William Rutherford FRSE FRS FRCPE (20 April 1839, Ancrum Craig, Roxburghshire - 21 February 1899, 14 Douglas Crescent, Edinburgh) was a Scottish physician and physiologist who was Professor of Physiology at Edinburgh University for 25 years, and contributed to the development of experimental physiology. He was Fullerian Professor of Chemistry from 1872-75.