新东方小印说考研核心词汇速成胜经

niuniu · 发表于 06-6-22 00:05:18

complicated / 5kCmplikeitid / adj. 复杂的, 难解的

[例] The regulations are so complicated that nothing can be made of them by the layman . 这些条例如此复杂，外行什麽也看不懂。

[派生] complicate /5kCmplikeit / v. (使)变复杂

complication /7kCmpli5keiF(E)n / n. 复杂化, (使复杂的)因素n. [医]并发症

colleague / 5kCli:^ / n. 同事, 同僚

[例] My colleagues are all well-known scholars. 我的同事都是知名学者。

[同义] companion ，comrade， friend ，partner，associate， buddy

extend / iks5tend/ v. 扩充, 延伸, 伸展, 扩大[军] 使疏开, 给予, 提供,化出的全文 <英>[律]对(地产等)估价

[例] The headmaster extended our holiday by four days.

校长把我们的假期延长了四天。

[同义] enlarge ， expand

[反义] shrink / FriNk / v. 收缩, (使)皱缩, 缩短

  contract / 5kCntrAkt / n. 合同, 契约, 婚约 v. 使缩短, 感染, 订约

[派生] extension / iks5tenFEn / n. 延长, 扩充, 范围 n. 扩展名

adj. [逻]外延的, 客观现实的

extensive / iks5tensiv / adj. 广大的, 广阔的, 广泛的

resolve / ri5zClv / n. 决心 v. 1决心, 决定, 决心要2(使)分解, 溶解, 解决

vt. 解决

[例] This mixture resolves into two substances.

这混合物会分解成两种物质。

[同义] decide ，determine， settle

[反义] blend / blend / vt. 混和 n. 混和

[派生] resolution / 7rezE5lju:FEn / n. 坚定, 决心, 决定, 决议

   resolute / 5rezElju:t / adj. 坚决的

addition /E5diFEn / n. 加, 加起来, 增加物, 增加, 加法

[例] Our baby brother is an addition to our family.

新出生的弟弟使我们家多了一口人。

[反义] subtraction / sEb5trAkFEn / n. 减少

[固定搭配] in addition 加上, 又, 另外；in addition to 加上, 除...外, 又；with the addition of 外加；

mobility / mEu5biliti / n. 活动性, 灵活性, 迁移率, 机动性

[例] the mobility of a liquid 液体的流动性

[派生] mobile / 5mEubail / adj. 可移动的, 易变的, 机动的 n. 运动物体

stable / 5steibl/ adj. 稳定的

[例] Markets are flourishing and prices are stable. 市场繁荣, 物价稳定。

[同义] barn ，established ，firm， secure ，settled， sound ，steadfast ，steady

informal / in5fC:mEl/ adj. 不正式的, 不拘礼节的

[例] informal dress 便服

[同义] colloquial

[反义] formal / 5fC:mEl / adj. 外形的, 正式的, 合礼仪的, 形式的, 整齐匀称的

n. 正式的社交活动

reliable / ri5laiEbl / adj. 可靠的,可信赖的

[例] It\'s not reliable to judge a man only by his looks.

单凭容貌来判断一个人是不可靠的。

[同义] dependable， devoted ，faithful， loyal ，safe，trustworthy

[反义] unreliable / 5Qnri5laiEbl / adj. 不可靠的

aspect /5Aspekt / n. 样子, 外表, 面貌, (问题等的)方面

[例] The building has a southern aspect. 那座建筑是朝南的。

[同义] appearance ，look ，view

subconscious / 5sQb5kCnFEs / adj. 下意识的

[例] I found it fascinating to learn that the subconscious mind can control our buying habits. 我发现潜意识能够控制我们的购买习惯，这是非常神奇的。

casual / 5kAVjuEl / adj. 偶然的, 不经意的, 临时的

[例] The casual newspaper reader wouldn\'t like long articles on serious subjects every day.

随便看看报纸的人不愿每天看那些有关严肃主题的长文章。

[同义] accidental， chance ，informal， natural，unexpected

[反义] planned /plAnd/ adj. 计划了的, 根据计划的

quantity / 5kwCntiti / n. 量, 数量

[例] Mathematics is the science of pure quantity. 数学是纯粹研究数量的科学。

[同义] amount， measure， multitude， number， portion， sum ，volume

[反义] quality / 5kwCliti / n. 质量, 品质, 性质

[派生] quantify / 5kwCntifai / vt. 确定数 v. 量化

storage / 5stCridV/ n. 贮藏(量), 贮藏库, 存储

[例] We have storage in the attic. 我们在顶楼有储藏室。

[派生] store / stC:, stCE / vt. 贮藏, 贮备, 存储 n. 1商店, 店铺2贮藏, 贮备

delivery /di5livEri / n. 1递送, 交付2分娩 n. [律] 财产等的正式移交发送,传输

[例] There is no delivery of letters on Sundays.

星期日不送信。

[同义] dispatch , transmission

[派生] deliver / di5livE / vt. 递送, 陈述, 释放, 发表(一篇演说等), 交付, 引渡, 瞄准, 给予(打击)

data /5deitE / n. datum的复数, [计] 资料, 数据

[例] I’m afraid you have not sufficient data .

  我想你没有足够的资料。

file / fail / n. 1文件, 档案, 文件夹2锉刀 vt. 1 把...归档, 提出(申请等)2锉, 琢磨 vi. 列队行进, 用锉刀锉

[例] Here\'s our file on the results of the business in the past five years.

这是我们过去五年来经营成绩的案卷。

[同义] catalog ，categorize， classify， grind， group ，march， parade，

telecommunication / 5telikEmju:ni5keiFEn / n. 电讯, 长途通讯, 无线电通讯, 电信学

[例] Telecommunications is an important area of professional growth.

电信学是增加专业知识的重要领域

via / 5vaiE, 5vi:E/ prep. 经, 通过, 经由

[例] I sent a message to Mary via her brother. 我托玛丽的兄弟把信带给她。

bombard / 5bCmbB:d / vt. 炮轰；轰击

[例] The spokesman was bombarded with questions on the press conference.

新闻发布会上那位发言人遭到了连珠炮般的发问。

[同义] attack ，open fire ，shell ，torpedo

multitude /5mQltitju:d / n. 1多数2群众

[例] He has a multitude of friend. 他有许多朋友。

instant /5instEnt / adj. 立即的, 直接的, 紧迫的, (食品)速溶的, 方便的, n. (某一)时刻瞬息; 霎时 [口]可速食的食物; 速溶饮料

[例] He paused for an instant. 他停了一会儿。

[同义] immediate ，moment， pressing ，prompt

[派生] instantly / 5instEntli / adv. 立即地, 即刻地

occurrence / E5kQrEns/ n. 1发生, 出现2事件, 发生的事情

[例] the occurrence of an accident 意外的发生

[同义] event , happening , incident

[派生] occur / E5kE: / vi. 发生, 出现

expertise / 7ekspE5ti:z / n. 专家的意见, 专门技术

[例] We admired the expertise of the racing driver .

  我们很欣赏那赛车手的高超技术。

[同义] knowledge

teleconferencing / teli5kCnfErEnsiN / n. 电信会议

[例] Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site.
通过远程会议，专家知识可以在全世界范围内被分享，而争论的问题能够得到解决，同时相关人员也不必离开他们的家庭或工作跑到一个遥远的开会地点。

dispute / dis5pju:t / v. 1争论, 辩论, 怀疑2抗拒, 阻止 n. 争论, 辩论, 争吵

[例] Our team disputed the visitors\' claim to the championship.

我们队伍与客队争夺锦标

[同义] argue, bicker, contest ,debate, fight, oppose ,quarrel ,resist

[反义] agree / E5^ri: / vi. 同意, 赞成...的意见, 与...一致, 承认, 适合

vt. 同意

[派生] disputation / 7dispju(:)5teiFEn / n. 争论, 驳斥, 议论

[固定搭配] in dispute with 与…有争议；under dispute 在争论中；在辩论中；

participant / pB:5tisipEnt / n. 参与者, 共享的 adj. 参与的

[例] participants in a card game 参加玩纸牌的人

[派生] participate / pB:5tisipeit / vi. 参与, 参加, 分享, 分担

   participation / pB:7tisi5peiFEn / n. 分享, 参与

facilitate / fE5siliteit/ vt.（不以人作主语的）使容易, 使便利, 推动, 帮助, 使容易, 促进

[例] It would facilitate matters if you were more co-operative

你再合作些，事情就会变得更容易。

[同义] assist ，ease， help ，speed

[反义] hinder / 5hindE / adj. 后面的 v. 阻碍, 打扰

[派生] facilitation / fE9sIlI`teiFEn / n. 简易化, 助长

complexity / kEm5pleksiti / n. 复杂(性), 复杂的事物, 复杂性

[例] The complexity of the road map puzzled me.

错综复杂的公路图把我搞糊涂了。

[同义] complication

[反义] simplicity / sim5plisiti / n. 简单, 简易, 朴素, 直率

[派生] complex / 5kCmpleks / adj. 复杂的, 合成的, 综合的 n. 联合体

accurate / 5Akjurit/ adj. 正确的, 精确的

[例] Is this watch accurate？这只表准吗?

[同义] perfect

[反义] inaccurate / in5Akjurit / adj. 错误的, 不准确的

[派生] accuracy / 5AkjurEsi / n. 精确性, 正确度

critical / 5kritikEl / adj. 1评论的, 鉴定的, 批评的2危急的, 临界的

[例] A critical temperature of water is 100 ℃, its boiling point at standard atmospheric pressure.

在标准大气压力下，水的沸点为100 ℃

[同义] crucial， decisive ，faultfinding ，pressing，urgent

[反义] complimentary / 7kCmpli5ment(E)ri / adj. 问候的, 称赞的, 夸奖的, 免费赠送的

[派生] criticize / 5kritisaiz / v. 批评, 责备

四、强化练习

1.    The world is full of _____ networks that scientists would like to better understand---human social systems, for example, or food webs in nature. But discerning patterns of organization in such vast, complex systems is no easy task.

A. signal    B. distinct    C. dizzy    D. complicated

2.    As Internet users quickly discover, an enormous amount of health information is available online. Finding _____ and reliable information on genetic and rare diseases among the millions of online sources is a difficult task for almost everyone.

A. accurate    B. easy    C. invalid    D. abundant

3.    RESOLVE of Ohio, Inc. is a chapter of a national nonprofit organization that provides education, advocacy, and support for those who experience infertility or need information about any ______ of family building or infertility resolution .

A. fashion    B. vogue    C. aspect    D. fatigue

4.    Any institution that evaluates a faculty member on volume of publication without considering the quality of the work does not deserve to be considered a university. Thus, I vigorously reject the notion that in an expanding age of knowledge, reduction of the ______ of scholarship published is a viable solution.

A. quantity    B. quality    C. patent    D. fare

5.    Pickering is grateful for the federal largesse, even as many of his Republican ______ raise alarms about the government’s exploding deficit spending.

A. classmates B. students    C. fancy    D. colleagues

6.    I shall limit my remarks about a ______ to the scholarly journals portion of the problem. While scholarly journals are not all of the problem, they are the most acute part of it.

A. deprive    B. deny    C. solution    D. descend

7.    How many times have you bought something that consciously you knew you couldn’t afford, but _______ you imagined the pleasure and positive emotions you would receive as a result of buying it?

A. consequently B. artificially C. subsequently D. subconsciously

8.    Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas said he would_______ Ariel Sharon with demands at a forthcoming Middle East summit and reiterated calls on Palestinian movements to stop carrying weapons in public and internal fighting in the Gaza Strip.

A. collide    B. bombard C. crash    D. deprive

9.    With over 100 articles and original pieces, the encyclopedia provides a comprehensive survey of _______ education and lifelong learning.

A. informal    B. conditional C. transient D. confidential

10. The meeting’s emphasis is on the nature of the specific contractual bonds between _________.

A. conducts    B. actions    C. participants D. juries

答案：DACAD CDBAC

考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 34

一、    真题文章（1995年text 4）

Personality is to a large extent inherent——A-type-parents usually bring about A-type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children.

　　One place where children soak up A-characteristics is school , which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the \'win at all costs\' moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system , in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides , the first marathon runner , dropped dead seconds after saying: \' Rejoice, we conquer! \'

　　By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable , but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.

　　Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A-youngsters change into B\' s. The world needs A types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child\' s personality to his possible future employment . It is top management .

If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions , especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A-type stock. B\'s are important and should be encouraged.

二、    译文

性格从很大程度上来说是遗传的——A性格的父母通常养育的儿女也是A性格的。但是环境一定也起了很重要的作用，因为如果竞争对父母是重要的，那么竞争在子女的生活中也是一个重要的因素。

养成A类性格的地方之一就是学校，从本质上说，学校是一个高度竞争的机构。有太多的学校把“不惜一切赢取胜利”作为道德标准，并夸耀成就来衡量他们的胜利。现在，学校热情地鼓励孩子们和同学竞赛与时间赛跑，这就产生了一个两层系统，在这个系统里，其中有竞争意识的A性格学生似乎在很多方面都优于B性格的学生。但是，对胜利太热衷也会导致危险的结果：还记得第一个马拉松运动员Pheidippides，在说完“欢庆吧，我们胜利了！”之后，就倒下死掉了。

到目前为止，学校竞争中最糟糕的形式是对考试的过分强调。很少有学校允许学生专注于自己擅长的事情。用考试来竞争的优点在某种程度上是值得怀疑的，但是明知道会失败还要参加竞争，这对学生的影响是非常不好的。

显然，让A性格的年轻人全部转变为B性格的，这样做既不切实际，也不值得。这个世界需要各种各样的性格，学校有一个重要的职责就是使学生的性格能适合他们将来可能的职业，这才是管理的最高境界。

如果学校对学业的关注少一些，而多花些时间来培养学生的价值观。也许挑选护理专业（尤其是医药专业）的从业人员时，可以更少的考虑些化学的成绩高低，而更多的考虑些细心和同情心这样的因素。只从A性格的人里挑选医生，这显然不对，B性格的人也很重要，也应该加以鼓励。

三、    考研核心词汇

extent / iks5tent / n. 1广度, 宽度, 范围, 程度2 [律]<英>扣押, <美>临时所有权令

[例] I agree with you to some extent.

我部分地同意你。

[固定搭配] to some extent 某种程度上

inherent / in5hiErEnt / adj. 固有的, 内在的, 与生俱来的

[例] Polarity is inherent in a magnet.

极性是磁铁的固有性质。

[同义] existing， instinctive ，internal， natural

[反义] acquired / E5kwaiEd / adj.已获得的, 已成习惯的, 后天通过自己的努力得到的

offspring / 5RfsprIN; (?@) 5C:f- / n.1(单复数同形)儿女, 子孙, 后代2产物

[例] the offspring of modern times 近代的产物

[同义] child ，descendant ，young

profound / prE5faund / adj. 深刻的, 意义深远的, 渊博的, 造诣深的

[例] We had a profound lesson in ideological education yesterday.

昨天我们上了一堂深刻的思想教育课。

[同义] deep ，extreme， great， intense， serious

[反义] shallow / 5FAlEu / adj. 浅的, 浅薄的

soak / sEuk / v. 浸, 泡, 浸透 n. 浸透

[例] The speaker paused to let her words soak in.

讲话者暂停了一下，以便她的话被人们理解

[同义] drench ，saturate， sop ，steep， wet

[反义] dry / drai / adj. 干的, 干燥的, 口渴的 vt.(使)干燥, (使)变干

v.干燥

characteristic / 7kAriktE5ristik / adj. 特有的, 表示特性的, 典型的

n.特性, 特征

[例] What are the characteristics that distinguish the Chinese from the

Japanese?

中国人区别于日本人的特征是什么?

[派生] character / 5kAriktE / n.(事物的)特性, 性质, 特征(的总和), 品质, 字符, 性格, 特征, 人物vt.写, 刻, 印, 使具有特征

institution / 7insti5tju:FEn / n. 1公共机构, 协会2制度

[例] Marriage became an institution in ancient societies.

婚姻在古代社会就已经成为一种制度。

moral / 5mCrEl / adj. 道德(上)的, 精神的n. 道德

[例] \"The old gentleman claimed himself to be a very moral man, who

had never told a lie in his life.\"

\"这位老先生声称自己是个很有道德的人,他一生中从未说过一次谎。\"

[同义] ethical , honorable, virtuous

[反义] immoral / i5mCrEl / adj.不道德的, 邪恶的, 放荡的, 淫荡的

[派生] morality / mR5rAlItI/ adj. 道德的 n. 道德

current / 5kQrEnt / adj. 1当前的, 通用的, 流通的, 现在的 2草写的,

n. 1 涌流, 趋势2电流, 水流, 气流

[例] Newspapers influence the current of thought.

报纸影响思想潮流。

[同义] flow, happening ,present, prevalent ,stream

[派生] currency / 5kQrEnsi / n. 流通

niuniu · 发表于 06-6-22 00:06:31

passion / 5pAFEn / n. 激情, 热情

[例] His skills as a player don\'t quite match his passion for the game.

他的水平与他对这项游戏的酷爱程度不太相配

[同义] affection, enthusiasm ,fervor, fondness, love

[派生] passionate / 5pAFEnit / adj.充满热情的

keen / ki:n / adj. 1锋利的, 敏锐的, 敏捷的2热心的, 渴望的

[例] A keen north wind was blowing.

刮着刺骨的北风。

[同义] acute ,bright ,clever , quick, sharp

[反义] blunt / blQnt / adj. 钝的, 生硬的

consequence / 5kCnsikwEns / n. 结果, [逻]推理, 推论, 因果关系, 重要的地位

[例] As a consequence of being in hospital, Shelly decided that she wanted

to become a nurse.

由于在医院的缘故，谢莉决定当一名护士。

[反义] cause / kC:z / n. 原因, 动机, 理由, 根据, 目标, 理想, 事业 vt. 引起, 惹起, 使(发生), 促成

[派生] consequent /5kCnsikwEnt /    adj. 作为结果的, 随之发生的

consequently / 5kRnsIkwEntlI / adv. 从而, 因此

rejoice / ri5dVCis / v. (使)欣喜, (使)高兴, 喜悦

[例] I rejoice to hear your success.

听到你的成功我很高兴。

[同义] celebrate , cheer, delight , encourage , inspire

[反义] grieve / ^ri:v / v. (使)悲痛, (使)伤心, 忧伤

conquer / 5kCNkE / vt.1 征服, 战胜, 占领2克服(困难等), 破(坏习惯等)

[例] \"According to the textbook of history, the Normans conquered England

in 1066.\"

据历史书记载诺曼底人于一零六六年占领了英格兰。

[同义] crush , defeat , overtake , triumph , vanquish , win

[反义] surrender / sE5rendE / vt. 交出, 放弃, 使投降, 听任 vi.投降, 自首 n. 交出, 放弃, 投降

disproportionate / 7disprE5pC:FEnit / adj. 不成比例

[例] a supply in disproportion with the demand 供求的不均衡

[反义] proportionate / prE5pC:FEnit / adj. 成比例的 v. 成比例

rare / rZE / adj. 1稀罕的, 杰出的, 珍贵的2(肉类)半熟的 adv. 非常

[例] That bird is very rare in this country.

那种鸟在这个国家很稀有。

[同义] infrequent, peculiar, scarce, sparse, uncommon , unusual

[反义] dense / dens / adj. 密集的, 浓厚的

concentrate / 5kCnsentreit / v. 集中, 浓缩

[例] We concentrated on the task before us.

我们专注于眼前的任务

[同义] focus , intensify , strengthen

[反义] distract / dis5trAkt / v. 转移

merit / 5merit / n. 1优点2价值 v. 有益于

[例] There\'s little merit in passing the driving test if you don\'t have a car of

your own.

\"如果你没有自己的汽车,通过驾驶考试也没什么价值。\"

[同义] excellence , fineness, goodness , quality , value , worth

[反义] defect / di5fekt / n. 过失, 缺点

youngster / 5jQNstE / n. 年青人, 少年

[例] In fact, fashion clothes had become indispensable part of youngster\'s life.

  事实上时尚服装已成为年轻人生活当中不可缺少的一部分。

[同义] child, kid, minor , youth

[反义] oldster / 5EuldstE / n. 老人

preoccupation / pri(:)7Ckju5peiFEn / n. 1当务之急2出神3令人全神贯事物

[例] Money was their chief preoccupation.

钱是他们所专注的东西

academic / 7AkE5demik / adj. 学院的, 理论的

[例] He has no academic qualifications, but he is highly educated .

他没有正式的学历，但他的学问是很高深的。

[派生] academy / E5kAdEmi / n. (高等)专科院校, 研究院, 学会, 学术团体, 学院

sensitivity / 5sensi5tiviti / n. 敏感, 灵敏(度), 灵敏性

[例] tactile sensitivity 触觉

[派生] sensitive / 5sensitiv / adj. 敏感的, 灵敏的, 感光的

sympathy / 5simpEWi / n. 同情, 同情心

[例] I have been a prisoner, so I have a lot of sympathy with other people

in prison.

我曾经是个犯人，因此我对其他在监狱里的人深表同情。

[同义]compassion，condolence，mercy， pity

[反义]antipathy / An5tipEWi / n. 憎恶, 反感

[派生] sympathetic / 7simpE5Wetik / adj. 有同情心的, 合意的, 赞成的

n. [解]交感神经, 容易感受的人

exclusively /Ik5sklu:sIvlI/ adv. 排外地, 专有地

[例] This sample room is exclusively for women.

这试衣室仅供妇女使用。

[反义] inclusively adv.包含地, 在内地

[派生] exclusive / iks5klu:siv / adj. 1排外的, 孤高的, 独占的, 唯一的2高级的

四、    强化练习

1.    Stewart initially said she doubted her trip would be approved in time but Canadian immigration officials, ______ to avoid a public relations faux pas(失礼), contacted her office to say she would quickly get the permit if she applied for one.

A. dull    B. obsolete C. nearly    D. keen

2.    By taking a major-related part-job, students can not only improve their ______ studies, but gain much experience, experience they will never be able to get from the textbooks.

A. academic B. classic C. empty    D. desolate

3.    My suggestions to deal with the problem are as follows. To begin with, it is urgent to create nature reserves. Secondly, certain _____ wild animals that are going to be extinct should be collected, fed and reproduced artificially. Finally, those who hunter them must be punished severely.

A. common B. ordinary C. rare    D. seen

4.    What\'s more, living in school can save them a great deal of time on the way between home and school everyday, so they would be able to ______ more time and energy on their academic work.

A. contract    B. connect C. delete    D. concentrate

5.    Parents should be encouraged to send their children to nursery schools, which will bring about ____ impacts on children and families, and even the society as a whole.

A. deteriorated B. profound    C. rot    D. contextual

6.    Some argue that the evaporation of the bubble of IT economy is the signal of the end of the game. I think they may be right to some _____.

A. extent    B. domain    C. region    D. category

7.    \"I am sure that vast majority of ordinary Muslims feel a sense of immense outrage and _______ and shame at the attacks,\" said Muslim Ibrahim Kamahl.

A. contribution B. devoted    C. praise    D. sympathy

8.    The combination of Information Home for Farmers with rural specialized associations helps improve the ______ for market of these associations and increased the compatibility of agricultural products.

A. doom    B. sensitivity C. capability D. sensation

9.    From these results, the scientists developed a mathematical model to describe the _______ stability of wet sand.

A. greedy    B. graceful    C. eloquent D. inherent

10. As a _______ of globalization, road transport links do not stop at frontiers of continents, said Martin Marmy , IRU\'s secretary-general, at the conference.

A. eminent    B. contemporary C. consequence D. content

答案：DACDB ADBDC

考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 35

一、    真题文章（1995年text 5）

That experiences influence subsequent behavior is evidence of an obvious but nevertheless remarkable activity called remembering. Learning could not occur without the function popularly named memory. Constant practice has such as effect on memory as to lead to skillful performance on the piano, to recitation of a poem, and even to reading and understanding these words. So-called intelligent behavior demands memory , remembering being a primary requirement for reasoning. The ability to solve any problem or even to recognize that a problem exists depends on memory. Typically, the decision to cross a street is based on remembering many earlier experiences .

　　Practice (or review) tends to build and maintain memory for a task or for any learned material. Over a period of no practice what has been learned tends to be forgotten; and the adaptive consequences may not seem obvious. Yet, dramatic instances of sudden forgetting can seem to be adaptive. In this sense, the ability to forget can be interpreted to have survived through a process of natural selection in animals. Indeed, when one\'s memory of an emotionally painful experience lead to serious anxiety, forgetting may produce relief. Nevertheless, an evolutionary interpretation might make it difficult to understand how the commonly gradual process of forgetting survived natural selection.

　　In thinking about the evolution of memory together with all its possible aspects, it is helpful to consider what would happen if memories failed to fade. Forgetting clearly aids orientation in time, since old memories weaken and the new tend to stand out, providing clues for inferring duration. Without forgetting, adaptive ability would suffer, for example ,learned behavior that might have been correct a decade ago may no longer be. Cases are recorded of people who (by ordinary standards) forgot so little that their everyday activities were full of confusion. This forgetting seems to serve that survival of the individual and the species.

Another line of thought assumes a memory storage system of limited capacity that provides adaptive flexibility specifically through forgetting. In this view, continual adjustments are made between learning or memory storage ( input) and forgetting (output) . Indeed, there is evidence that the rate at which individuals forget is directly related to how much they have learned. Such data offers gross support of contemporary models of memory that assume an input-output balance.

二、    译文

过去的经历能影响随后的行为，这种显而易见但却十分重要的行为叫做记忆。如果没有记忆这种功能，学习行为就不可能发生。不断的饿练习对记忆产生影响，使我们能够熟练地演奏钢琴，背诵诗歌，阅读和理解文字。所谓的智力行为需要记忆，记忆也是推理的基础。解决问题能力，甚至识别问题的能力，都要依靠记忆。例如，作出穿越马路的决定就是建立在此前经历的记忆的基础之上的。

练习（或者复习）能够建立和巩固对事情或学到的知识的记忆。如果一段时间没有练习，学到的东西就可能忘掉，这种适应的结果可能并不明显，但是突然性的遗忘就可以看作是适应的结果了。从这个意义上来说，遗忘的能力可以理解成，是在动物的自然选择过程中保留下来的。确实如此，一段令人痛苦的记忆会导致严重的焦虑不安，这时遗忘可以缓解痛苦。然而，这种解释很难真正让人了解，普通的缓慢遗忘过程是怎样从自然选择的过程中保留下来的。

在考虑记忆的进化问题时，可以思考一下，如果记忆永远不会淡忘，那会出现什么情况呢？很显然，遗忘有助于时间上的调整，因为旧的记忆会褪色，而新的记忆会变的更加明显，使我们能够推测事情发生的时间先后。如果不遗忘，人的适应能力就会受到破坏，比如：十年前正确的行为十年后可能已经不再正确了。在一些病历中，有的人遗忘的太少（和普通人相比），以至于他们的行为充满了混淆。这样看来，遗忘似乎有助于个人和整个人类的生存。

另一种猜想是存储记忆的系统的容量是有限的，因此通过遗忘灵活地进行调整。在学习或者记忆存储（输入）和遗忘（输出）之间不断进行着调整。实际上，有证据表明一个人遗忘的速度和他学习的速度是直接相关的，这些数据完全证明了当代的输入-----输出平衡的记忆模式。

三、    考研核心词汇

influence / 5influEns / n. 1影响, 感化, 势力；有影响的人(或事)2(电磁)感应 vt. 影响, 改变

[例] My parents considered my friend to be a bad influence on me.

我父母认为我朋友对我有不良影响

[同义] affect ， induce， move ，persuade ，prejudice， sway

niuniu · 发表于 06-6-22 00:06:38

subsequent / 5sQbsikwEnt / adj. 后来的, 并发的

[例] subsequent events 随后发生的一些事件

[同义] following ，later， next

[反义] previous / 5pri:vjEs / adj. 在前的, 早先的 adv. 在...以前，返回上一级菜单

[派生] subsequence / 5sQbsikwEns / n. 后继, 随后

evidence / 5evidEns / n. 1明显, 显著, 明白2迹象, 根据, [物]证据, 证物

[例] Can you show me any evidence for your statement?

你能给我看你供词的证据吗？

[同义] clue ，data， indication ，proof ，sign

[派生] evident / 5evidEnt / adj. 明显的, 显然的

evidently / 5evidEntli / adv. 明显地, 显然

obvious / 5CbviEs, -vjEs / adj. 明显的, 显而易见的

[例] Indeed, there are many obvious advantages to a five-day week.

的确,实行五天工作制有许多明显的优点。

[同义] apparent ，clear ，distinct， evident ，explicit manifest， plain

[反义] obscure / Eb5skjuE / adj. 暗的, 朦胧的, 模糊的, 晦涩的

vt. 使暗, 使不明显

[派生] obviously / 5RbvIEslI / adv. 明显地

nevertheless / 7nevETE5les / conj. 然而, 不过 adv. 仍然, 不过

[例] She was very tired, nevertheless she kept on working.

她虽然很疲倦，可仍在继续工作。

[同义] although ，anyway ，but ， regardless

remarkable / ri5mB:kEbl / adj. 不平常的, 非凡的, 显著的

[例] Your work has been remarkable this week.

这星期你的工作很出色。

[同义] exceptional ，extraordinary ，great ， notable， noteworthy， special [派生] remark / ri5mB:k / n. 备注, 评论, 注意, 注释 vt. 评论,

注意, 谈及 vi. 谈论

function / 5fQNkFEn / n. 1官能, 功能, 作用, 职责2典礼, 仪式, [数]函数

vi. (器官等)活动, 运行, 行使职责

[例] The old machine won\'t function properly if you don\'t oil it regularly.

那台旧机器如果不经常加油是不能正常运转的。

[同义] act， ceremony ，exercise， gathering ，operate ，perform， rite， ritual ，serve ，service， work

[派生] functional / 5fQNkFEnl / adj. 功能的

constant / 5kCnstEnt / n. [数、物]常数, 恒量 adj. 不变的, 持续的, 坚决的

[例] An absolute constant is fixed and can not be changed.

绝对常数是固定而不可以改变的。

[反义] inconstant / in5kCnstEnt / adj. 变化无常的

[派生] constantly / 5kRnstEntlI / adv. 不变地, 经常地, 坚持不懈地

recitation / resI5teIF(E)n / n. 朗诵, 背诵, 叙述, 背诵的东西

[例] Recitation works for several reasons: First, when you know you are going to recite something in your own words, you pay more attention. Second, you get immediate feedback.

背诵有几个理由：第一，当你知道你将要用自己的话来背诵些东西的时候你就会更加注意。第二，你能够立刻得到反馈。

[派生] recite / ri5sait / v. 背诵, 朗读, 叙述, [律]书面陈述(事实)

recital / ri5saitl / n. 朗诵, 背诵, 叙述, 独奏会, 独唱会

intelligent / in5telidVEnt / adj. 聪明的, 有才智的, [计]智能的

[例] The most intelligent students do additional reading to supplement the material in the textbook.

最聪明的学生用增加阅读量来补充课本的内容。

[同义] aware ，bright， perceptive， rational ，sensible， understanding

[派生] intelligence / in5telidVEns / n. 智力, 聪明, 智能

reasoning / 5ri:zEniN / n. 推理, 评理, 论证 adj. 推理的

[例] His close reasoning gave fibre to his argument.

他严密的逻辑使他的论点强劲有力。

[派生] reason / 5ri:zn / n. 理由, 原因, 动机, 理智, 前提 vt. 说服, 推论, 辩论 vi. 推论, 劝说, 思考

reasonable / 5ri:znEbl / adj. 合理的, 有道理的, 通情达理的, 讲道理的

maintain / men5tein / vt. 1维持；维修, 供养2主张

[例] He failed again and again simply because he had maintained his defeatist attitude.

因为他一直坚持失败主义的态度,所以失败了一次又一次。

[同义] bear， keep ，possess ，preserve ， retain， save， support sustain， uphold

[反义] abandon / E5bAndEn / vt. 放弃, 遗弃 n. 放任, 狂热

[派生] maintenance / 5meintinEns / n. 维护, 保持, 生活费用, 扶养

adaptive / E5dAptiv / adj. 适应的

[例] What we can do is to develop our adaptive abilities to deal with the situation .

我们所能做的就是培养自己的适应能力去适应这种情况。

[派生] adapt / E5dApt / vt. 使适应, 改编

adaptable / E5dAptEbl / adj. 能适应的, 可修改的

instance / 5instEns / n. 1实例2建议, 要求3情况, 场合 vt. 举...为例；获得例证

[例] There are many instances of good people and good deeds nowadays.

现时好人好事的例子很多。

[同义] case ，circumstance， example ，occasion

[固定搭配] at the instance of 应…的请求；for instance 例如，举例说；

anxiety / AN^5zaiEti / n. 忧虑, 焦急, 渴望, 热望

[例] For some people, air travel is a real anxiety.

对一些人来说，飞机旅行是真正使他们焦虑的

[反义] ease / i:z / n. 安逸, 安心, 不费力, 悠闲 vt. 使悠闲, 使安心, 减轻, 放松 vi. 减弱, 减轻, 放松, 灵活地移动

[派生] anxious / 5ANkFEs / adj. 观念的, 担忧的, 渴望的, 盼望的

relief / ri5li:f / n. 1(痛苦等的)减轻2债务等的)免除3救济, 调剂, 安慰

[例] I felt great relief when I heard I had passed the examination.

听说我已经通过了考试，感到轻松多了。

[同义] aid， alleviation ，alternate， assistance， ease， freedom ， release

[派生] relieve / ri5li:v / vt. 减轻, 解除, 援救, 救济, 换班

relievable / ri5li:vEbl / adj. 可减轻的

gradual / 5^rAdjuEl / adj. 逐渐的, 逐步的, 渐进的

[例] There has been a gradual increase in the number of families owning refrigerators.

拥有电冰箱的家庭数一直在逐步增加。

[同义] little by little， slow

[派生] gradually / 5^rAdjJElI / adv. 逐渐地

fade / feid / vi. 1(声音等)减弱下去, 褪色2枯萎, 凋谢 vt. 使褪色

n. 淡入, 淡出 adj. 乏味的, 平淡的

[例] The lights and music faded as we set sail from the harbor.

当我们从海港起航时，光线逐渐变暗，音乐声逐渐减弱

[同义] bleach， decline， dim， droop， dull， fail ， weaken

[反义] bloom / blu:m / n. 花, 旺盛, 青春 v. (使)开花, (使)繁盛

clue / klu: / n. 线索

[例] The police found a clue which will help them catch the robber.

警察发现了能帮助他们抓住强盗的线索。

[同义] evidence， hint， key ，lead ，proof，sign

duration / djuE5reiFEn / n. 持续时间, 为期

[例] We hope the war will be short duration.

我们希望战争是短期的。

[同义] period， term ，time

confusion / kEn5fju:VEn / n. 混乱, 混淆

[例] Words like“ believe” and “receive” are a source of confusion in spelling.

诸如 believe和 receive 这样的词在拼写上容易混淆。

[反义] order / 5C:dE / n. 1次序, 顺序, 正常(工作)状态, 秩序2会议规则3命令, 定购, 定单 vt. 命令, 定购, 定制

[派生] confuse / kEn5fju:z / vt. 搞乱, 使糊涂

confused / kEn5fju:zd / adj. 困惑的, 烦恼的

species / 5spi:Fiz / n. 种类, (原)核素 n. [律]式样 n. [宗]圣餐物

[例] Some species of animals have become extinct because they could not adapt to a changing environment.

\"有一些动物已经灭种了,因为它们不能适应环境的变化。\"

[同义] class ，group， kind， sort ，type， variety

assume / E5sju:m / vt. 1假定, 设想2采取, 呈现

[例] I assume you always get up at the same time.

我想你总是在同一个时间起床。

[同义] adopt， believe， presume ，put on ，suppose ，suspect， think

[反义] conclude / kEn5klu:d / v. 结束, 终止, 决定, 作出结论 vt. 推断, 断定, 缔结, 议定

[派生] assumption / E5sQmpFEn / n. 假定, 设想, 担任, 承当, 假装, 作态

flexibility / 7fleksE5biliti / n. 弹性, 适应性

[例] The flexibility of a man\'s muscles will lessen as he becomes old.

人老了肌肉的柔韧性将降低。

[派生] flexible / 5fleksEbl / adj. 柔韧性, 易曲的, 灵活的

adjustment / E5dVQstmEnt / n. 1调整, 调节2调节器

[例] The government decided to make minor adjustments in oil prices .

  政府决定对石油价格略做调整。

[派生] adjust / E5dVQst / vt. 调整, 调节, 校准, 使适合

gross / ^rEus / adj. 总的, 毛重的 n. 总额 vt 总共赚得

[例] The company grossed over $5000000 last year.

该公司去年总共获利在500万美元以上。

[同义] total ， vulgar，whole

[反义] net / net / n. 1网, 网络, 网状物2净利, 实价 adj. 净余的, 纯的vt. 用网捕, 净赚, 得到 vi. 编网

contemporary / kEn5tempErEri / n. 同时代的人 adj. 当代的, 同时代的

[例] Shelley and Keats were contemporaries.

雪莱和济慈是同一时代的人

四、    强化练习

1．By the middle of the twentieth century, painters and sculptors in the United States had begun to exert a great worldwide ________ over art.

A. influence    B. consultant    C. access    D. expect

2．In 1976, something truly ________ happened to the Olympic Flame – it was transformed into an electric pulse, the pulse was then transmitted to an orbiting satellite, and finally, it was converted into a laser beam to relight the Flame!

A. civil    B. remarkable    C. national D. false

3．A dead chicken that has waited four days in Macedonia for its trip to a British laboratory equipped to check it for ________ of bird flu is finally getting a flight out, courtesy of the Royal Air Force.

A. show    B. exhibition    C. diversion    D. evidence

4．China flew a 49-member rescue team and tons of materials to Pakistan yesterday as a first batch of _______ to its quake-hit neighbor.

A. sink    B. relief    C. cherish    D. devote

5．Too many policymakers and intelligence officers mistake secrecy for intelligence and ______ that information covertly(偷偷摸摸地) acquired is superior to that obtained openly.

A. assume B. deviate C. flee       D. fluctuate

6．______ reigned for hours after the disaster, reflecting sometimes inefficient government in this West African nation of 130 million people and its freewheeling air transport system in which a dozen local airlines fly from chaotic airports where crowds fight over seats in planes.

A. Fling    B. Confusion C. Designation D. Capital

7．We wonder that age should be feeble and querulous, -- that the freshness of youth should______ away.

A. increase    B. deal    C. give    D. fade

8．Gains in Asia were led by demand for juice drinks such as Orange Pulp by Minute Maid in China, a country that had 9.1 percent _____ domestic product growth last year and which now represents 4 percent of Coke’s global volume.

A. heavy    B. gross    C. little    D. light

9．It also said it would invest another US$500 million to ______ its 9 percent stake in CCB when it is listed.

A. maintain    B. balance    C. weigh    D. measure

10. Scientists say they have found more bones in an Indonesian cave that offer additional evidence of a second human ______ short and hobbit-like that roamed the Earth the same time as modern man.

A. species    B. races    C. tribes    D. aspeccts

答案：ABDBA BDBAA

niuniu · 发表于 06-6-22 00:06:54

一、    真题文章（1996年text 1）

Tight-lipped elders used to say, \"It\'s not what you want in this world, but what you get. \"

Psychology teaches that you do get what you want if you know what you want and want the right things.
   You can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house, and each of us is continually making these blueprints in the general routine of everyday living. If we intend to have friends to dinner, we plan the menu, make a shopping list, decide which food to cook first, and such planning is an essential for any type of meal to be served.
   Likewise, if you want to find a job, take a sheet of paper, and write a brief account of yourself. In making a blueprint for a job, begin with yourself, for when you know exactly what you have to offer, you can intelligently plan where to sell your services.
   This account of yourself is actually a sketch of your working life and should include education, experience and references. Such an account is valuable. It can be referred to in filling out standard application blanks and is extremely helpful in personal interviews. While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications , will pay him to employ you and your \"wares\" and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.
   When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something tangible to sell. Then you are ready to hunt for a job. Get all the possible information about your could-be job. Make inquiries as to the details regarding the job and the firm. Keep your eyes and ears open, and use your own judgement . Spend a certain amount of time each day seeking the employment you wish for, and keep in mind: Securing a job is your job now.

二、    译文

出言谨慎的老人们曾经说：“重要的不是在这个世界上你想要什麽，而是你得到了什麽。”

心理学教导人们，如果你知道你想要什麽，并且合乎情理，你就真能得到。

你可以在脑海里勾画一张自己愿望的蓝图，就象盖房子时画的设计图一样。我们每个人在每天的生活中，都在不断地勾画着这样的蓝图。比如，如果我们要请朋友来吃晚餐，我们就会设计菜单，并列出需要买的东西，决定做什麽菜，这些计划工作对任何一顿饭来说都是必要的。

同样，如果你想找一份工作，那就拿一张纸，写一份简历吧。为工作指定蓝图时，要从自己开始。因为只有当你确切知道你可以提供什麽样的服务时，你才可能明智地筹划到哪儿去推销你的服务。

你的简历实际上是对你的职业生涯的简单描述，它应包括教育背景、工作经历和证明材料。这样的一份简历是很有价值的，在填写正式申请表时可以作为参照，面试时尤其有用。在与你谈话时，你未来的雇主就在掂量，如果雇佣你，你所受的教育、工作经历和其他资格是否会使他受益，因为你的“商品”和能力必须要有条不紊地、合情合理地展示出来。

当你已经精心设计好了符合你的能力和愿望的蓝图时，你要推销的就是很实际的内容了，这时你就可以去寻找一个职位。搜集有关你未来可能的职业的一切信息，打听关于这份工作和这个公司的有关细节，用眼去看，用耳去听，然后用自己的头脑来判断。每天花一定的时间去寻找自己希望的工作，同时记住：找工作就是你现在的工作。

三、    考研核心词汇

tight / taIt/ adj. 1紧的, 绷紧的, 紧密的2不漏水(不透气)的, 由压迫产生的 3困难的4吝啬的, 严厉的 adv. 紧紧地

[例] My shoes are laced too tight.

我的鞋系得太紧了

[同义] close， compact， firm ， rigid ， stiff ，stingy， tense ，

[反义] loose / lu:s / n. 解放, 放任, 放纵adj. 宽松的, 不精确的, 不牢固的,散漫的, 自由的 vt. 1释放2放枪3开船 vi. 变松, 开火 adv. 松散地

[派生] tightness / 5taitnis / n. 坚固, 紧密

elder / 5eldE(r)/ n. 年长者, 老人, 父辈 adj. 年长的, 资格老的

[例] Janet is Mary\'s elder sister.

珍尼特是玛丽的姐姐。

[同义] older， senior

[反义] junior / 5dVu:njE / n. 年少者, 晚辈, 下级, (年龄、职位等)较低者, 大学三年级学生 adj. 年少的, 下级的, 后进的

psychology / sai5kClEdVi / n. 心理学, 心理状态

[例] The professor is a specialist of studying a criminal\'s psychology.

这位教授是位研究罪犯心理的专家。

[派生] psychological / 7saikE5lCdVikEl / adj. 心理(上)的

psychologist / psaI`kClEdVIst / n. 心理学者

mental / 5mentl / adj. 精神的, 智力的

[例] He got the answer by mental arithmetic.

他用心算得出了答案。

[反义] physical / 5fizikEl / adj. 身体的, 物质的, 自然的, 物理的 n. 体格检查

blueprint / 5blu:7print /    n. 蓝图, 设计图, 计划 vt. 制成蓝图, 计划

[例] Scientists draft blueprint to protect world oceans.

  科学家们勾画出了保护世界海洋的蓝图。

continually / kEn5tInjJElI / adv. 不断地, 频繁地

[例] The telephone has been ringing continually in the office all morning.

整个早上办公室里的电话铃声不断。

[派生] continual / kEn5tinjuEl / adj. 连续的, 频繁的, 持续不断的

      continue / kEn5tinju: / v. 继续, 连续, 延伸

routine / ru:5ti:n / n. 例行公事, 常规, 日常事务, 程序

[例] I arrive at nine o\'clock, teach until twelve thirty and then have a meal; that

is my morning routine.

我九点钟到，教课教到十二点半，然后吃饭；那是我上午的例行作法。

[同义] arrangement ，habit， method， order ，system

[固定搭配] go into one\'s routine 说自己照例要说的话; 做自己照例要做的事

menu / 5menju: / n. 菜单

[例] Let\'s see what is on the menu today.

让我们看看今天菜单上有什么菜。

[同义] account ， line-up ，list

likewise / 5laik7waiz / adv. 同样地, 照样地, 又, 也 n. 同样地

[例] Mary must go home now, and Alden likewise.

玛丽现在要回家, 奥尔登也要回去。

[同义] also ，moreover ，similarly ，too

brief / bri:f / n. 摘要, 大纲 adj. 简短的, 短暂的 vt. 摘要, (军事)下达简令

[例] To be brief (with you), we can\'t accept such harsh terms.

简单地(对你)说,我们不能接受这样苛刻的条件。

[同义] concise， curt ，short ，terse

[反义] long /lCN / adj. 1长的, 长期的2高的 vi.渴望, 热望

adv.长期地, 始终 n. 长时间, [语音]长音节

[派生] briefly / 5brIflI / adv. 暂时地, 简要地

[固定搭配] in brief 简而言之

account / E5kaunt / n. 1计算, 帐目2说明, 估计3理由 vi.1 说明2总计有3认为vt. 认为

[例] When the inspection group declared that the accounts checked, the staff

all cheered.

当检查组宣布帐目核对无误时,职工们都欢呼了起来。

[同义] description， information， list， reason， record， statement

[派生] accountable / E5kauntEbl / adj. 应负责的, 有责任的, 可解释的

[固定搭配] on account of 因为；由于； not on any account 绝不；千万不要；

on one\'s own account 为了私利；责任自负

reference / 5refrEns / n. 1提及, 涉及2参考, 参考书目3证明书(人), 介绍信(人)

[例] She made frequent references to her promotion.

她时常提到她的升迁

[派生] refer / ri5fE: / vt. 1提交, 谈及2指点把...提交, 使求助于

vi. 1提到, 涉及2查阅, 咨询

application / 7Apli5keiFEn / n. 1请求, 申请, 申请表2应用, 运用, 施用

3应用程序,应用软件

[例] Geometry has practical application in aviation and navigation.

几何学在航空和航海中有其实用性

[派生] apply / E5plai / vt. 申请, 应用 vi. 申请, 适用

blank / blANk / adj. 1空白的, 空着的2失色的, 没有表情的

n. 1空白2<美> 表格

[例] During the exam my mind was a blank.

考试的时候，我的脑子里一片空白

[同义] empty ，vacant ，void

interview / 5intEvju: / vt. 接见, 会见 n. 接见, 会见

[例] I thank you very much indeed for this interview.

非常感谢你这次接见。

[同义] meet, interrogate， question，

[派生] interviewer / `IntEvjU:E(r)/ n. 会见者

interviewee / intEvju:5i: / n. 被接见者, 被访问者

qualification / 7kwClifi5keiFEn / n. 资格, 条件, 限制；赋予资格

[例] What qualifications have you got to have for this job?

申请这个工作你所具有的条件是什么？

[派生] qualify / 5kwClifai / v. (使)具有资格, 证明合格, 限制修饰

vt. 限制, 限定

qualitative / 5kwClitEtiv / adj. 性质上的, 定性的

tangible / 5tAndVEbl / adj. 切实的

[例] Its goal is to translate research into tangible safety innovations.

它的目的是把科研变成切实的、安全的发明。

[同义] actual， concrete， definite， real， substantial， touchable

[反义] intangible / in5tAndVEbl / adj. 难以明了的, 无形的

inquiry / in5kwaiEri / n. 质询, 调查

[例] Have they made any inquiries after me ?

  他们有没有问起我的情况？

[派生] inquire / in5kwaiE / v. 询问, 问明, 查究

四、    强化练习

1.    Most important of all, apart from their hometown and parents, students couldn\'t catch sight of any familiar face and have to suffer from homelessness, which can cause certain serious _________ disease.

A. wrong    B. mental    C. bold    D. harmonious

2.    Yu and Ring fans recommend audiences who ______ to go to the opera but are not familiar with it to buy the book of the four stories and the lyrics.

A. hamper    B. harass    C. intend    D. clarify

3.    Our discussion has been confined to the literal subject matter of Gresham\'s Law, i.e., its _________ to the money sphere(范围).

A. circulation B. implement C. imperative D. applications

4.    \"This will further improve the country\'s international status and national strength, and will help to mobilize its people to rally around the Communist Party and work harder for the future of the country,\" Wu said in a ______ speech to technicians.

A. brief    B. negative    C. infinite D. full

5.    Recently, SEC chairman Cox was cited by some media as saying that CCB doesn\'t choose to go public in the United States because it fails to meet the listing ____ and regulatory requirements of the United States.

A. need    B. qualifications C. satisfaction D. imagine

6.    People seem to fail to take into ______ the fact that education does not end with graduation.

A. count B. account    C. regard    D. scene

7.    \"This core _____, which has been under development since 2002, simplifies our restaurant operations and provides a balance of choices for our customers,\" Riker said.

A. cuff B. cliff    C. menu    D. immunity

8.    With _____ to your letter of April 9, we are pleased to accept your offer of 100 tons of Copper Wire as per your Offer Sheet No.8/070/02B.

A. consider B. according C. literate    D. reference

9.    Nothing wrong with that; indeed, sociologists will tell you that hits are hardwired into human ______, the combinatorial effect of conformity and word of mouth.

A. orbit    B. circle C. understanding D. psychology

10. Part of the daily _____ of most executives is to spend a period of time with his or her assistant, going over projects, dictating letters, discussing appointments to be made etc.

A. routine B. event C. accident    D. incident

答案：BCDAB BCDDA

考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 37

一、    真题文章（1996年Text 2）

With the start of BBC World Service Television, millions of viewers in Asia and America can now watch the Corporation\'s news coverage, as well as listen to it.

And of course in Britain listeners and viewers can tune in to two BBC television channels, five BBC national radio services and dozens of local radio station. They are brought sport , comedy, drama, music, news and current affairs , education , religion , parliamentary coverage, children \' s programs and films for an annual license fee of £83 pounds per household.
   It is a remarkable record, stretching back over 70 years--yet the BBC\' s future is now in doubt. The Corporation will survive as a publicly-funded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programs are now the subject of a nation-wide debate in Britain.
   The debate was launched by the Government , which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC-including ordinary listeners and viewers--to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping. The reason for its inquiry is that the BBC\' s royal charter runs out in 1996 and it must decide whether to keep the organization as it is, or to make changes.
   Defenders of the Corporation-of whom there are many---are fond of quoting the American slogan \"If it ain\'t broke, don\'t fix it. \" The BBC \"ain\' t broke\" , they say, by which they mean it is not broken (as distinct from the word \'broke\' , meaning having no money) , so why bother to change it?
   Yet the BBC will have to change, because the broadcasting world around it is changing. The commercial TV channels---ITV and Channel 4---were required by the Thatcher Government\'s Broadcasting Act to become more commercial, competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting costs and jobs. But it is the arrival of new satellite channels---funded partly by advertising and partly by viewers\' subscriptions---which will bring about the biggest changes in the long term .

二、    译文

随着BBC全球电视网的开通，数以百万计的亚洲和美洲人现在可以收看和收听到BBC的新闻节目了。

当然，英国的观众和听众可以收到两个BBC电视频道，五个BBC全国广播电台和几十个地方电台，每户每年交83英镑的收视费便可收看体育、喜剧、戏剧、音乐、新闻时事、教育、宗教、议会报道、儿童节目及电影。

在过去的70年里，这是一项相当了不起的成绩，但是BBC的未来却前景不明。目前，BBC公司还是由政府资助的，但是现在它的职能、它的规模和它的节目内容在英国上下引起了广泛的争议。

这场争论是由政府引起的，政府邀请任何人——包括普通的听众和观众——对BBC发表意见，评论它的长处和短处，甚至人们是否认为BBC值得保留。政府之所以这麽做，是因为BBC和女皇签定的协约在1996年就要到期了，所以国家必须决定是否要对它做出调整，还是最好维持原状。

公司的捍卫者们——这样的人有很多——喜欢引用美国的广告口号：“如果没坏，就不要修。”而他们认为BBC还没有坏，那干吗这麽麻烦去改变它呢？

但由于广播领域正在发生变化，BBC也应改变自己，以适应新形势。撒切尔政府制定的广播法要求电视频道进一步商业化、搞广告竞争并削减开支与劳务。新卫星电视频道的开播将带来长远的巨变，这些频道部分资金来自广告收入，部分来自用户收视费。

三、    考研核心词汇

corporation / 7kC:pE5reiFEn / n. 1 [律]社团, 法人, 公司, 企业, <美>有限公司, 2(市, 镇的)自治机关

[例] John works for a large American chemical corporation.

约翰为一家美国大化学公司工作。

[同义] business ，company， enterprise， firm ，industry

coverage / 5kQvEridV / n. 覆盖

[例] The coverage of the subject in his botany text is inadequate.

他的植物学教科书中对那题目的叙述不充分。

[派生] cover / 5kQvE / n. 盖子, 封面, 藉口 vt. 覆盖, 铺, 掩饰, 保护, 掩护, 包括, 包含, 适用 vi. 覆盖, 涂, 代替

tune / tju:n / n. 1曲调, 调子2和谐, 合调 vt. 1调音2调整3拨收, 收听, 知道或察觉他人所说的话或表现的情绪

[例] When he began to play a tune, we had our first glimpse of the snake.

当他开始吹奏曲调时,我们才第一次看到那条蛇。

[同义] harmony ，melody， music， song

dozen / 5dQzn / n. 一打, 十二个

[例] There were dozens of people there. 那里有许多人。

[固定搭配] sell by the dozendozen 整打出售；dozens of 许多的

comedy / 5kCmidi / n. 喜剧, 喜剧性的事情

[例] The candidate\'s campaign turned out to be a political comedy of errors.

候选人的运动变成一场行为不正的政治喜剧

[反义] tragedy / 5trAdVidi / n. 悲剧, 惨案, 悲惨, 灾难

religion / ri5lidVEn / n. 宗教, 信仰

[例] Almost every country has some form of religion.

几乎每个国家都有某种宗教信仰形式。

[派生] religionary / ri5lidVEnEri / adj. 宗教的,涉及宗教的

religionist / rI`lIdVEnIst / n. 宗教家, 宗教狂热者

niuniu · 发表于 06-6-22 00:07:11

annual / 5AnjuEl / n. 1一年生植物2年刊, 年鉴 adj. 一年一次的, 每年的,

[例] Corn and beans are annuals . 玉米和豆类都是一年生植物。

fee / fi: / n. 费(会费、学费等), 酬金

[例] The doctor’s fee is $100 per visit . 那医生的出诊费每次一百元。

[同义] charge, fare , toll

household / 5haushEuld / n. 1一家人, 家庭, 家族2王室 adj. 1家庭的, 家族的, 家属的2普通的, 平常的

[例] The whole household was / were up early. 全家人都起得很早。

[同义] brood , family

stretch / stretF / v. 伸展, 伸长 n. 一段时间, 一段路程, 伸展

[例] she stretched herself out on the couch and fell asleep.

她伸躺在沙发椅上睡着了

[同义] distend， extend， spread， strain

[反义] shrink / FriNk / v. 收缩, (使)皱缩, 缩短

fund / fQnd / n. 资金, 基金 v. 支助, 投资

[例] The work is funded by the government. 这项工程由政府提供基金。

[同义] assets ，stock， supply

debate / di5beit / v. 争论, 辩论 n. 争论, 辩论

[例] The government is debating the education laws.

政府正在就教育法进行辩论。

[同义] argue ， discuss ，dispute

[派生] debatable / di5beitEbl / adj. 可争议的

launch / lC:ntF, lB:ntF / n. 1下水, 汽艇, 发射2发行, 投放市场 vt. 1 使(船)下水, 掷(标枪等), 发射(导弹、火箭等)2开办, 发动, 发起vi.1 起飞, 下水2投入, 开始

[例] A bird launched off. 小鸟飞走了。

[同义] fire ，introduce， spring， start

[派生] launching / 5lC:ntFiN7 5lB:ntFiN / n. 下水

charter / 5tFB:tE / vt 租, 包(船、车等) n. 宪章

[例] A royal charter exempted the Massachusetts colony from direct interference by the Crown. 一张皇家的特许状，使马萨诸塞州殖民地免受英王直接干涉。

[同义] hire， lease ，rent ，treaty

defender / di5fendE / n. 防卫者, 拥护者, 辩护者, [运动]卫冕者

[例] defender strategy 防御型战略

[反义] challenger / `tFAlIndVE(r) / n. 挑战者

[派生] defend / di5fend / vt. 防护, 辩护, 防卫, [律]作...的辩护律师

fond / fCnd / adj. [只作表语]喜爱的, 多情的, 喜欢的, 宠爱的, 温柔的

[例] \"Because she\'s fond of books and anxious for knowledge, she frequents the library.\" \"因为她喜欢读书,渴求知识,所以经常去图书馆。\"

[同义] affectionate，liking， loving，

[派生] fondness / `fCndnIs / n. 爱好, 溺爱

quote / kwEut / vt. 引用, 引证, 提供, 提出, 报(价)

[例] The author frequently quoted Shakespeare.

作者经常引用莎士比亚作品里的话。

[同义] cite， illustrate， refer to ，repeat

slogan / 5slEu^En / n. 口号, 标语

[例] All the slogans and shibboleths coined out of the ideals of the peoples for the uses of imperialism? (Margaret Sanger)

“所有的广告短语和陈旧词句都是出于各民族对使用帝国主义的理想而创造出来的”(玛格丽特·桑格)

[同义] expression， motto ，phrase

[派生] sloganeer / 7slEu^E5niE / vi. 大量使用标语口号 n. 标语口号作者

distinct / dis5tiNkt / adj. 清楚的, 明显的, 独特的

[例] There is a distinct possibility that she won\'t come. 她很有可能不来了

[同义] clear , definite, different, separate

[反义] indistinct / 7indis5tiNkt / adj. 不清楚的, 模糊的, 朦胧的

[派生] distinction / dis5tiNkFEn / n. 1区别, 差别, 级别2特性, 声望, 显赫

distinctive / dis5tiNktiv / adj. 与众不同的, 有特色的

bother / 5bCTE / vt. 烦扰, 打扰 vi. 烦恼, 操心 n. 麻烦, 烦扰 v. 打扰

[例] Will it bother you if I turn the television on? 我开电视会不会吵着你?

[同义] annoy , concern, trouble, worry

[派生] bothersome / 5bRTEsEm / adj. 引起麻烦的, 令人烦恼的

[固定搭配] bother (oneself) about (=bother one\'s head about) 为...而操心; 为...而费事

commercial / kE5mE:FEl / adj. 商业的, 贸易的

[例] A commercial college teaches things that would be useful in business.

商学院教授那些在商业中可能会有用的东西。

[派生] commercialist / kE`m\\:FElIst/ n. 商业家，商业主义者；营利主义者

subscription / sQb5skripFEn / n. 1捐献, 订金2订阅, 签署；同意, [医]下标处方

[例] Your subscription expires next month . 你订阅的杂志下个月期满。

[派生] subscribe / sEb5skraib / v. 1捐款, 订阅2签署(文件), 赞成, 预订

四、    强化练习

1． We are not evil people and Islam has never been an evil ________ but this is how we are being portrayed by the Christian right.

A. region    B. battle C. religion    D. image

2． Overt and covert streams of intelligence are by no means completely parallel and __________ ; they often mingle and meander over one another’s territory.

A. distinct B. important C. nervous    D. disastrous

3． China\'s successful ________ of two taikonuats in its second manned space mission Wednesday tells the world a lot about how serious, formidable and well-prepared the Chinese space program is.

A. deliver    B. post    C. give    D. launch

4． There is a general _________ on the campus today over the phenomenon of college or high school students\' doing a part-time job.

A. view    B. debate    C. slogan    D. coordination

5． Interestingly, sometimes the same piece of information varies considerably in its influences on audiences of different age. For example, in a TV _______ , a beautiful lady promotes a certain brand of perfume, which supposablely makes girls more attractive to boys.

A. commercial B. copyright C. conviction D. controversy

6． In the middle of the night the woman leans over and says, \"I\'m sorry to________ you, but I\'m awfully cold and I was wondering if you could possibly pass me another blanket.\"

A. tell    B. spill    C. bother    D. hurt

7． Although people’s lives have been dramatically changed over the last decades, it must be admitted that, shortage of funds is still the one of the biggest questions that students nowadays have to face because that tuition_____ and prices of books are soaring by the day.

A. tips    B. flip    C. revenue    D. fees

8． To ________ from Albert Einstein， science is the attempt to make the chaotic diversity of our sense experience correspond to a logically uniform system of thought.

A. quote    B. tell    C. differ    D. talk

9． China and the EU reached an agreement limiting _______ export growth in 10 types of textiles to 8-12.5 per cent till the end of 2007.

A. each    B. annual    C. per       D. all

10．For the past few weeks, America has been voting for their favorite icon(偶像) and their favorite ________ . That is “ Melts in your mouth, not in your hands .”

A. deception B. feature    C. slogan    D. periodical

答案：CADBA CDABC

考研英语应试学理论研究连载四十七：考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 38

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时间： 2006年05月09日 16:29 作者：教学管理部印建坤来源：新东方教育科技集团总公司

一、    真题文章（1996年Text 3）

In the last half of the nineteenth century \"capital\" and \"labor\" were enlarging and perfecting their rival organizations on modern lines. Many an old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. It was moreover a step away from individual initiative, towards collectivism and municipal and state-owned business. The railway companies, though still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders, were very unlike old family business. At the same time the great municipalities went into business to supply lighting , trams and other services to the taxpayers .
   The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class , an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. All through the nineteenth century, America, Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital, and British shareholders were thus enriched by the world\' s movement towards industrialization. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastboune sprang up to house large \" comfortable\" classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders\' meeting to dictate their orders to the management. On the other hand \"shareholding\" meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilization.
   The \"shareholders\" as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away. Indeed the mere size of operations and the numbers of workmen involved rendered such personal relations impossible. Fortunately, however, the increasing power and organization of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trades, enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them. The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout taught the two parties to respect each other\' s strength and understand the value of fair negotiation .

二、    译文

  十九世纪后半叶，“资方”和“劳方”按现代化方式不断扩大和完善各自相对独立的组织。许多旧式公司被有限责任公司所取代，这些公司雇佣拿薪水的经理人来进行管理。这种变化是符合新时代的工业需要的，它将职业化元素引入企业，防止了那种在老式家族企业中经常出现的第一代创始人之后的两三代人中工作效率下降，从而妨害公司前途的现象发生。这种机制逐渐摆脱了依靠个人的积极性，而转向集体制和由国家、市政当局掌管的企业。尽管铁路仍是为股东牟利的私有企业，但和那些老式的家族企业有很大的区别。同时，市政当局入主企业，为纳税人提供电力、交通和其他服务。

有限责任公司的发展壮大和市政企业的介入产生了重要的影响，这种大规模的、非个人性质的资金运作大大增加了股东这一社会阶层的人数和重要性，而股东阶层在社会生活中象征着财富与土地及土地拥有者的责任分离开来；同时，财富也和企业经营管理责任分离开来。整个十九世纪，美洲、非洲、印度、澳大利亚以及欧洲的部分国家都是在英国的资金扶持下发展起来的，因此，英国股票持有者的腰包就在全球工业化的浪潮中充实了起来。Bournemouth和Eastbourne等城市就居住了一大批“闲适”阶级，他们有收入，又不用工作，除了拿红利和偶尔出席一次股东会议把他们的命令传达给管理人外，他们和社会上的其他人几乎没有什麽联系。另一方面，“持有股票”意味着闲适和自由，这也是维多利亚时代很多人对社会文明的最高期望。

这样的“股东”根本就不了解自己持股的公司里的工人们的生活、思想和需要，因此，他们对劳资双方的关系有不良影响。公司的拿薪水的执行经理与工人和他们的需要有更直接的关系。但是，与现在正在消失的世袭制的旧家族企业的老板相比，即使是他也很少有过去那种对工人的熟悉程度。的确，仅经营的规模和雇佣工人的数量两方面就使得这种个人关系的建立成为不可能的事。然而，幸运的是，工会的势力和组织在日益扩大，至少在各技术行业是这样，这就使工人与雇佣他们的公司经理们地位平等了。罢工和封厂的严酷惩罚使双方学会了互相尊重对方的力量，理解公正谈判的价值。

三、    考研核心词汇

rival / 5raivEl / n. 竞争者, 对手 v. 竞争, 对抗, 相匹敌

[例] She and I are rivals for the swimming prize.

我和她是游泳比赛奖的竞争对手。

[同义] match ，ally

[派生] rivalry / 5raIvElrI / n. 竞争, 竞赛, 敌对, 敌对状态

liability / 7laiE5biliti / n. 1责任, 义务2倾向3债务, 负债, 与assets相对

[例] The business failed because its assets were not so great as its liabilities.

这家商行因资不抵债而倒闭。

[反义] asset / 5Aset / n. 资产, 有用的东西

[派生] liable / 5laiEbl / adj. 1有责任的, 有义务的2易...的, 有...倾向的, 负有责任的, 很有可能的

bureaucracy / bjuE5rCkrEsi /    n. 官僚, 官僚作风, 官僚机构

[例] Do you have an accountancy qualification and are you familiar with the bureaucracy of the European Union?

你具有会计师资格并熟悉欧盟的组织机构吗？

[派生] bureaucrat / 5bjuErEukrAt / n. 官僚主义者

salary / 5sAlEri / n. 薪水 vt. 给...加薪

[例] \"He gets a good salary, but he always borrows money from his friends and never pays it back.\"

\"他的工资待遇很好,但他总是向朋友借钱而又从不归还。\"

[同义] compensation， pay

requirement / ri5kwaiEmEnt / n. 1需求, 要求2必要条件, 需要的东西, 要求必备的条件

[例] If you have any requirements, ask me.

如果你有什么要求，请向我提出来。

[派生] require / ri5kwaiE / vt. 需要, 要求, 命令

engage / in5^eidV / vt. 使忙碌, 雇佣, 预定, 使从事于, 使参加 vi. 答应, 从事, 交战, [机]接合, 啮合

[例] That\'s all I can engage for.

我所能担保的仅此而已。

[同义] absorb， agree ，busy ，employ， engross

[反义] disengage / 5disin5^eidV / v. 脱离

[派生] engagement / in5^eidVmEnt/ n. 约会, 婚约, 诺言, 交战, 接站, 雇拥, [机]接合

engaging / in5^eidViN / adj. 动人的, 有魅力的, 迷人的

[固定搭配] be engaged by 为...所吸引；be engaged in 正做着, 正忙着；

be engage oneself in 正做着, 正忙着； be engaged on 着手(某事), 从事(某事)；

element / 5elimEnt / n. 1要素, 元素, 成分, 元件2自然环境

[例] He walked on, quite careless of the elements.

他还是向前走，不在乎天气恶劣。

[派生] elementary / 7eli5mentEri / adj. 初步的, 基本的, [化]元素的, 自然力的

decline / di5klain / vi. 下倾, 下降, 下垂 v. 拒绝, 衰落 n. 1下倾, 下降, 下垂2斜面, 斜坡3 衰败, 衰落

[例] They wish that prices would decline.

他们希望物价能下降。

[同义] descent， fail， fall， reject， slant ，slope， weaken

[反义] accept / Ek5sept / vt. 接受, 认可, 承担, 承兑 vi. 同意, 承认

[派生] declinate / 5deklineit / adj. [植][动]下倾的,斜向的,弯下的

efficiency / i5fiFEnsi / n. 效率, 功效

[例] Friction lowers the efficiency of a machine.

摩擦减低机器的效率。

[派生] efficient / i5fiFEnt / adj. (直接)生效的, 有效率的, 能干的

spoil / spCil / vt. 1损坏, 搞糟2宠坏, 溺爱 v. 扰乱

[例] Mankind is warned to stop spoiling the environment.

人类受到警告不能再污染环境。

[同义] botch， damage， decay ，destroy ，impair ，injure

energetic / 7enE5dVetik / adj. 精力充沛的, 积极的

[例] \"The more the young students worked, the more energetic they became.\"

这些年青学生们越干越有劲。

[派生] energy / 5enEdVi / n. 精力, 精神, 活力, [物]能量

founder / 5faundE / n. 1铸工, 翻沙工2创始人, 奠基人

vt. 1使沉没2使摔倒, 弄跛3浸水, 破坏

vi. 1沉没2摔到, 变跛3倒塌, 失败，方正集团, 中国最著名的电子照排系统的生产商

[例] The ship struck a reef and foundered.

船触礁沉没了

[同义] break down ，builder， collapse， creator， inventor

moreover / mC:5rEuvE / adv. 而且, 此外

[例] \"The price is too high, and moreover, the house isn\'t in a suitable position.\"

\"房价太高,而且房屋的地点也不太合适。\"

[同义] also， besides ，furthermore ，too

initiative / i5niFiEtiv / n. 主动

[例] He helped me on his own initiative.

他主动帮助我。

[派生] initiate / i5niFieit / vt. 开始, 发动, 传授 v. 开始, 发起

collectivism / kE5lektivizEm / n. 集体主义

[例] Across the Scottish political spectrum, there is common recognition of an ingrained left of centre political culture, comprising egalitarianism, social justice and collectivism. 在苏格兰的政治体系中，有一种根深蒂固的、以左派为政治中心的共识，这包括了平等主义、社会公正和集体主义。

[派生] collectivity / 7kElek5tiviti / n. 全体, 集体, 总体

municipal / mju(:)5nisipEl / adj. 市政的, 地方性的, 地方自治的

[例] a municipal council 市议会

the municipal government 市政府

[同义] civic， metropolitan， urban

[派生] municipality / mju:7nisi5pAliti / n. 市政当局, 自治市

shareholder / 5FZEhEuldE / n. 股东

[例] All shareholders receive fair and equal treatment in the event .

在这次事件中所有的股东得到了公平、平等的待遇。

tram / trAm / n. 有轨电车,煤车, 吊车 v. 乘电车【机】正确调整, 正确位置

[例] The spindle is in tram. 纺机锭子调整正确。

taxpayer / 5tAks7peiE / n. 纳税人

[例] Should any taxpayer money be spent on renovating the Nassau Coliseum?

纳税人的钱应该被用来修复拿骚（巴哈马首都）大剧场吗？

impersonal / im5pE:sEnl / adj. 非个人的

[例] an impersonal remark. 客观的评价

[同义] detached, impartial， neutral ，unbiased， unprejudiced

[反义] personal / 5pE:sEnl / adj. 私人的, 个人的, 亲自的, 容貌的, 身体的, 人身的, 针对个人的 adj. [语法]人称的

[派生] impersonalism /Im`p\\:sLnElIzLm/ n. 非人格主义,非人格性

manipulation / mE7nipju5leiFEn / n. 处理, 操作, 操纵, 被操纵

[例] Some people can put back a twisted joint, like the shoulder, by careful manipulation.

有的人会巧用推拿术使扭伤的关节, 例如肩膀复位。

[派生] manipulate / mE5nipjuleit / vt.1（熟练地）操作, 使用(机器等), 操纵

(人或市价、市场), 利用, 应付2假造

vt. (熟练地)操作,巧妙地处理

represent / 7ri:pri5zent / vt. 1表现, 描绘, 声称2象征3扮演4回忆 vi . 提出异议

[例] Letters of the alphabet represent sounds. 字母表中的字母意指发音

[同义] characterize， demonstrate， exhibit ，express， manifest， symbolize

[派生] representation / 7reprizen5teiFEn / n. 1表现, 陈述2请求3扮演4画像, 5代表

  representative / 7repri5zentEtiv / n. 代表 adj. 典型的, 有代表性的

irresponsible / 7iris5pCnsEbl / adj. 不负责任的, 不可靠的

[例] His behavior was very irresponsible; he might have hurt somebody.

\"他的所作所为很不负责,他可能已经得罪了一些人。\"

[反义] responsible / ris5pCnsEbl / adj. 有责任的, 可靠的, 可依赖的, 负责的

detach / di5tAtF / vt. 1分开, 分离2分遣, 派遣(军队)

[例] Men were detached to defend the pass. 已经派遣了人员去防守关隘。

[同义] assign ，delegate， disconnect， separate

[反义] attach / E5tAtF / vt. 缚上, 系上, 贴上 v. 配属, 隶属于

[派生] detachable / dI`tAtFEbl / adj. 可分开的, 可分离的, 可分遣的

enrich / in5ritF / vt. 1使富足, 使肥沃2装饰, 加料于3浓缩

[例] An appreciation of art will enrich your life. 艺术欣赏将会丰富你的生活

[同义] better ，enhance ，improve ，uplift

[派生] enrichment / in5ritFmEnt / n. 发财致富, 丰富, 肥沃, 浓缩, [矿]富集

niuniu · 发表于 06-6-22 00:07:32

industrialization / in7dQstriElai5zeiFn / n. 工业化, 产业化

[例] bring about industrialization    实现工业化

[派生] industrialize / in5dQstriElaiz / vt. 使工业化 vi. 工业化

spring / spriN / n. 1春天2跃起;泉 3弹簧, 发条;弹性, 弹力4根源

v. 1跳, 跃, 跃出2使跳跃3使爆炸, 触发

[例] A cry sprang from her lips. A thought springs to mind.

她突然一声尖叫。一种想法突然出现在脑海里

[同义] bounce， hop ， jump ，leap， vault

retire / ri5taiE / vi. 退休, 引退, 退却, 撤退, 就寝

[例] He is now retiring from political life and has gone abroad.

\"他现在正在退出政治生活,并已出国。\"

[同义] abdicate ,discharge, dismiss , recede

[派生] retired / ri5taiEd / adj. 退役的 v. 退休

retirement / ri5taiEmEnt / n. 退休, 引退, 退却, 撤退

income / 5inkEm /    n. 收入, 收益, 进款, 所得

[例] Low-income families need government help. 低收入家庭需要政府帮助。

[同义] earnings, payment, proceeds, expense , outgo

dictate / dik5teit / v. 1口述, 口授, 使听写2指令, 指示, 命令, 规定

n. 指示(指理智,变心)

[例] The union leaders are trying to dictate their demands to the employer.

工会领导人正设法迫使雇主接受他们的要求。

[同义] demand, direct, instruct, order , recommend

[反义] submit / sEb5mit / v. (使)服从, (使)顺从 vt. 提交, 递交

[派生] dictation / dik5teiFEn / n. 听写, 口述

[固定搭配] be dictated to 被任意指挥；follow the dictates of 听从...的命令[支配]；dictate to 口述, 使听写；

leisure / 5leVE; 5li:VE / n. 空闲, 闲暇, 悠闲, 安逸

[例] I\'ll return the call at my leisure. 我有空就会来拜访

[同义] freedom, business

purpose / 5pE:pEs / n. 1目的, 意图2用途, 效果 vt. 打算, 企图, 决心

[例] He was a man of purpose. 他是一个意志坚强的人

[同义] aim , determination , goal, intention, plan, resolution

[派生] purposely / 5p\\:pEslI/ adv. 故意地

civilization / 9sIvIlaI`zeIFLn;-lI`z- / n. 文明, 文化, 文明社会 , 文明, 一个著名游戏的名称

[例] It is generally accepted that the Chinese civilization is one of the oldest in the world. 普遍认为中国文化是世界上最古老的文化之一。

[同义] culture

[反义] barbarism / 5bB:bErizEm / n. 野蛮, 未开化, 原始, 不文明

[派生] civilize / 5sIvIlaIz / vt. 使开化, 使文明, 教化

patriarchal / 7peitri5B:kEl / adj. 家长的, 族长的

[例] a patriarchal social system 父权制社会制度

[派生] patriarch / 5peitrB:k / n. 家长, 族长, 创办人, 最年长者

render / 5rendE / vt. 1呈递, 归还2着色3汇报4致使5实施

vi. 给予补偿 n. 交纳, 粉刷, 打底

[例] He had to render an apology for his rudeness.

他不得不因他的粗鲁做出道歉。

[同义] allot , grant, make, present

discipline / 5disiplin / n. 1纪律2学科 v. 训练

[例] The soldiers showed perfect discipline under the fire of the enemy.

在敌人的炮火下，那些士兵显示了良好的纪律。

[同义] practice, prepare , punish, train

lockout / `lCkaJt / n. 停工(业主为抵制工人的要求而停工)

[例] It was Saturday Night Hockey in Canada, the first experience of its kind for the Islanders this season, the first trip to the hockey motherland since the lockout. 在加拿大星期六曲棍球之夜，是岛上居民在这个季节第一次观看这种比赛，这也是自停赛后球队第一次返回曲棍球的家乡。

negotiation / ni7^EuFi5eiFEn / n. 商议, 谈判, 流通

[例] Negotiation for the new school are finished. 新学校的筹备工作业已就绪。

[派生] negotiate / ni5^EuFieit / v. (与某人)商议, 谈判, 磋商, ,买卖, 让渡(支票、债券等), 通过, 越过

四、    强化练习

1.    Microsoft Corp. is not going to release a version of its Office suite software for open-source ________ Linux, although the company is actively studying how Linux works and how it can integrate with the platform, a Microsoft representative said Wednesday.

A. colleague B. discrepancy C. rival    D. release

2.    Eating fish at least once a week is good for the brain, slowing age-related mental ___________ by the equivalent of three to four years, a study suggests.

A. increase B. acceleration C. advance    D. decline

3.    China\'s monthly personal _________ tax cutoff point was lifted to 1,600 yuan from 1,500 yuan after drawing on public opinions from the first-ever legislature hearing held on Sept. 27.

A. income    B. commercial C. manufacture D. manifestation

4.    Besides religious impact, buildings__________ our intellectual and business behavior. Take Bank of China Tower as an example. It is located at No. 1 Garden Road, central Hong Kong.

A. disperse B. represent    C. transfer    D. transit

5.    The________ will strengthen the direction and leadership of human intelligence throughout the Intelligence Community (IC).

A. stranger    B. initiative    C. menace    D. mercy

6.    China and the United States did not reach any agreement in their fifth round of textile consultation. The _________, which started Monday in Washington D.C., was scheduled to end Tuesday but was extended to a third day to give both sides more time to narrow their differences.

A. argument B. declaration C. negotiation    D. hint

7.    What a child does and abstains from doing by virtue of the _________ he receives is something he would not at first do of his own accord. The aim of it is not to curtail freedom but to give a child freedom within manageable limits.

A. discipline B.       C.       D.

8.    Television programs and movies that depict violence among teenagers are extremely popular. Given how influential these media are, we have good reason to believe that these depictions cause young people to ________ in violent behavior.

A.       B.       C.       D. engage

9.    ________ people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive.

A.    B. Energetic C.       D.

10. Meanwhile, IT skills are a basic qualification in our city that a teacher, especially young teacher must master, and we have built up a body of teachers who meet the __________ of development and can complement each other at different levels.

A.    B.       C. requirement    D.

答案：CDABB CADBC

考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 39

一、    真题文章（1996年Text 4）

What accounts for the great outburst of major inventions in early America---breakthroughs such as the telegraph , the steamboat and the weaving machine?
   Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country \' s excellent elementary schools; a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors ; and above all the American genius for nonverbal , \"spatial\" thinking about things technological .
   Why mention the elementary schools? Because thanks to these schools our early mechanics ,especially in the New England and Middle Atlantic states, were generally literate and at home in arithmetic and in some aspects of geometry and trigonometry.
   Acute foreign observers related American adaptiveness and inventiveness to this educational advantage. As a member of a British commission visiting here in 1853 reported, \"With a mind prepared by thorough school discipline, the American boy develops rapidly into the skilled workman. \"
   A further stimulus to invention came from the \"premium\" system, which preceded our patent system and for years ran parallel with it. \"This approach, originated abroad, offered inventors medals, cash prizes and other incentives.
   In the United States, multitudes of premiums for new devices were awarded at country fairs and at the industrial fairs in major cities. Americans flocked to these fairs to admire the new machines and thus to renew their faith in the beneficence of technological advance.
   Given this optimistic approach to technological innovation, the American worker took readily to that special kind of nonverbal thinking required in mechanical technology. As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out , \"A technologist thinks about objects that cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process . . . The designer and the inventor . . . are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist. \"
   This nonverbal \"spatial\" thinking can be just as creative as painting and writing. Robert Fulton once wrote, \"The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheels, etc. , like a poet among the letters of the alphabet , considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea. \"
   When all these shaping forces--schools, open attitudes, the premium system, a genius for spatial thinking--interacted with one another on the rich U. S. mainland, they produced that American characteristic , emulation . Today that word implies mere imitation. But in earlier times it meant a friendly but competitive striving for fame and excellence.

二、译文

在早期美国，像电报、汽船和织布机这样的重大发明纷纷涌现，这是什么原因呢？

在众多的因素中，我特意指出以下几个：美国优秀的小学教育；欢迎新技术的工人阶级；为发明人提供奖金的政策；其中最重要的是，美国人的那种非文字的，“空间的”思维方式。

为什么要提小学教育？由于这些学校的存在，我们的技工们基本上都识文断字、熟知算术及某些几何学与三角学知识，这种情况在新英格兰和大西洋中部各州尤为普遍。

敏锐的外国观察家把美国人的高度适应性和创造性与这种教育上的优势联系起来。1853年访问过美国的一位英国人说：“经过学校严密的训练，美国的男孩子很快就能成长为熟练的工人。”

推动发明的进一步刺激来自“奖励”制度，它产生于我们的专利制度之前，且多年来与后者一起存在。这种做法来自国外，为发明者颁发奖章、奖金和其他奖励。

在美国的全国博览会和各大城市举办的工业博览会上，大量的奖金被颁发给新发明的设备，美国人蜂拥而至去欣赏这些新的发明，这也更坚定了他们对科技进步带来的益处的信心。

有了这种对技术革新的乐观态度，美国工人很容易便适应了机械技术需要的那种特别的非语言的思维方式。正如尤金.福格森曾指出：“技术人员所考虑的东西是难以用语言加以确切描述的；这些物体在他的头脑中以视觉的、非语言的方式被处理加工…设计者和发明者能把那些尚不存在的机械在头脑中组装和操作。”

这种非文字性的“空间思维”方式和绘画、写作一样富有创造性。罗伯特. 法欧曾写到：“技术人员坐在杠杆、螺钉、楔子、轮子中间，如同一位诗人处在字母表中的字母一样，应该把它们看做是自己思想的一种表达，每一个新的组合都能传达一个新的意念。”

当所有这些因素——教育，开放的态度，奖金制度，空间思考的才能——在美国富饶的土地上相互作用时，就产生了美国特有的性格：效仿。今天，这个词只意味着模仿，但是在早些时候，它意味着友好但充满竞争的努力去争取名誉和成功。

三、    考研核心词汇

outburst / 5autbE:st / n. (火山、感情等)爆发、喷出, 突发, 破裂

[例] an outburst of indignation.

勃然大怒

[同义] discharge， ejection ，eruption ，outbreak， torrent

invention / in5venFEn / n. 发明, 创造

[例] \"His 6,000 inventions included the electric light bulb, the phonograph, and the mimeograph machine.\"

\"他作出了六千项发明,包括电灯泡,留声机(唱机)和油印机。\"

[派生] invent / in5vent / vt. 发明, 创造 v. 发明

inventer / In`ventE(r) / n. 发明者, 发明家

breakthrough / 5breik5Wru: / n. 突破

[例] Surgeons have made a great breakthrough in the kidney transplantation.

外科医生们在肾移植方面取得了重大突破。

telegraph / 5teli^rB:f / n. 电报机, 电报 v. 打电报, 发电报, 打电报说暴露事先或无意识地使知道（例如预期的行动）：

[例] By massing troops on the border, the enemy telegraphed its intended invasion to the target country.

敌人在边界集结军队，暴露出其企图侵犯目标国

steamboat / 5sti:mbEJt / n. 汽船, 轮船

[例] steamboat’s experts 汽船专家

premium / 5primjEm / n. 1 额外费用2奖金, 奖赏3保险费, (货币兑现的)贴水

[例] He paid premiums on his life insurance last year.

他去年付了人寿保险费。

[反义] discount / 5diskaunt / n. 折扣

nonverbal / 5nCn5vE:bEl / adj. 1不用动词的2不用语言的

[例] Gestures are a nonverbal means of expression.

打手势是一种非言语的表达方式。

spatial / 5speiFEl / adj. 空间的

[例] spatial extent 空间延长

[派生] spatiality / 7speFi5Aliti / n. 空间性

mention / 5menFEn / vt. 提及, 说起 n. 提及, 说起v. 论及, 提及

[例] Because the tree was mentioned in a newspaper, the number of visitors to Frinley has now increased.

因为这棵树在一家报纸报道过,所以,参观弗林利的人数现在增多了。

[同义] comment ，designate， name ，note ， remark

mechanics / mi5kAniks / n. (用作单数)机械学、力学, (用作复数)技巧, 结构

[例] The mechanics of football are learned with practice.

足球技艺是通过练习而学会的

[派生] mechanical / mi5kAnikl / adj. 机械的, 机械制的, 机械似的, 呆板的

mechanic / mi5kAnik / n. 技工, 机修工, 机械士

literate / 5litErit / n. 学者 adj. 有文化的，有阅读和写作能力的

[例] There are more literate people now than before .

现在有阅读能力的人要比以前多。

[同义] cultured ，educated ，learned，scholarly

[反义] illiterate / i5litErit / n. 文盲 adj. 不识字的, 没受教育的

arithmetic / E5riWmEtik / n. 算术, 算法

[例] This applet helps school going children learn and practice basic arithmetic operations like Addition, Subtraction.

  这个程序帮助在校的孩子们学习和练习基本的算术，例如加减运算。

geometry / dVi5Cmitri /    n. 几何学

[例] solid geometry 固体几何学

trigonometry / tri^E5nCmitri / n. 三角法

[例] analytic trigonometry 分析三角学

acute / E5kju:t / adj. 敏锐的, [医]急性的, 剧烈

[例] She still has very acute hearing, though she is eighty years old.

尽管她已经八十岁了,但她的听觉仍然很灵敏。

[同义] astute， discerning， keen ，quick ，shrewd ，smart

[反义] dull / dQl / adj. 感觉或理解迟钝的, 无趣的, 呆滞的, 阴暗的 vt.使迟钝, 使阴暗, 缓和 vi. 变迟钝, 减少

niuniu · 发表于 06-6-22 00:07:37

thorough / 5WQrE / adj. 十分的, 彻底的

[例] They made a thorough search for the lost ring, but didn\'t find it.

他们仔细地寻找过那枚丢失的戒指，可是没有找到。

[同义] complete， full， intensive

stimulus / 5stimjulEs / n. 刺激物, 促进因素, 刺激, 刺激

[例] Light is a stimulus to growth in plants.

光是植物生长的促进因素。

[派生] stimulate / 5stimjuleit / vt. 刺激, 激励 v. 刺激, 激励

precede / pri(:)5si:d /    v. 领先(于), 在...之前, 先于

[例] He preceded his lecture with a humorous anecdote.

他以一个幽默的轶事开始他的演说

[同义] head， lead

[反义] follow / 5fClEu / vt. 跟随, 追随, 沿...而行, 理解, 遵循, 从事, 追求, 注视 vi. 跟随, 接着 n. 跟随, 追随

patent / 5peitEnt, 5pAtEnt / n. 专利权, 执照, 专利品 adj. 特许的, 专利的, 显著的 vt. 取得...的专利权, 请准专利

[例] The government patented the device to its inventor.

政府给予发明者专利权。

parallel / 5pArElel / adj. 1平行的, 相同的2类似的, 并联的 n. 1平行线, 平行面2类似, 相似物 v. 相应, 平行

[例] The railway line runs parallel with / to the highway.

铁路线和那条公路平行。

[同义] similar

originate / E5ridVineit / vt. 引起, 发明, 发起, 创办 vi. 起源, 发生

[例] All theories originate from / in practice and in turn serve practice.

任何理论都来源于实践,反过来又为实践服务。

[派生] origination / E9rldVEneItIv,-nE- / n. 发源

   originator / E`rIdVEneItE(r)/    n. 创作者,发明人

incentive / in5sentiv / n. 动机 adj. 激励的

[例] Money is still a major incentive in most occupations.

在许多职业中, 钱仍是主要的鼓励因素。

[同义] encouragement , inducement, motive, stimulus

[派生] incent / In`sent / vt. 刺激…采取行动 , 激励

device / di5vais / n. 1装置, 设计, 图案, 策略2发明物 3 [计]安装设备驱动程序

[例] These newly-designed devices will appear on the exhibition next month.

这些新设计的器件将在下月的展览会上展出。

[同义] apparatus， implement ，instrument， machine

flock / flCk / n. 1羊群, (禽、畜等的)群2大量, 众多 v. 聚结

[例] People came in flocks to see the new hydraulic power station beside the dam.

人们成群结队地来参观水坝旁边新建的水电站。

[同义] bunch， crowd， group ，mob， multitude

faith / feiW / n. 信任, 宗教信仰, 忠实, 保证, 诺言, 约定

[例] I have faith in you；I am sure you will do well.

我相信你，我肯定你会做好的。

[同义] belief ，confidence ，religion，trust

[反义] doubt / daut / n. 怀疑, 疑惑, 疑问 v. 怀疑, 不信, 拿不准, <古>恐怕

[派生] faithful / 5feiWful / adj. 守信的, 忠实的, 详确的, 可靠的 n. 信徒

beneficence / bi5nefisEns / n. 善行, 仁慈, 赠物 n. 行善,慈善,捐款,捐赠物

[例] bestow many beneficences

捐赠许多救济品

[派生] beneficent / bi5nefisEnt / adj. 慈善的, 仁慈的, 善行的

optimistic / 7Cpti5mistik / adj. 乐观的

[例] Optimistic people always believe their bright future .

  乐观的人总是相信他们有美好的未来。

[同义] bright， carefree ，cheerful ，glad ，happy， radiant

[反义] pessimistic / pesI5mIstIk / adj 悲观的

[派生] optimism / 5CptimizEm / n. 乐观, 乐观主义

reduce / ri5dju:s / vt. 1减少, 缩小2简化, 还原

[例] This experienced editor is said to be able to reduce the misprints to almost nil.

据说这位经验丰富的老编辑能把印刷错误几乎降低到零。

[同义] cut， decrease ，diminish ，lessen， lower， moderate

[反义] increase / in5kri:s / n. 增加, 增大, 增长 vt. 增加, 加大

vi. 增加, 繁殖

unambiguous / 5QnAm5bi^juEs / adj. 不含糊的, 明确的

[例] As a horror, apartheid . . . is absolutely unambiguous. There are . . . no shades of interpretation or circumstances to weigh that might make coming to a moral judgment more difficult? ( Mario Vargas Llosa)

“作为一种恐怖，种族隔离…是绝对确定无疑的，没有…任何值得考虑的解释或情况可以对其道德审判提出非难” (马里奥·巴尔加斯·略萨)

visual / 5vizjuEl / adj. 看的, 视觉的, 形象的, 栩栩如生的

[例] a visual presentation.

可以看得见的礼物

assemble / E5sembl / vt. 集合, 聚集, 装配 vi. 集合

[例] All the people assembled at Mary\'s house.

所有的人都聚集在玛丽的屋子里。

[同义] cluster, collect, congregate, crowd, gather together ,

[反义] dismiss / dis5mis / vt. 解散, 下课, 开除, 解职, 使(或让)离开

vi. 解散

[派生] assembly / E5sembli / n. 集合, 装配, 集会, 集结, 汇编

lever / 5li:vE, 5levE / n. 杆, 杠杆, 控制杆 v. 抬起

[例] This activity introduces students to the concept of lever.

这项活动是给学生介绍杠杆的概念。

screw / skru: / n. 1螺丝钉, 螺旋, 螺杆, 螺孔, 螺旋桨2吝啬鬼

vt. 1调节, 旋2加强, 压榨3鼓舞 vi. 转动, 旋, 拧

[例] Lifting those boxes really screwed up my back.

抬这些箱确实令我的背部受到损伤

[同义] fasten, rotate , tighten , turn , twist

[反义] unscrew / 5Qn5skru: / v. 从...旋出螺丝, 旋开, 旋松

wedge / wedV / n. 楔 vt. 楔入, 楔进

[例] The people wedged me into the corner.

人们把我挤到角落里。

[同义] jam , lodge , push , squeeze

alphabet / 5A:lfEbit / n. 字母表

[例] a phonetic alphabet 音标文字

[派生] alphabetic / 7AlfE5betik / adj. 照字母次序的, 字母的

transmit / trAnz5mit / vt. 1传输, 转送, 传导；发射2遗传, 传播 vi. 1发射信号2发报

[例] Parents transmit some of their characteristics to their children.

父母把一些特有的素质遗传给儿女。

[同义] dispatch, forward , send over, transfer

[派生] transmission / trAnz5miFEn / n. 1发射2传送3传输, 转播

attitude / 5Atitju:d / n. 1姿势2态度, 看法, 意见

[例] People\'s attitude towards the skyscrapers varies widely.

人们对这些摩天大楼的态度很不相同。

[同义] opinion, position ，standpoint ，viewpoint

emulation / 9emjJ`leIF/ n. 竞争, 效法

[例] real time emulation 实时仿真

[派生] emulate / 5emjuleit / n. 仿效

emulative / 5emjulEtiv / adj. 好胜

imitation / imi5teiFEn / n. 1 模仿, 效法, 冒充2赝品, 仿造物

[例] His imitation of that singer is perfect.

他模仿那位歌唱家模仿得维妙维肖。

[反义] invention / in5venFEn / n. 发明, 创造

[派生] imitate / 5imiteit / vt. 模仿, 仿效, 仿制, 仿造 v. 模仿

fame / feim / n. 1 名声, 名望2传说, <古>传闻

vt. (常用被动语态)使闻名, 使有名望, 盛传

[例] The reformer\'s fame spread all over the country.

这位改革者名震全国。

[同义] name， popularity ，renown， reputation

[派生] famed / feImd / adj. 著名的, 闻名的

四、    强化练习

1.    As one of the earliest countries to apply machinery, China boasts a lot of unique ________ like the compass vehicle, the seismograph, and the incense burner with their respective characteristics on using power and mechanical structural design.

A. discoveries    B. inventions C. reforms D. renovations

2.    The deadly H5N1 virus first surfaced in Asia but appears to be spreading quickly to the west on the wings of migrating birds. But it is difficult to ________ from bird to human - thousands of cases among poultry in Asia have resulted in only 120 human cases, of which 60 led to death.

A. transmit    B. alter    C. heap    D. hit

3.    From psychological aspect, the majority of children seem to tend to have an unfavorable_________ toward additional educational activities.

A. fond    B. hint    C. endeavor    D. attitude

4.    It is suggested that governments ought to make efforts to _______ the increasing gap between cities and countryside. They ought to set aside an appropriate fund for improvement of the standard of peasants\' lives.

A. reduce    B. endow C. compensate D. compress

5.    Overt(明显的)and covert(隐蔽的) streams of intelligence are by no means completely________ and distinct; they often mingle and meander over one another’s territory.

A. similar    B. repressed C. parallel    D. scornful

6.    China has 150 million people living in _______ poverty despite its impressive economic growth in the past two decades.

A. vulgar    B. acute    C. dim    D. secure

7.    Unlike other conventional universities, Bangladesh Open University is purely technology based and its aim is to make scope of higher education for the less __________ mass people who are engaged in different occupation, etc.

A. scenic    B. mean    C. notable    D. literate

8.    We can discuss further details when you have a _________ knowledge of the marketing possibilities of our products.

A. thorough    B. cute C. sore    D. spectacular

9.    Not reused injector is a _______ product invented by by the expert Mr baosheng tong in Tianjin Chukang Industry Company.

A. alien    B. patent    C. spacious D. intrinsic

10. We need clear, factual reports. They must be highly detailed and_________ .

  A. gloomy B. irregular    C. unambiguous D. irritated

答案：BADAC BDABC

niuniu · 发表于 06-6-22 00:08:46

考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 40

一、    真题文章（1996年Text 5）

Rumor has it that more than 20 books on creationism/evolution are in the publisher \' s pipelines. A few have already appeared. The goal of all will be to try to explain to a confused and often unenlightened citizenry that there are not two equally valid scientific theories for the origin and evolution of universe and life. Cosmology , geology , and biology have provided a consistent , unified, and constantly improving account of what happened. \"Scientific\" creationism, which is being pushed by some for \"equal time\" in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given, is based on religion, not science. Virtually all scientists and the majority of nonfundamentalist religious leaders have come to regard \"scientific\" creationism as bad science and bad religion.
   The first four chapters of Kitcher\'s book give a very brief introduction to evolution. At appropriate places, he introduces the criticisms of the creationists and provides answers. In the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating. He describes their programs and tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise. When their basic motivation is religious, one might have expected more Christian behavior.
   Kitcher is a philosopher, and this may account, in part, for the clarity and effectiveness of his arguments. The non-specialist will be able to obtain at least a notion of the sorts of data and argument that support evolutionary theory. The final chapter on the creationists will be extremely clear to all. On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says: \"This book stands for reason itself. \"And so it does---and all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate .

二、    译文

有传言说，有20多本关于创世论与进化论之争的书即将出版，有几本已经面世了。所有这些书的目的是试图告诉那些感到困惑的而且常常是还不开通的芸芸众生：就宇宙和生命的起源与发展问题而言，不可能存在两种都成立的科学理论。对于所发生的一切，宇宙学、地质学、生物学已经提供了一贯的、统一的并且是在不断完善的解释。当课堂上讲授进化论时，有些人就想争抢“相同的课时”来解释“科学”创世论，其实科学创世论是基于宗教，而非科学。实际上，所有科学家和大多数非原教旨主义宗教领袖们都已将“科学”创世论看作是拙劣的科学和拙劣的宗教。

Kitcher的书在前四章中对进化做了简单的介绍。在合适的地方，他介绍了对创世论者的批判并给出了回答。在最后三章中，他终于显露出本意，给创世论者一顿痛击。他描述了这些人伎俩，对那些不熟悉创世论者的人来说，这些人对真相的欺骗和歪曲程度让人不快和震惊。因为既然这些人的最初动机是宗教，他们本应该采取更加符合基督教徒的行为。

Kitcher是位哲学家，这也许部分解释了他的论证为何如此清晰和有效。非专业人士起码可以了解支持进化论的各种数据和观点。关于创世论者的最后一章对每个人来说都阐述得极为清楚。这部优秀作品的护封上引用了斯蒂芬.杰.古尔德的一句话，“这本书本身就代表了理性”。的确如此——如果理性是创世论和进化论之争的惟一裁判，一切问题就解决了。

三、    考研核心词汇

rumor / 5ru:mE / n. 流言, 谣言, 传闻 vt. 谣传, 传闻

[例] The rumor was fabricated by the enemy radio station.

这谣言是敌人广播电台捏造出来的。

[同义] broadcast， circulate， gossip

[派生] rumorous / `rU:mErEs / adj. 传说的，谣传的

creationism / kri:`eIFEnIzEm / n. 创造宇宙说, 特别创造说

[例] The focus of this discussion is on a more narrow sense of Creationism.

这次讨论的中心更多的是关于狭义的创世学说。

[派生] creation / kri5eiFEn / n. 创造, 创作物

creative / kri(:)5eitiv / adj. 创造性的

pipeline / 5paip7lain / n. 管道, 传递途径

[例] Farther down the pipeline are three other approaches to vaccine development? (Boston Globe)

“除供给渠道外，培植牛痘还有其它三种途径” (波士顿环球)

unenlightened / 5Qnin5laitnd / adj. 无知的, 不文明的, 落后的

[例] As we know, he is unenlightened. 正如我们所知道的他是一个无知的人。

[派生] enlighten / in5laitn / vt. 启发, 启蒙, 教导, 授予...知识, 开导, <古>照耀

citizenry / 5sItIz(E)nrI/ n. 公民，市民(集合称)

[例] It corresponds to the Latin classis，a word borrowed from the Greek，meaning that part of the citizenry which has been called to the colours.
它的意思同拉丁文的classis（阶级、阶层等级）一样——一个借自希腊语的词——公民中的有色人种。

[派生] citizen / 5sitizn / n. 市民, 公民

valid / 5vAlid / adj. 1 [律]有效的, 有根据的2正当的, 正确的

[例] Illness is a valid excuse for being absent from work.

生病是不去上班的正当理由。

[同义] adequate ，authorized， cogent ，effective， established ，

[反义] invalid / in5vAlid / n. 病人, 残废者 adj. 有病的, 残废的

origin / 5CridVin / n. 1起源, 由来, 起因2出身, 血统, [数]原点

[例] We cannot escape our origins, however hard we try? (James Baldwin)

“无论如何努力，我们也改变不了我们的出身”(詹姆斯·鲍德温)

[同义] beginning ，birth ，derivation， inception ， start

[反义] result / ri5zQlt / n. 结果, 成效, 计算结果 vi. 起因, 由于, 以...为结果, 导致

[派生] original / E5ridVEnEl / adj. 最初的, 原始的, 独创的, 新颖的

n. 原物, 原作

cosmology / kCz5mClEdVi / n. 宇宙哲学, 宇宙论

[例] This essay is about cosmology . 这篇文章是关于宇宙论的。

[派生] cosmic / 5kCzmik / adj. 宇宙的

geology / dVi5ClEdVi / n. 地质学, 地质概况

[例] the geology of North America 北美地质概况

consistent / kEn5sistEnt / adj. 1一致的, 调和的2 坚固的

[例] The testimony was consistent with the known facts.

口供与已知的事实相符合

[反义] inconsistent / 7inkEn5sistEnt / adj. 不一致的, 不协调的, 矛盾的

[派生] consistently adv. 一贯地，一向，始终如一地

unified / 5ju:nifaid /    adj. 统一的, 统一标准的, 一元化的

[例] unified coarse thread 统一标准粗牙螺纹

[派生] unification / ju:nIfI5keIF(E)n / n. 统一，合一

majority / mE5dVCriti / n. 多数, 大半 n. [律] 成年

[例] The majority of children in our class have brown eyes; only three have blue eyes. 我们班大多数孩子是棕色眼睛，只有三个是蓝眼睛。

[反义] minority / mai5nCriti, mi- / n. 少数, 少数民族

[派生] major / 5meidVE / n. <美>[教]主修课, [律]成年人, [乐]大调 adj.主修的, 成年的, 大调的 vi. 主修

criticism / 5kritisiz(E)m / n. 批评, 批判

[例] These two criticisms provide a good starting point.

这两条批评意见开创了良好的开端。

[反义] admiration / 7AdmE5reiFEn / n. 钦佩, 赞美, 羡慕

[派生] criticize / 5kritisaiz / v. 批评, 吹毛求疵, 非难

critic / 5kritik / n. 批评家, 评论家, 吹毛求疵者

tactics / 5tAktiks / n. 战术, 策略

[例] Guerrilla tactics were employed during most of the war.

游击战术被应用于战争的大部分时间里

[同义] strategy

distortion / dis5tC:FEn / n. 扭曲, 变形, 曲解, 失真

[例] a hopeless distortion of the truth 肆意歪曲真理

[派生] distort / dis5tC:t / vt. 弄歪(嘴脸等), 扭曲, 歪曲(真理、事实等), 误报

motivation / 7mEuti5veiFEn / n. 动机

[例] The stronger the motivation, the more quickly a person will learn a foreign language.

一个人学外语的内在要求越高, 那么他就学得越快。

[派生] motivational / 9mEJtI`veIFLnEl / adj. 动机的, 有关动机的

motivate / 5mEutiveit / v. 激发

philosopher / fi5lCsEfE / n 哲学家, 哲人, 达观者

[例] You are a philosopher. 你真想得开。

[派生] philosophic / 7filE5sCfik / adj. 哲学的, 贤明的

philosophy / fi5lCsEfi /    n. 哲学, 哲学体系, 达观, 冷静

clarity / 5klAriti / n. 清楚, 透明

[例] the clarity of the difficult problem by giving a full explanation

以充分的说明来阐明那个难题

obtain / Eb5tein / vt. 获得, 得到

[例] The facts had been obtained from thousands of students in their first year of university study by asking such questions as these.

这些情况是通过向数千名大学生在一年级时学习情况的调查而获得的,所提出的问题如下。

[同义] acquire， earn ，gain， get， procure， receive，secure

[反义] lose / lu:z / vt. 1遗失, 浪费, 输去, 使失去2使迷路, 使沉溺于

vi. 受损失, 失败

notion / 5nEuFEn / n. 1概念, 观念, 想法2(复数)<美语>小饰物

[例] He has no notion of what I mean. 他不明白我的意思。

[同义] belief， idea，impression， opinion，

[派生] notional / 5nEuFEnEl / adj. 概念的, 想象的, [语]表意的, 实义的

jacket / 5dVAkit / n. 1短上衣, 夹克, (锅炉、水管等的)套2书籍的封面套纸, 护封3马铃薯皮 vt. 给...穿夹克, 给...装护套

[例] I like the design on this jacket. 我喜欢这个护封的设计。

[派生] jacketed / 5dVAkitid / adj. 置于壳内的, 外面覆上套的

四、    强化练习

1．Two-thirds of adults have not made a will, leaving their would-be beneficiaries in possible peril. Surviving husbands and wives can get far less than their spouse intended if no ________ will is left.

A. intricate    B. valid    C. blank D. various

2．Children with parents whose guidance is firm, ________ , and rational are inclined to possess high levels of self-confidence .

A. complicated B. illogical    C. rough    D. consistent

3. It traces the ________ and lives of the ancient Germanic gods, and their rise to power through deceit, betrayal and manipulation of earthly beings: heavy stuff for people not familiar with the culture.

A. promotion B. stream    C. origin D. harbor

4. Reading comprehension requires ________, mental frameworks for holding ideas, concentration and good study techniques. Here are some suggestions.

A. motivation B. carelessness C. equivalence D. essence

5. Online advertising revenue is soaring, and consumers are getting used to the _______ of paying for services online.

A. fund    B. notion    C. income    D. contribution

6. Sven-Goran Eriksson, the Swede, who faced severe __________ following England\'s defeat by Northern Ireland last month.

A. context B. contract    C. contrast    D. criticism

7. We\'re conducting aggressive counter-terrorism operations in the areas where the terrorists are concentrated. We are constantly adapting our ________ to the changing situations of the terrorists.

A. graphs B. tactics    C. assimilation D. aspiration

8. The central authorities have started to use taxation as a tool to achieve the ______of building a \"harmonious society,\" said Han yesterday in an interview with China Daily.

A. goal    B. assign    C. accordance    D. account

9. Mother Teresa, winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, dedicated the________ of her life to helping the poorest of the poor in India, thus gaining her the name \"Saint of the Gutters.\"

A. assessment B. minority C. majority    D. identification

10. Although this view is widely held , this is little evidence that education can be ________ at any age and at any place.

A. sold    B. ignited C. ignored    D. obtained

答案：BDCAB DBACD

niuniu · 发表于 06-6-22 00:09:36

考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 32

一、    真题文章（1995年text 2）

There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external result or product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language---all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts.

　By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since by definition it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles. In this process , the journey never really ends; there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept .

　　In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to confront the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may \"fail\" at first. How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential to our ability to grow. Do we perceive ourselves as quick and curious? If so, then we tend to take more chances and to be more open to unfamiliar experiences. Do we think we\'re shy and indecisive? Then our sense of timidity can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly, and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe. Do we think we\'re slow to adapt to change or that we\' re not smart enough to cope with a new challenge? Then we are likely to take a more passive role or not try at all.

These feelings of insecurity and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow. If we do not confront and overcome these internal fears and doubts, if we protect ourselves too much, then we cease to grow. We become trapped inside a shell of our own making .

二、    译文

对成长的看法基本上有两种：一种把成长看成是结果，一种把它看成是过程。人们大多把个人成长看成是容易识别和衡量的外部结果。工人得到了晋升，学生的成绩有了提高，外国人学会了一门新语言——所有这些都是取得了能显示出他们努力的可衡量结果的例子。

相比之下，个人成长的过程却比较难以确定，因为从定义上可以看出，它是一个旅程，而不是旅程中特定的标志或里程碑。这个过程指的并不是道路本身，而是人们在遭遇新的体验和预料不到的挫折时的态度和情感，勇气和忧虑。在这个过程中，这一旅程永远没有终点，总是有新的体验，新的尝试和新的挑战。

为了实现个人成长，探索新道路，人们需要有愿意冒风险的精神，人们要有勇于面对未知的世界的精神，人们要有敢于接受开始时也许就会失败的可能性。我们在探索新路的时候如何看待自己，这对我们的成长能力是至关重要的。我们是否认为自己头脑灵活、好奇心强？如果是这样，我们会更愿意冒风险，更愿意尝试不熟悉的体验。我们是否认为自己羞怯而缺乏主见？如果这样，那么胆怯会使我们犹豫、行动缓慢，在迈出一步之前总是先要确定路况是否安全。我们是否认为自己调整自我以适应变化很慢，或我们是否认为自己不够聪明，无法迎接新的挑战？这样的话，我们可能会采取更加被动的态度，或者根本就不去尝试新的事物。

如果我们要去改变自我并成长的话，这些不安全感和自我怀疑都是不可避免的和必经的。如果无法面对和克服这些内心的恐惧和疑虑，如果我们对自己过分保护，那我们就会停止成长，我们就会作茧自缚。

三、    考研核心词汇

external / eks5tE:nl / adj. 1外部的, 客观的, [医]外用的2外国的

n. 外部, 外面

[例] An internal sense of righteousness dwindles into an external concern for reputation? A. R. Gurney, Jr.)

“内心的正义感变成对外在名誉的关心”(小A.R.格尼)

[同义] exterior ， outer， outside， surface

[反义] internal / in5tE:nl / adj. 内在的, 国内的

measure / 5meVE / n. 1尺寸, 量度器, 量度标准2方法, 测量, 措施 vt. 1测量, 测度, 估量2分派, 权衡, 调节 vi. 量

[例] 1测量：The standard kilogram is maintained as a measure of mass.

标准的千克是测量质量的量度

  2较量She measured her power with that of a dangerous adversary.

她拿自己的力量和危险的敌手进行较量

[同义] appraise ，assess ，compare， estimate ，grade， rank ，rate ，size

[固定搭配] measure up （常与to连用）合格；符合（标准）

contrast / 5kCntrAst / vt. 使与...对比, 使与...对照 vi. 和...形成对照 n. 对比, 对照, (对照中的)差异

[例] My new school was a welcome contrast to the one before.

我的新学校比以前的好多了。

[同义] compare， liken， match， measure

definition /7defi5niFEn / n. 1定义2解说3 精确度, (轮廓影像等的)清晰度

[例] Good photographs have definition. 好的照片都很清晰。

[派生] define / di5fain / vt. 定义, 详细说明

definite / 5definit / adj. 明确的, 一定的

specific / spi5sifik / n. 1特效药2细节 adj. 1详细而精确的, 明确的2特殊的, 特效的, [生物]种的

[例] I want a specific answer.

我想要一个明确的回答。

[同义] definite ，fixed， particular ，precise， special

[反义] general / 5dVenErEl / n. 1普通2将军3概要 adj. 1一般的, 普通的2综合的, 概括的, 全面的, 大体的 n. 常规

[派生] specify / 5spesifai / vt. 1指定2详细说明, 列入清单

specification / 7spesifi5keiFEn / n. 详述, 规格, 说明书, 规范

signpost / 5saInpEJst/ n. 路标

[例] We usually put up signposts on the highway for the drivers.

我们经常在高速公路上为司机们设立些路标。

landmark / 5lAndmB:k / n. 1(航海)陆标, 地界标, 里程碑2划时代的事

[例] The Potala Palace is Tibet’s cardinal landmark and a structure that deserves a place as one of the wonders of eastern architecture.

布达拉宫是西藏标志性的建筑，它能被认为是东方建筑的奇迹之一。

[同义] milestone ，point

attitude / 5Atitju:d / n. 1姿势, 态度，意见

[例] People\'s attitude towards the skyscrapers varies widely.

人们对这些摩天大楼的态度很不相同。

[同义] opinion ，position ，standpoint ，viewpoint

encounter / in5kauntE / v. 遭遇, 遇到, 相遇 n. 遭遇, 遭遇战

[例] The young scientists encountered many difficulties during their exploration.

年轻的科学家们在探险期间遇到了许多困难。

[同义] battle， collide， come across， confront ，meet， oppose

obstacle / 5CbstEkl / n. 障碍, 妨害物

[例] We combat obstacles in order to get repose? Henry Adams).

“为了获得歇息，我们与困难斗争”（亨利·亚当斯）。

[同义] barrier， block， deterrent ，hindrance ，hitch， impediment obstruction， snag ，stoppage

[反义] help / help / n. 帮忙, 补救办法, 助手, 治疗, <美>佣工 vt. 帮助, 助长, 接济, 治疗, 款待 vi. 有用, 救命, 招待

challenge / 5tFAlindV / n. 挑战 vt. 向...挑战

[例] He challenged me to play another tennis game.

他向我挑战要我跟他再打一场网球。

[同义] confront, dare ,defy ,dispute, doubt ,question

[派生] challenging / 5tFAlindViN / adj. 引起挑战性兴趣的, 挑逗的

risk / risk / vt. 冒...的危险 n. 冒险, 风险

[例] His action risked a sharp reprisal.

他的行为冒着极可能遭到报复的危险

[同义] chance, endanger ,expose, gamble ,hazard ,imperil, jeopardize ,venture

[反义] safety / 5seifti / n. 安全, 保险, 安全设备, 保险装置

[固定搭配] run[take] the risk of doing sth. 冒险做某事；take no risks 慎重行事；

at risk 在危险中；

confront / kEn5frQnt / vt. 使面临, 对抗

[例] I wish to confront my accuser in a court of law.

我希望和控告我的人当庭对质

[同义] encounter, face , oppose

[派生] confrontation / 7kCnfrQn5teiFEn / n. 面对, 面对面, 对质

essential / i5senFEl / adj. 1本质的, 实质的, 基本的2提炼的, 精华的

n. 1本质, 实质2要素, 要点

[例] What is the essential difference between these two economic systems?

这两种经济体制的本质区别是什么?

[同义] basic, fundamental, important, necessary , needed, required , vital

[派生] essence / 5esns / n. 基本, [哲]本质, 香精

perceive / pE5si:v / vt. 察觉 v. 感知, 感到, 认识到

[例] I perceived that I could not make her change her mind.

我发觉我不能使她改变她的主意。

[同义] detect, distinguish, experience, feel make out, observe, recognize sense

[派生] perception / pE5sepFEn / n.理解, 感知, 感觉, DPS公司出的数字影像压缩卡

perceptive / pE5septiv / adj. 有理解的

tend / tend / vi . 趋向, 往往是 vt. 照管, 护理

[例] People under stress tend to express their full range of potential.

处于压力下的人容易发挥自己全部的潜力。

[同义] administer, attend , bend , care for, foster, help , incline

[派生] tendency / 5tendEnsi / n. 趋向, 倾向

indecisive / 7 indi5saisiv / adj. 非决定性的

[例] There are no indecisive boundaries between the two opinions.

这两种意见界线分明。

[反义] decisive / di5saisiv / adj. 决定性的

timidity / ti5miditi / n. 胆怯

[例] His timidity prevented him from asking her to the dance .

  他由于胆怯没敢邀请她去参加舞会。

[派生] timid / 5timid / adj. 胆小的, 羞怯的

hesitate / 5heziteit / v. 犹豫, 踌躇, 不愿

[例] He hesitated before he answered because he didn\'t know what to say.

他在回答之前犹豫了一下，因为他不知道说什么。

[同义] falter， flounder， let up ，pause， rest， waver

[反义] dare ，decide ，determine

[派生] hesitation / 7hezi5teiFEn / n. 犹豫, 踌躇

cope / kEup / vi. (善于)应付, (善于)处理

[例] She is not a competent driver and can\'t cope with driving in heavy traffic.

\"她不是个能干的司机,在交通拥挤时就开不好车。\"

[同义] face， put up ，struggle

insecurity / 7insi5kjuEriti / n. 不安全, 不安全感

[例] The child’s feeling of insecurity was caused by his mother’s early death .

  这孩子无依无靠的感觉是由于他母亲早死所造成的。

[反义] security / si5kjuEriti / n. 安全

[派生] secure / si5kjuE / adj. 安全的, 可靠的, 放心的, 无虑的 v. 保护

unavoidable / 5QnE5vCidEbl / adj. 不能避免的, 不能取消的

[例] an unavoidable accident 必然会发生的事故

[同义] certain， inescapable， inevitable ， sure

[反义] avoidable / E5vCidEbl / adj. 可避免的

overcome / 7EuvE5kQm / vt. 战胜, 克服, 胜过 vi. 得胜

[例] We were overcome with joy. 我们喜出望外。

[同义] conquer ，defeat， drive off， frustrate， overpower， surmount

[反义] submit / sEb5mit / v. 使)服从, (使)顺从 vt. 提交, 递交

cease / si:s / v. 停止, 终了

[例] We worked without cease to get the project finished on time.

我们不停地生产以便按时完成计划

[同义] discontinue， end， halt， quit ，stop

[反义] begin / bI5^In/ v. 开始, 首先

[固定搭配] cease out 绝迹； cease to be 不再是；cease to be in force 失效；

cease to be in effect 失效；

四、强化练习

1.    We ______ the length of a race in meters, but the length of the long jump event in feet and inches.

A. abandon B. discard C. attain    D. measure

2.    There are 18.2 million Americans with diabetes(糖尿病) -- and nearly one-third of them (or 5.2 million people) do not know it! Take this test to see if you are at ______ for having or developing diabetes.

A. risk    B. gate    C. edge    D. safety

3.    Defining disability is difficult because there are dozens of ______ – each with a purpose to it.

A. definitions B. consumption C. associations D. attendance

4.    If you ever need anything please don\'t _______ to ask someone else first.

A. think    B. assure    C. hesitate    D. agree

5.    \"It\'s more difficult for unwed(未婚的) mothers to get married, and if they do, they ____ to not marry well,\" said Zhenchao Qian, associate professor of sociology at Ohio State University.

A. likely    B. tend    C. suffer    D. condemn

6.    A group of Turkish female activists ______ Undersecretary of State Karen Hughes yesterday with heated complaints about the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq, turning a session designed to highlight the empowerment of women into a raw display of anger at U.S. policy in the region.

A. conformed B. conceded C. concluded    D. confronted

7.    Upon joining the firm, all new analysts participate in an intense training program to learn the ______ concepts and methodologies used by practicing management consultants.

A. vertical    B. vice    C. essential    D. visual

8.    When I passed by the house last night, I ____ a man entering the house because I saw the curtain was moving in dark.

A. proceeded B. perceived C. vibrated    D. renovated

9.    Discipline is a requirement to conform _____ standards of conduct. It arises from the need to bring about a balance between what an individual wants to do, what he wants of others, and the limitations and restrictions demanded by society or by the hazards in the physical environment.

A. external    B. internal C. inside    D. grim

10. I spent the rest of the afternoon at the park watching a very brave little girl _____ a fear, and congratulating myself for being a self-sufficient single parent.

A. grope       B. overcome C. flap    D. bump

答案：DAACB DCBAB

考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 33

一、    真题文章（1995年text 3）

In such a changing , complex society formerly simple solutions to informational needs become complicated. Many of life\' s problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve. Where to turn for expert information and how to determine which expert advice to accept are questions facing many people today.

　　In addition to this, there is the growing mobility of people since World WarⅡ. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable. The almost unconscious flow of information about the simplest aspects of living can be cut off. Thus, things once learned subconsciously through the casual communications of the extended family must be consciously learned .

　　Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before. Computer technology makes it possible to store vast amounts of data in machine-readable files, and to program computers to locate specific information. Telecommunications developments enable the sending of messages via television, radio, and very shortly, electronic mail to bombard people with multitudes of messages. Satellites have extended the power of communications to report events at the instant of occurrence. Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site. Technology has facilitated the sharing of information and the storage and delivery of information, thus making more information available to more people.

In this world of change and complexity, the need for information is of greatest importance. Those people who have accurate, reliable up-to-date information to solve the day-to-day problems, the critical problems of their business, social and family life, will survive and succeed. \"Knowledge is power\" may well be the truest saying and access to information may be the most critical requirement of all people.

二、译文

在当今这个复杂多变的社会里，以前对信息需求的那种简单的解决办法已经变得复杂化了。以前生活中的许多问题都是靠征求家庭成员、朋友或同事的意见来解决的，但现在这些问题已经不是这种大家庭的能力能解决的了。去哪里征求专家的意见以及如何决定采取哪个专家的意见，这是当今许多人面临的问题。

除此之外，第二次世界大战以后，人口的流动性越来越大。当家庭搬离原来稳定的社区时，当家庭搬离多年的朋友时，当家庭搬离他们拓展了的家庭关系时，信息的非正式流动被切断了，随之被切断的是人们对这种信息来源的信心，人们无法确定这种信息还是否能够及时得到，或者这样的信息还是否可靠。这种在不知不觉中进行的关于生活琐事的信息的传递可能被中断。因此，原来那些在大家庭的闲聊中不知不觉得到的信息，现在就必须有意识的去寻找了。

随着信息量的不断增加，科学技术的发展使得更多的信息得以储存，并能更快地传递到更多地方。电脑技术能够将大量的数据储存在机器可以阅读的文件里，程序使电脑能够找到某条特定的信息。电讯技术的发展使信息可以通过电视、收音机来传递，很快电子邮件的出现会让人们受到无数信息的狂轰滥炸。卫星使通讯具有了报道即时发生事件的能力。通过电视会议全球可以共享专家的意见，参与解决问题争端的各方无需离开家庭和工作岗位长途旅行去开会。科学技术便利了信息的储存、传送和共享，使得更多的人能够得到更多的信息。

在这个复杂多变的社会里，对信息的需要占有举足轻重的地位。谁拥有了及时、准确、可靠的信息来解决每天遇到的问题，谁的事业、家庭和社会生活就会成功。“知识就是力量”是真知灼见，获得信息可能成为人们最重要的需求。

三、考研核心词汇

complex / 5kCmpleks / adj. 1复杂的2合成的, 综合的 n.联合体

[例] A computer is certaintly a complex machine.

电脑当然是一种结构复杂的机器。

[同义] complicated ，confused， inclination， involved ， mixed ，

[反义] brief ，plain ，simple

formerly /5fC:mElI/ adv. 从前, 以前, 原来

[例] \"He formerly worked in a university, but now he\'s a lawyer.\"

\"他以前曾在大学工作,但现在是个律师。\"

[派生] former / 5fC:mE / adj. 从前的, 以前的 n. 形成者, 创造者, 模型, 样板

solution / sE5lju:FEn / n. 1解答, 解决办法2溶解, 溶液

[例] This is the only practicable solution imaginable.

这是唯一想得出的切实可行的解决办法。

[同义] answer ， explanation ，finding ，outcome ，resolution， result；mixture

[派生] solute / 5sClju:t / n. 溶解物, 溶质

complicated / 5kCmplikeitid / adj. 复杂的, 难解的

[例] The regulations are so complicated that nothing can be made of them by the layman . 这些条例如此复杂，外行什麽也看不懂。

[派生] complicate /5kCmplikeit / v. (使)变复杂

complication /7kCmpli5keiF(E)n / n. 复杂化, (使复杂的)因素n. [医]并发症

colleague / 5kCli:^ / n. 同事, 同僚

[例] My colleagues are all well-known scholars. 我的同事都是知名学者。

[同义] companion ，comrade， friend ，partner，associate， buddy

extend / iks5tend/ v. 扩充, 延伸, 伸展, 扩大[军] 使疏开, 给予, 提供,化出的全文 <英>[律]对(地产等)估价

[例] The headmaster extended our holiday by four days.

校长把我们的假期延长了四天。

[同义] enlarge ， expand

[反义] shrink / FriNk / v. 收缩, (使)皱缩, 缩短

  contract / 5kCntrAkt / n. 合同, 契约, 婚约 v. 使缩短, 感染, 订约

[派生] extension / iks5tenFEn / n. 延长, 扩充, 范围 n. 扩展名

adj. [逻]外延的, 客观现实的

extensive / iks5tensiv / adj. 广大的, 广阔的, 广泛的

resolve / ri5zClv / n. 决心 v. 1决心, 决定, 决心要2(使)分解, 溶解, 解决

vt. 解决

[例] This mixture resolves into two substances.

这混合物会分解成两种物质。

[同义] decide ，determine， settle

[反义] blend / blend / vt. 混和 n. 混和

[派生] resolution / 7rezE5lju:FEn / n. 坚定, 决心, 决定, 决议

   resolute / 5rezElju:t / adj. 坚决的

addition /E5diFEn / n. 加, 加起来, 增加物, 增加, 加法

[例] Our baby brother is an addition to our family.

新出生的弟弟使我们家多了一口人。

[反义] subtraction / sEb5trAkFEn / n. 减少

[固定搭配] in addition 加上, 又, 另外；in addition to 加上, 除...外, 又；with the addition of 外加；

mobility / mEu5biliti / n. 活动性, 灵活性, 迁移率, 机动性

[例] the mobility of a liquid 液体的流动性

[派生] mobile / 5mEubail / adj. 可移动的, 易变的, 机动的 n. 运动物体

stable / 5steibl/ adj. 稳定的

[例] Markets are flourishing and prices are stable. 市场繁荣, 物价稳定。

[同义] barn ，established ，firm， secure ，settled， sound ，steadfast ，steady

informal / in5fC:mEl/ adj. 不正式的, 不拘礼节的

[例] informal dress 便服

[同义] colloquial

[反义] formal / 5fC:mEl / adj. 外形的, 正式的, 合礼仪的, 形式的, 整齐匀称的

n. 正式的社交活动

niuniu · 发表于 06-6-22 00:09:48

reliable / ri5laiEbl / adj. 可靠的,可信赖的

[例] It\'s not reliable to judge a man only by his looks.

单凭容貌来判断一个人是不可靠的。

[同义] dependable， devoted ，faithful， loyal ，safe，trustworthy

[反义] unreliable / 5Qnri5laiEbl / adj. 不可靠的

aspect /5Aspekt / n. 样子, 外表, 面貌, (问题等的)方面

[例] The building has a southern aspect. 那座建筑是朝南的。

[同义] appearance ，look ，view

subconscious / 5sQb5kCnFEs / adj. 下意识的

[例] I found it fascinating to learn that the subconscious mind can control our buying habits. 我发现潜意识能够控制我们的购买习惯，这是非常神奇的。

casual / 5kAVjuEl / adj. 偶然的, 不经意的, 临时的

[例] The casual newspaper reader wouldn\'t like long articles on serious subjects every day.

随便看看报纸的人不愿每天看那些有关严肃主题的长文章。

[同义] accidental， chance ，informal， natural，unexpected

[反义] planned /plAnd/ adj. 计划了的, 根据计划的

quantity / 5kwCntiti / n. 量, 数量

[例] Mathematics is the science of pure quantity. 数学是纯粹研究数量的科学。

[同义] amount， measure， multitude， number， portion， sum ，volume

[反义] quality / 5kwCliti / n. 质量, 品质, 性质

[派生] quantify / 5kwCntifai / vt. 确定数 v. 量化

storage / 5stCridV/ n. 贮藏(量), 贮藏库, 存储

[例] We have storage in the attic. 我们在顶楼有储藏室。

[派生] store / stC:, stCE / vt. 贮藏, 贮备, 存储 n. 1商店, 店铺2贮藏, 贮备

delivery /di5livEri / n. 1递送, 交付2分娩 n. [律] 财产等的正式移交发送,传输

[例] There is no delivery of letters on Sundays.

星期日不送信。

[同义] dispatch , transmission

[派生] deliver / di5livE / vt. 递送, 陈述, 释放, 发表(一篇演说等), 交付, 引渡, 瞄准, 给予(打击)

data /5deitE / n. datum的复数, [计] 资料, 数据

[例] I’m afraid you have not sufficient data .

  我想你没有足够的资料。

file / fail / n. 1文件, 档案, 文件夹2锉刀 vt. 1 把...归档, 提出(申请等)2锉, 琢磨 vi. 列队行进, 用锉刀锉

[例] Here\'s our file on the results of the business in the past five years.

这是我们过去五年来经营成绩的案卷。

[同义] catalog ，categorize， classify， grind， group ，march， parade，

telecommunication / 5telikEmju:ni5keiFEn / n. 电讯, 长途通讯, 无线电通讯, 电信学

[例] Telecommunications is an important area of professional growth.

电信学是增加专业知识的重要领域

via / 5vaiE, 5vi:E/ prep. 经, 通过, 经由

[例] I sent a message to Mary via her brother. 我托玛丽的兄弟把信带给她。

bombard / 5bCmbB:d / vt. 炮轰；轰击

[例] The spokesman was bombarded with questions on the press conference.

新闻发布会上那位发言人遭到了连珠炮般的发问。

[同义] attack ，open fire ，shell ，torpedo

multitude /5mQltitju:d / n. 1多数2群众

[例] He has a multitude of friend. 他有许多朋友。

instant /5instEnt / adj. 立即的, 直接的, 紧迫的, (食品)速溶的, 方便的, n. (某一)时刻瞬息; 霎时 [口]可速食的食物; 速溶饮料

[例] He paused for an instant. 他停了一会儿。

[同义] immediate ，moment， pressing ，prompt

[派生] instantly / 5instEntli / adv. 立即地, 即刻地

occurrence / E5kQrEns/ n. 1发生, 出现2事件, 发生的事情

[例] the occurrence of an accident 意外的发生

[同义] event , happening , incident

[派生] occur / E5kE: / vi. 发生, 出现

expertise / 7ekspE5ti:z / n. 专家的意见, 专门技术

[例] We admired the expertise of the racing driver .

  我们很欣赏那赛车手的高超技术。

[同义] knowledge

teleconferencing / teli5kCnfErEnsiN / n. 电信会议

[例] Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site.
通过远程会议，专家知识可以在全世界范围内被分享，而争论的问题能够得到解决，同时相关人员也不必离开他们的家庭或工作跑到一个遥远的开会地点。

dispute / dis5pju:t / v. 1争论, 辩论, 怀疑2抗拒, 阻止 n. 争论, 辩论, 争吵

[例] Our team disputed the visitors\' claim to the championship.

我们队伍与客队争夺锦标

[同义] argue, bicker, contest ,debate, fight, oppose ,quarrel ,resist

[反义] agree / E5^ri: / vi. 同意, 赞成...的意见, 与...一致, 承认, 适合

vt. 同意

[派生] disputation / 7dispju(:)5teiFEn / n. 争论, 驳斥, 议论

[固定搭配] in dispute with 与…有争议；under dispute 在争论中；在辩论中；

participant / pB:5tisipEnt / n. 参与者, 共享的 adj. 参与的

[例] participants in a card game 参加玩纸牌的人

[派生] participate / pB:5tisipeit / vi. 参与, 参加, 分享, 分担

   participation / pB:7tisi5peiFEn / n. 分享, 参与

facilitate / fE5siliteit/ vt.（不以人作主语的）使容易, 使便利, 推动, 帮助, 使容易, 促进

[例] It would facilitate matters if you were more co-operative

你再合作些，事情就会变得更容易。

[同义] assist ，ease， help ，speed

[反义] hinder / 5hindE / adj. 后面的 v. 阻碍, 打扰

[派生] facilitation / fE9sIlI`teiFEn / n. 简易化, 助长

complexity / kEm5pleksiti / n. 复杂(性), 复杂的事物, 复杂性

[例] The complexity of the road map puzzled me.

错综复杂的公路图把我搞糊涂了。

[同义] complication

[反义] simplicity / sim5plisiti / n. 简单, 简易, 朴素, 直率

[派生] complex / 5kCmpleks / adj. 复杂的, 合成的, 综合的 n. 联合体

accurate / 5Akjurit/ adj. 正确的, 精确的

[例] Is this watch accurate？这只表准吗?

[同义] perfect

[反义] inaccurate / in5Akjurit / adj. 错误的, 不准确的

[派生] accuracy / 5AkjurEsi / n. 精确性, 正确度

critical / 5kritikEl / adj. 1评论的, 鉴定的, 批评的2危急的, 临界的

[例] A critical temperature of water is 100 ℃, its boiling point at standard atmospheric pressure.

在标准大气压力下，水的沸点为100 ℃

[同义] crucial， decisive ，faultfinding ，pressing，urgent

[反义] complimentary / 7kCmpli5ment(E)ri / adj. 问候的, 称赞的, 夸奖的, 免费赠送的

[派生] criticize / 5kritisaiz / v. 批评, 责备

四、强化练习

1.    The world is full of _____ networks that scientists would like to better understand---human social systems, for example, or food webs in nature. But discerning patterns of organization in such vast, complex systems is no easy task.

A. signal    B. distinct    C. dizzy    D. complicated

2.    As Internet users quickly discover, an enormous amount of health information is available online. Finding _____ and reliable information on genetic and rare diseases among the millions of online sources is a difficult task for almost everyone.

A. accurate    B. easy    C. invalid    D. abundant

3.    RESOLVE of Ohio, Inc. is a chapter of a national nonprofit organization that provides education, advocacy, and support for those who experience infertility or need information about any ______ of family building or infertility resolution .

A. fashion    B. vogue    C. aspect    D. fatigue

4.    Any institution that evaluates a faculty member on volume of publication without considering the quality of the work does not deserve to be considered a university. Thus, I vigorously reject the notion that in an expanding age of knowledge, reduction of the ______ of scholarship published is a viable solution.

A. quantity    B. quality    C. patent    D. fare

5.    Pickering is grateful for the federal largesse, even as many of his Republican ______ raise alarms about the government’s exploding deficit spending.

A. classmates B. students    C. fancy    D. colleagues

6.    I shall limit my remarks about a ______ to the scholarly journals portion of the problem. While scholarly journals are not all of the problem, they are the most acute part of it.

A. deprive    B. deny    C. solution    D. descend

7.    How many times have you bought something that consciously you knew you couldn’t afford, but _______ you imagined the pleasure and positive emotions you would receive as a result of buying it?

A. consequently B. artificially C. subsequently D. subconsciously

8.    Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas said he would_______ Ariel Sharon with demands at a forthcoming Middle East summit and reiterated calls on Palestinian movements to stop carrying weapons in public and internal fighting in the Gaza Strip.

A. collide    B. bombard C. crash    D. deprive

9.    With over 100 articles and original pieces, the encyclopedia provides a comprehensive survey of _______ education and lifelong learning.

A. informal    B. conditional C. transient D. confidential

10. The meeting’s emphasis is on the nature of the specific contractual bonds between _________.

A. conducts    B. actions    C. participants D. juries

答案：DACAD CDBAC

考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 34

一、    真题文章（1995年text 4）

Personality is to a large extent inherent——A-type-parents usually bring about A-type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children.

　　One place where children soak up A-characteristics is school , which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the \'win at all costs\' moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system , in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides , the first marathon runner , dropped dead seconds after saying: \' Rejoice, we conquer! \'

　　By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable , but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.

　　Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A-youngsters change into B\' s. The world needs A types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child\' s personality to his possible future employment . It is top management .

If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions , especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A-type stock. B\'s are important and should be encouraged.

二、    译文

性格从很大程度上来说是遗传的——A性格的父母通常养育的儿女也是A性格的。但是环境一定也起了很重要的作用，因为如果竞争对父母是重要的，那么竞争在子女的生活中也是一个重要的因素。

养成A类性格的地方之一就是学校，从本质上说，学校是一个高度竞争的机构。有太多的学校把“不惜一切赢取胜利”作为道德标准，并夸耀成就来衡量他们的胜利。现在，学校热情地鼓励孩子们和同学竞赛与时间赛跑，这就产生了一个两层系统，在这个系统里，其中有竞争意识的A性格学生似乎在很多方面都优于B性格的学生。但是，对胜利太热衷也会导致危险的结果：还记得第一个马拉松运动员Pheidippides，在说完“欢庆吧，我们胜利了！”之后，就倒下死掉了。

到目前为止，学校竞争中最糟糕的形式是对考试的过分强调。很少有学校允许学生专注于自己擅长的事情。用考试来竞争的优点在某种程度上是值得怀疑的，但是明知道会失败还要参加竞争，这对学生的影响是非常不好的。

显然，让A性格的年轻人全部转变为B性格的，这样做既不切实际，也不值得。这个世界需要各种各样的性格，学校有一个重要的职责就是使学生的性格能适合他们将来可能的职业，这才是管理的最高境界。

如果学校对学业的关注少一些，而多花些时间来培养学生的价值观。也许挑选护理专业（尤其是医药专业）的从业人员时，可以更少的考虑些化学的成绩高低，而更多的考虑些细心和同情心这样的因素。只从A性格的人里挑选医生，这显然不对，B性格的人也很重要，也应该加以鼓励。

三、    考研核心词汇

extent / iks5tent / n. 1广度, 宽度, 范围, 程度2 [律]<英>扣押, <美>临时所有权令

[例] I agree with you to some extent.

我部分地同意你。

[固定搭配] to some extent 某种程度上

inherent / in5hiErEnt / adj. 固有的, 内在的, 与生俱来的

[例] Polarity is inherent in a magnet.

极性是磁铁的固有性质。

[同义] existing， instinctive ，internal， natural

[反义] acquired / E5kwaiEd / adj.已获得的, 已成习惯的, 后天通过自己的努力得到的

offspring / 5RfsprIN; (?@) 5C:f- / n.1(单复数同形)儿女, 子孙, 后代2产物

[例] the offspring of modern times 近代的产物

[同义] child ，descendant ，young

profound / prE5faund / adj. 深刻的, 意义深远的, 渊博的, 造诣深的

[例] We had a profound lesson in ideological education yesterday.

昨天我们上了一堂深刻的思想教育课。

[同义] deep ，extreme， great， intense， serious

[反义] shallow / 5FAlEu / adj. 浅的, 浅薄的

soak / sEuk / v. 浸, 泡, 浸透 n. 浸透

[例] The speaker paused to let her words soak in.

讲话者暂停了一下，以便她的话被人们理解

[同义] drench ，saturate， sop ，steep， wet

[反义] dry / drai / adj. 干的, 干燥的, 口渴的 vt.(使)干燥, (使)变干

v.干燥

characteristic / 7kAriktE5ristik / adj. 特有的, 表示特性的, 典型的

n.特性, 特征

[例] What are the characteristics that distinguish the Chinese from the

Japanese?

中国人区别于日本人的特征是什么?

[派生] character / 5kAriktE / n.(事物的)特性, 性质, 特征(的总和), 品质, 字符, 性格, 特征, 人物vt.写, 刻, 印, 使具有特征

institution / 7insti5tju:FEn / n. 1公共机构, 协会2制度

[例] Marriage became an institution in ancient societies.

婚姻在古代社会就已经成为一种制度。

moral / 5mCrEl / adj. 道德(上)的, 精神的n. 道德

[例] \"The old gentleman claimed himself to be a very moral man, who

had never told a lie in his life.\"

\"这位老先生声称自己是个很有道德的人,他一生中从未说过一次谎。\"

[同义] ethical , honorable, virtuous

[反义] immoral / i5mCrEl / adj.不道德的, 邪恶的, 放荡的, 淫荡的

[派生] morality / mR5rAlItI/ adj. 道德的 n. 道德

current / 5kQrEnt / adj. 1当前的, 通用的, 流通的, 现在的 2草写的,

n. 1 涌流, 趋势2电流, 水流, 气流

[例] Newspapers influence the current of thought.

报纸影响思想潮流。

[同义] flow, happening ,present, prevalent ,stream

[派生] currency / 5kQrEnsi / n. 流通

passion / 5pAFEn / n. 激情, 热情

[例] His skills as a player don\'t quite match his passion for the game.

他的水平与他对这项游戏的酷爱程度不太相配

[同义] affection, enthusiasm ,fervor, fondness, love

[派生] passionate / 5pAFEnit / adj.充满热情的

keen / ki:n / adj. 1锋利的, 敏锐的, 敏捷的2热心的, 渴望的

[例] A keen north wind was blowing.

刮着刺骨的北风。

[同义] acute ,bright ,clever , quick, sharp

[反义] blunt / blQnt / adj. 钝的, 生硬的

consequence / 5kCnsikwEns / n. 结果, [逻]推理, 推论, 因果关系, 重要的地位

[例] As a consequence of being in hospital, Shelly decided that she wanted

to become a nurse.

由于在医院的缘故，谢莉决定当一名护士。

[反义] cause / kC:z / n. 原因, 动机, 理由, 根据, 目标, 理想, 事业 vt. 引起, 惹起, 使(发生), 促成

[派生] consequent /5kCnsikwEnt /    adj. 作为结果的, 随之发生的

consequently / 5kRnsIkwEntlI / adv. 从而, 因此

rejoice / ri5dVCis / v. (使)欣喜, (使)高兴, 喜悦

[例] I rejoice to hear your success.

听到你的成功我很高兴。

[同义] celebrate , cheer, delight , encourage , inspire

[反义] grieve / ^ri:v / v. (使)悲痛, (使)伤心, 忧伤

conquer / 5kCNkE / vt.1 征服, 战胜, 占领2克服(困难等), 破(坏习惯等)

[例] \"According to the textbook of history, the Normans conquered England

in 1066.\"

据历史书记载诺曼底人于一零六六年占领了英格兰。

[同义] crush , defeat , overtake , triumph , vanquish , win

[反义] surrender / sE5rendE / vt. 交出, 放弃, 使投降, 听任 vi.投降, 自首 n. 交出, 放弃, 投降

disproportionate / 7disprE5pC:FEnit / adj. 不成比例

[例] a supply in disproportion with the demand 供求的不均衡

[反义] proportionate / prE5pC:FEnit / adj. 成比例的 v. 成比例

rare / rZE / adj. 1稀罕的, 杰出的, 珍贵的2(肉类)半熟的 adv. 非常

[例] That bird is very rare in this country.

那种鸟在这个国家很稀有。

[同义] infrequent, peculiar, scarce, sparse, uncommon , unusual

[反义] dense / dens / adj. 密集的, 浓厚的

concentrate / 5kCnsentreit / v. 集中, 浓缩

[例] We concentrated on the task before us.

我们专注于眼前的任务

[同义] focus , intensify , strengthen

[反义] distract / dis5trAkt / v. 转移

merit / 5merit / n. 1优点2价值 v. 有益于

[例] There\'s little merit in passing the driving test if you don\'t have a car of

your own.

\"如果你没有自己的汽车,通过驾驶考试也没什么价值。\"

[同义] excellence , fineness, goodness , quality , value , worth

[反义] defect / di5fekt / n. 过失, 缺点

youngster / 5jQNstE / n. 年青人, 少年

[例] In fact, fashion clothes had become indispensable part of youngster\'s life.

  事实上时尚服装已成为年轻人生活当中不可缺少的一部分。

[同义] child, kid, minor , youth

[反义] oldster / 5EuldstE / n. 老人

preoccupation / pri(:)7Ckju5peiFEn / n. 1当务之急2出神3令人全神贯事物

[例] Money was their chief preoccupation.

钱是他们所专注的东西

academic / 7AkE5demik / adj. 学院的, 理论的

[例] He has no academic qualifications, but he is highly educated .

他没有正式的学历，但他的学问是很高深的。

[派生] academy / E5kAdEmi / n. (高等)专科院校, 研究院, 学会, 学术团体, 学院

sensitivity / 5sensi5tiviti / n. 敏感, 灵敏(度), 灵敏性

[例] tactile sensitivity 触觉

[派生] sensitive / 5sensitiv / adj. 敏感的, 灵敏的, 感光的

sympathy / 5simpEWi / n. 同情, 同情心

[例] I have been a prisoner, so I have a lot of sympathy with other people

in prison.

我曾经是个犯人，因此我对其他在监狱里的人深表同情。

[同义]compassion，condolence，mercy， pity

[反义]antipathy / An5tipEWi / n. 憎恶, 反感

[派生] sympathetic / 7simpE5Wetik / adj. 有同情心的, 合意的, 赞成的

n. [解]交感神经, 容易感受的人

exclusively /Ik5sklu:sIvlI/ adv. 排外地, 专有地

[例] This sample room is exclusively for women.

这试衣室仅供妇女使用。

[反义] inclusively adv.包含地, 在内地

[派生] exclusive / iks5klu:siv / adj. 1排外的, 孤高的, 独占的, 唯一的2高级的

四、    强化练习

1.    Stewart initially said she doubted her trip would be approved in time but Canadian immigration officials, ______ to avoid a public relations faux pas(失礼), contacted her office to say she would quickly get the permit if she applied for one.

A. dull    B. obsolete C. nearly    D. keen

2.    By taking a major-related part-job, students can not only improve their ______ studies, but gain much experience, experience they will never be able to get from the textbooks.

A. academic B. classic C. empty    D. desolate

3.    My suggestions to deal with the problem are as follows. To begin with, it is urgent to create nature reserves. Secondly, certain _____ wild animals that are going to be extinct should be collected, fed and reproduced artificially. Finally, those who hunter them must be punished severely.

A. common B. ordinary C. rare    D. seen

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