-12 11:05 编辑 ]

DBDDA

背完一遍，你就向80分靠近了一步！！加油！！！
风中劲草为你的努力叫好！！永远不要放弃！！坚持！！！

Passage 50
The word science is heard so often in modern times that almost everybody has some notion of its meaning. On the other hand, its definition is difficult for many people. The meaning of the term is confused, but everyone should understand its meaning and objectives. Just to make the explanation as simple as possible, suppose science is defined as classified knowledge (facts).

Even in the true sciences distinguishing fact from fiction is not always easy. For this reason great care should be taken to distinguish between beliefs and truths. There is no danger as long as a clear difference is made between temporary and proved explanations. For example, hypotheses and theories are attempts to explain natural phenomena. From these positions the scientist continues to experiment and observe until they are proved or discredited. The exact status of any explanation should be clearly labeled to avoid confusion.
The objectives of science are primarily the discovery and the subsequent understanding of the unknown. Man cannot be satisfied with recognizing that secrets exist in nature or that questions are unanswerable; he must solve them. Toward that end specialists in the field of biology and related fields of interest are directing much of their time and energy.

Actually, two basic approaches lead to the discovery of new information. One, aimed at satisfying curiosity, is referred to as pure science. The other is aimed at using knowledge for specific purposes ---- for instance, improving health, raising standards of living, or creating new consumer products. In this case knowledge is put to economic use. Such an approach is referred to as applied science.

Sometimes practical-minded people miss the point of pure science in thinking only of its immediate application for economic rewards. Chemists responsible for many of the discoveries could hardly have anticipated that their findings would one day result in applications of such a practical nature as those directly related to life and death. The discoveries of one bit of information opens the door to the discovery of another. Some discoveries seem so simple that one is amazed they were not made years ago; however, one should remember that the construction of the microscope had to precede the discovery of the cell. The host of scientists dedicating their lives to pure science are not apologetic about ignoring the practical side of their discoveries; they know from experience that most knowledge is eventually applied.

1. To define science we may simply call it .
[A] the study of unrelated subjects         
[B] an attempt to explain natural phenomena
[C] the study of unrelated fields            
[D] classified knowledge

2. Pure science, leading to the construction of a microscope, .
[A] may lead to antiscientific, “impure” results
[B] necessarily precedes applied science, leading to the discovery of a cell
[C] is not always as pure as we suppose
[D] necessarily results from applied science and the discovery of a cell

3. A scientist interested in adding to our general know1edge about oxygen would probably call his approach .
[A] applied science             [B] agriculture science
[C] pure science                 [D] environmental science

4. Which of the following statements does the author imply?
[A] Scientists engaged in theoretical research should not be blamed for ignoring the practical side of their discoveries.
[B] Today few people have any notions of the meaning of science.
[C] In science, it is not difficult to distinguish fact from fiction.
[D] Practical-minded people can understand the meaning and objectives of pure science.

5. The best title for the passage is  .
[A] The Nature of Science and Scientists         
[B] Biology and the Scientific Age
[C] Hypotheses and Theories                  
[D] On Distinguishing Fact from Fiction

答案出来我会贴出来。

[ 本帖最后由 7月流火 于 2009-10-12 11:43 编辑 ]

答案已经发布了。
我来研究一下我的做题。

2. According to the passage, in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries,hospitals provided mainly food and shelter because__     ___.
[A] the middle class was treated at home by private physicians
all patients were poor
[C] hospitals had little effective medicine to care for the sick
[D] there was no medicine in both private and public hospitals

答案在文中的出处：
Both private and public hospitals provided mainly food and shelter for the impoverished sick, since there was little that medicine could actually do to cure illness, and the middle class was treated at home by private physicians.
由于当时药物治疗疾病的效果甚微，而中产阶级的人士又可以在家里接受私人医生的治疗，所以，公立和私立医院主要为贫穷的病人提供食物和住所。

1.我这个题目也错了，我刚才想了一下这个题主要还是考察了一个FOR后面的对象，
而A说的是中产阶级，我觉得还是应该考察的是给提供食物和住所的人。
C就是一个there was little that medicine could actually do to cure illness的同义替换。
一般考研中，像原句都不会是正确答案。

2.Both private and public hospitals provided mainly food and shelter for the impoverished sick, since there was little that medicine could actually do to cure illness, and the middle class was treated at home by private physicians.
由于当时药物治疗疾病的效果甚微，而中产阶级的人士又可以在家里接受私人医生的治疗，所以，公立和私立医院主要为贫穷的病人提供食物和住所。

我刚才突然想起来。
两个，红色部分，之间的内容是补充说明的成分。
你按照长难句来分析这个句子就知道SINCE是修饰前面半句。
而蓝色部分才真正是两个由AND连接的并列成分。


3. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
[A] The depression of the mid-eighteenth century stimulated the growth of charitable institutions.
The public hospitals began to charge patients because they lost benefactors.
[C] The appearance of health insurance gave the private hospital a steady financial source.
[D] Both private and public hospitals depended on the tax dollars during the colonial times.

答案在文中的出处：
The advent of private hospital health insurance, which provided middle-class patients with the purchasing power to pay for private hospital services, guaranteed the private hospital a regular source of income.

4. According to the passage, the private hospitals have all of the following advantages EXCEPT_____.
[A] highly qualified research staff      

[B] more patients

[C] expensive equipment               

[D] highly qualified medical personnel

答案在文中的出处：

Further, large private medical centers with [C]expensive research equipment und programs have attracted the best administrators, physicians, and researchers.

As a result of the greater resources available to the private medical centers, public hospitals have increasing problems attracting [A&D]highly qualified research and medical personnel.

[ 本帖最后由 7月流火 于 2009-10-12 11:40 编辑 ]

今天给出的要翻译的句子是（请翻译划线部分）：
    But Newton for years had been curious about the cause of the orbital motion of the moon and planets. What kept them in place? Why didn’t they fall out of the sky? The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree answered the question he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens, the moon and the planets.

苹果向下落向地面而不向上飞到树上，这一事实回答了他长期以来一直对天空中更大的“果实”——月球和行星所存在的疑问。

分析：
复合句，the fact后面的that引导同位语从句，解释the fact的具体内容，question后带一个定语从句，该句省略了先行词which，在从句中作ask的直接宾语，himself是间接宾语；the moon and the planets是those larger fruits of the heavens 的同位语。

[ 本帖最后由 7月流火 于 2009-10-13 17:53 编辑 ]

The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree answered the question he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens, the moon and the planets.

事实是苹果落下朝向地球而不是落向树的答案，回答了他已经问自己的关于天空、月球和行星这样的问题。