Passage 50
The word science is heard so often in modern times that almost everybody has some notion of its meaning④[B]. On the other hand, its definition is difficult for many people. The meaning of the term is confused, but everyone should understand its meaning and objectives. Just to make the explanation as simple as possible, suppose science is defined as classified knowledge (facts)①.
Even in the true sciences distinguishing fact from fiction is not always easy④[C]. For this reason great care should be taken to distinguish between beliefs and truths. There is no danger as long as a clear difference is made between temporary and proved explanations. For example, hypotheses and theories are attempts to explain natural phenomena. From these positions the scientist continues to experiment and observe until they are proved or discredited. The exact status of any explanation should be clearly labeled to avoid confusion.
The objectives of science are primarily the discovery and the subsequent understanding of the unknown. Man cannot be satisfied with recognizing that secrets exist in nature or that questions are unanswerable; he must solve them. Toward that end specialists in the field of biology and related fields of interest are directing much of their time and energy.
Actually, two basic approaches lead to the discovery of new information. One, aimed at satisfying curiosity, is referred to as pure science③. The other is aimed at using knowledge for specific purposes ---- for instance, improving health, raising standards of living, or creating new consumer products. In this case knowledge is put to economic use. Such an approach is referred to as applied science③.
Sometimes practical-minded people miss the point of pure science② in thinking only of its immediate application for economic rewards. Chemists responsible for many of the discoveries could hardly have anticipated that their findings would one day result in applications of such a practical nature as those directly related to life and death. The discoveries of one bit of information opens the door to the discovery of another. Some discoveries seem so simple that one is amazed they were not made years ago; however, one should remember that the construction of the microscope② had to precede the discovery of the cell. The host of scientists dedicating their lives to pure science are not apologetic about ignoring the practical side of their discoveries; they know from experience that most knowledge is eventually applied.
1. To define science we may simply call it .
[A] the study of unrelated subjects
[B]an attempt to explain natural phenomena
[C] the study of unrelated fields
[D] classified knowledge
2. Pure science, leading to the construction of a microscope, .
[A] may lead to antiscientific, “impure” results
[B]necessarily precedes applied science, leading to the discovery of a cell
[C] is not always as pure as we suppose
[D] necessarily results from applied science and the discovery of a cell
3. A scientist interested in adding to our general know1edge about oxygen would probably call his approach .
[A] applied science
[B]agriculture science
[C] pure science
[D] environmental science
4. Which of the following statements does the author imply?
[A] Scientists engaged in theoretical research should not be blamed for ignoring the practical side of their discoveries.
[B]Today few people have any notions of the meaning of science.
[C] In science, it is not difficult to distinguish fact from fiction.X
[D] Practical-minded people can understand the meaning and objectives of pure science.
5. The best title for the passage is .
[A] The Nature of Science and Scientists
[B]Biology and the Scientific AgeX
[C] Hypotheses and Theories X
[D] On Distinguishing Fact from FictionX
[ 本帖最后由 7月流火 于 2009-10-12 13:08 编辑 ] |
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