4. What\'s more, living in school can save them a great deal of time on the way between home and school everyday, so they would be able to ______ more time and energy on their academic work.
A. contract B. connect C. delete D. concentrate
5. Parents should be encouraged to send their children to nursery schools, which will bring about ____ impacts on children and families, and even the society as a whole.
A. deteriorated B. profound C. rot D. contextual
6. Some argue that the evaporation of the bubble of IT economy is the signal of the end of the game. I think they may be right to some _____.
A. extent B. domain C. region D. category
7. \"I am sure that vast majority of ordinary Muslims feel a sense of immense outrage and _______ and shame at the attacks,\" said Muslim Ibrahim Kamahl.
A. contribution B. devoted C. praise D. sympathy
8. The combination of Information Home for Farmers with rural specialized associations helps improve the ______ for market of these associations and increased the compatibility of agricultural products.
A. doom B. sensitivity C. capability D. sensation
9. From these results, the scientists developed a mathematical model to describe the _______ stability of wet sand.
A. greedy B. graceful C. eloquent D. inherent
10. As a _______ of globalization, road transport links do not stop at frontiers of continents, said Martin Marmy , IRU\'s secretary-general, at the conference.
A. eminent B. contemporary C. consequence D. content
答案：DACDB ADBDC
考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 35
一、 真题文章（1995年text 5）
That experiences influence subsequent behavior is evidence of an obvious but nevertheless remarkable activity called remembering. Learning could not occur without the function popularly named memory. Constant practice has such as effect on memory as to lead to skillful performance on the piano, to recitation of a poem, and even to reading and understanding these words. So-called intelligent behavior demands memory , remembering being a primary requirement for reasoning. The ability to solve any problem or even to recognize that a problem exists depends on memory. Typically, the decision to cross a street is based on remembering many earlier experiences .
Practice (or review) tends to build and maintain memory for a task or for any learned material. Over a period of no practice what has been learned tends to be forgotten; and the adaptive consequences may not seem obvious. Yet, dramatic instances of sudden forgetting can seem to be adaptive. In this sense, the ability to forget can be interpreted to have survived through a process of natural selection in animals. Indeed, when one\'s memory of an emotionally painful experience lead to serious anxiety, forgetting may produce relief. Nevertheless, an evolutionary interpretation might make it difficult to understand how the commonly gradual process of forgetting survived natural selection.
In thinking about the evolution of memory together with all its possible aspects, it is helpful to consider what would happen if memories failed to fade. Forgetting clearly aids orientation in time, since old memories weaken and the new tend to stand out, providing clues for inferring duration. Without forgetting, adaptive ability would suffer, for example ,learned behavior that might have been correct a decade ago may no longer be. Cases are recorded of people who (by ordinary standards) forgot so little that their everyday activities were full of confusion. This forgetting seems to serve that survival of the individual and the species.
Another line of thought assumes a memory storage system of limited capacity that provides adaptive flexibility specifically through forgetting. In this view, continual adjustments are made between learning or memory storage ( input) and forgetting (output) . Indeed, there is evidence that the rate at which individuals forget is directly related to how much they have learned. Such data offers gross support of contemporary models of memory that assume an input-output balance.
二、 译文
过去的经历能影响随后的行为，这种显而易见但却十分重要的行为叫做记忆。如果没有记忆这种功能，学习行为就不可能发生。不断的饿练习对记忆产生影响，使我们能够熟练地演奏钢琴，背诵诗歌，阅读和理解文字。所谓的智力行为需要记忆，记忆也是推理的基础。解决问题能力，甚至识别问题的能力，都要依靠记忆。例如，作出穿越马路的决定就是建立在此前经历的记忆的基础之上的。
练习（或者复习）能够建立和巩固对事情或学到的知识的记忆。如果一段时间没有练习，学到的东西就可能忘掉，这种适应的结果可能并不明显，但是突然性的遗忘就可以看作是适应的结果了。从这个意义上来说，遗忘的能力可以理解成，是在动物的自然选择过程中保留下来的。确实如此，一段令人痛苦的记忆会导致严重的焦虑不安，这时遗忘可以缓解痛苦。然而，这种解释很难真正让人了解，普通的缓慢遗忘过程是怎样从自然选择的过程中保留下来的。
在考虑记忆的进化问题时，可以思考一下，如果记忆永远不会淡忘，那会出现什么情况呢？很显然，遗忘有助于时间上的调整，因为旧的记忆会褪色，而新的记忆会变的更加明显，使我们能够推测事情发生的时间先后。如果不遗忘，人的适应能力就会受到破坏，比如：十年前正确的行为十年后可能已经不再正确了。在一些病历中，有的人遗忘的太少（和普通人相比），以至于他们的行为充满了混淆。这样看来，遗忘似乎有助于个人和整个人类的生存。
另一种猜想是存储记忆的系统的容量是有限的， 因此通过遗忘灵活地进行调整。在学习或者记忆存储（输入）和遗忘（输出）之间不断进行着调整。实际上，有证据表明一个人遗忘的速度和他学习的速度是直接相关的，这些数据完全证明了当代的输入-----输出平衡的记忆模式。
三、 考研核心词汇
influence / 5influEns / n. 1影响, 感化, 势力；有影响的人(或事)2(电磁)感应 vt. 影响, 改变
[例] My parents considered my friend to be a bad influence on me.
我父母认为我朋友对我有不良影响
[同义] affect ， induce， move ，persuade ，prejudice， sway
subsequent / 5sQbsikwEnt / adj. 后来的, 并发的
[例] subsequent events 随后发生的一些事件
[同义] following ，later， next
[反义] previous / 5pri:vjEs / adj. 在前的, 早先的 adv. 在...以前 ， 返回上一级菜单
[派生] subsequence / 5sQbsikwEns / n. 后继, 随后
evidence / 5evidEns / n. 1明显, 显著, 明白2迹象, 根据, [物]证据, 证物
[例] Can you show me any evidence for your statement?
你能给我看你供词的证据吗？
[同义] clue ，data， indication ，proof ，sign
[派生] evident / 5evidEnt / adj. 明显的, 显然的
evidently / 5evidEntli / adv. 明显地, 显然
obvious / 5CbviEs, -vjEs / adj. 明显的, 显而易见的
[例] Indeed, there are many obvious advantages to a five-day week.
的确,实行五天工作制有许多明显的优点。
[同义] apparent ，clear ，distinct， evident ，explicit manifest， plain
[反义] obscure / Eb5skjuE / adj. 暗的, 朦胧的, 模糊的, 晦涩的
vt. 使暗, 使不明显
[派生] obviously / 5RbvIEslI / adv. 明显地
nevertheless / 7nevETE5les / conj. 然而, 不过 adv. 仍然, 不过
[例] She was very tired, nevertheless she kept on working.
她虽然很疲倦，可仍在继续工作。
[同义] although ，anyway ，but ， regardless
remarkable / ri5mB:kEbl / adj. 不平常的, 非凡的, 显著的
[例] Your work has been remarkable this week.
这星期你的工作很出色。
[同义] exceptional ，extraordinary ，great ， notable， noteworthy， special [派生] remark / ri5mB:k / n. 备注, 评论, 注意, 注释 vt. 评论,
注意, 谈及 vi. 谈论
function / 5fQNkFEn / n. 1官能, 功能, 作用, 职责2典礼, 仪式, [数]函数
vi. (器官等)活动, 运行, 行使职责
[例] The old machine won\'t function properly if you don\'t oil it regularly.
那台旧机器如果不经常加油是不能正常运转的。
[同义] act， ceremony ，exercise， gathering ，operate ，perform， rite， ritual ，serve ，service， work
[派生] functional / 5fQNkFEnl / adj. 功能的
constant / 5kCnstEnt / n. [数、物]常数, 恒量 adj. 不变的, 持续的, 坚决的
[例] An absolute constant is fixed and can not be changed.
绝对常数是固定而不可以改变的。
[反义] inconstant / in5kCnstEnt / adj. 变化无常的
[派生] constantly / 5kRnstEntlI / adv. 不变地, 经常地, 坚持不懈地
recitation / resI5teIF(E)n / n. 朗诵, 背诵, 叙述, 背诵的东西
[例] Recitation works for several reasons: First, when you know you are going to recite something in your own words, you pay more attention. Second, you get immediate feedback.
背诵有几个理由：第一，当你知道你将要用自己的话来背诵些东西的时候你就会更加注意。第二，你能够立刻得到反馈。
[派生] recite / ri5sait / v. 背诵, 朗读, 叙述, [律]书面陈述(事实)
recital / ri5saitl / n. 朗诵, 背诵, 叙述, 独奏会, 独唱会
intelligent / in5telidVEnt / adj. 聪明的, 有才智的, [计]智能的
[例] The most intelligent students do additional reading to supplement the material in the textbook.
最聪明的学生用增加阅读量来补充课本的内容。
[同义] aware ，bright， perceptive， rational ，sensible， understanding
[派生] intelligence / in5telidVEns / n. 智力, 聪明, 智能
reasoning / 5ri:zEniN / n. 推理, 评理, 论证 adj. 推理的
[例] His close reasoning gave fibre to his argument.
他严密的逻辑使他的论点强劲有力。
[派生] reason / 5ri:zn / n. 理由, 原因, 动机, 理智, 前提 vt. 说服, 推论, 辩论 vi. 推论, 劝说, 思考
reasonable / 5ri:znEbl / adj. 合理的, 有道理的, 通情达理的, 讲道理的
maintain / men5tein / vt. 1维持；维修, 供养2主张
[例] He failed again and again simply because he had maintained his defeatist attitude.
因为他一直坚持失败主义的态度,所以失败了一次又一次。
[同义] bear， keep ，possess ，preserve ， retain， save， support sustain， uphold
[反义] abandon / E5bAndEn / vt. 放弃, 遗弃 n. 放任, 狂热
[派生] maintenance / 5meintinEns / n. 维护, 保持, 生活费用, 扶养
adaptive / E5dAptiv / adj. 适应的
[例] What we can do is to develop our adaptive abilities to deal with the situation .
我们所能做的就是培养自己的适应能力去适应这种情况。
[派生] adapt / E5dApt / vt. 使适应, 改编
adaptable / E5dAptEbl / adj. 能适应的, 可修改的
instance / 5instEns / n. 1实例2建议, 要求3情况, 场合 vt. 举...为例；获得例证
[例] There are many instances of good people and good deeds nowadays.
现时好人好事的例子很多。
[同义] case ，circumstance， example ，occasion
[固定搭配] at the instance of 应…的请求；for instance 例如，举例说；
anxiety / AN^5zaiEti / n. 忧虑, 焦急, 渴望, 热望
[例] For some people, air travel is a real anxiety.
对一些人来说，飞机旅行是真正使他们焦虑的
[反义] ease / i:z / n. 安逸, 安心, 不费力, 悠闲 vt. 使悠闲, 使安心, 减轻, 放松 vi. 减弱, 减轻, 放松, 灵活地移动
[派生] anxious / 5ANkFEs / adj. 观念的, 担忧的, 渴望的, 盼望的
relief / ri5li:f / n. 1(痛苦等的)减轻2债务等的)免除3救济, 调剂, 安慰
[例] I felt great relief when I heard I had passed the examination.
听说我已经通过了考试，感到轻松多了。
[同义] aid， alleviation ，alternate， assistance， ease， freedom ， release
[派生] relieve / ri5li:v / vt. 减轻, 解除, 援救, 救济, 换班
relievable / ri5li:vEbl / adj. 可减轻的
gradual / 5^rAdjuEl / adj. 逐渐的, 逐步的, 渐进的
[例] There has been a gradual increase in the number of families owning refrigerators.
拥有电冰箱的家庭数一直在逐步增加。
[同义] little by little， slow
[派生] gradually / 5^rAdjJElI / adv. 逐渐地
fade / feid / vi. 1(声音等)减弱下去, 褪色2枯萎, 凋谢 vt. 使褪色
n. 淡入, 淡出 adj. 乏味的, 平淡的
[例] The lights and music faded as we set sail from the harbor.
当我们从海港起航时，光线逐渐变暗，音乐声逐渐减弱
[同义] bleach， decline， dim， droop， dull， fail ， weaken
[反义] bloom / blu:m / n. 花, 旺盛, 青春 v. (使)开花, (使)繁盛
clue / klu: / n. 线索
[例] The police found a clue which will help them catch the robber.
警察发现了能帮助他们抓住强盗的线索。
[同义] evidence， hint， key ，lead ，proof，sign
duration / djuE5reiFEn / n. 持续时间, 为期
[例] We hope the war will be short duration.
我们希望战争是短期的。
[同义] period， term ，time
confusion / kEn5fju:VEn / n. 混乱, 混淆
[例] Words like“ believe” and “receive” are a source of confusion in spelling.
诸如 believe和 receive 这样的词在拼写上容易混淆。
[反义] order / 5C:dE / n. 1次序, 顺序, 正常(工作)状态, 秩序2会议规则3命令, 定购, 定单 vt. 命令, 定购, 定制
[派生] confuse / kEn5fju:z / vt. 搞乱, 使糊涂
confused / kEn5fju:zd / adj. 困惑的, 烦恼的
species / 5spi:Fiz / n. 种类, (原)核素 n. [律]式样 n. [宗]圣餐物
[例] Some species of animals have become extinct because they could not adapt to a changing environment.
\"有一些动物已经灭种了,因为它们不能适应环境的变化。\"
[同义] class ，group， kind， sort ，type， variety
assume / E5sju:m / vt. 1假定, 设想2采取, 呈现
[例] I assume you always get up at the same time.
我想你总是在同一个时间起床。
[同义] adopt， believe， presume ，put on ，suppose ，suspect， think
[反义] conclude / kEn5klu:d / v. 结束, 终止, 决定, 作出结论 vt. 推断, 断定, 缔结, 议定
[派生] assumption / E5sQmpFEn / n. 假定, 设想, 担任, 承当, 假装, 作态
flexibility / 7fleksE5biliti / n. 弹性, 适应性
[例] The flexibility of a man\'s muscles will lessen as he becomes old.
人老了肌肉的柔韧性将降低。
[派生] flexible / 5fleksEbl / adj. 柔韧性, 易曲的, 灵活的
adjustment / E5dVQstmEnt / n. 1调整, 调节2调节器
[例] The government decided to make minor adjustments in oil prices .
政府决定对石油价格略做调整。
[派生] adjust / E5dVQst / vt. 调整, 调节, 校准, 使适合
gross / ^rEus / adj. 总的, 毛重的 n. 总额 vt 总共赚得
[例] The company grossed over $5000000 last year.
该公司去年总共获利在500万美元以上。
[同义] total ， vulgar，whole
[反义] net / net / n. 1网, 网络, 网状物2净利, 实价 adj. 净余的, 纯的vt. 用网捕, 净赚, 得到 vi. 编网
contemporary / kEn5tempErEri / n. 同时代的人 adj. 当代的, 同时代的
[例] Shelley and Keats were contemporaries.
雪莱和济慈是同一时代的人
四、 强化练习
1．By the middle of the twentieth century, painters and sculptors in the United States had begun to exert a great worldwide ________ over art.
A. influence B. consultant C. access D. expect
2．In 1976, something truly ________ happened to the Olympic Flame – it was transformed into an electric pulse, the pulse was then transmitted to an orbiting satellite, and finally, it was converted into a laser beam to relight the Flame!
A. civil B. remarkable C. national D. false
3．A dead chicken that has waited four days in Macedonia for its trip to a British laboratory equipped to check it for ________ of bird flu is finally getting a flight out, courtesy of the Royal Air Force.
A. show B. exhibition C. diversion D. evidence
4．China flew a 49-member rescue team and tons of materials to Pakistan yesterday as a first batch of _______ to its quake-hit neighbor.
A. sink B. relief C. cherish D. devote
5．Too many policymakers and intelligence officers mistake secrecy for intelligence and ______ that information covertly(偷偷摸摸地) acquired is superior to that obtained openly.
A. assume B. deviate C. flee D. fluctuate
6．______ reigned for hours after the disaster, reflecting sometimes inefficient government in this West African nation of 130 million people and its freewheeling air transport system in which a dozen local airlines fly from chaotic airports where crowds fight over seats in planes.
A. Fling B. Confusion C. Designation D. Capital
7．We wonder that age should be feeble and querulous, -- that the freshness of youth should______ away.
A. increase B. deal C. give D. fade
8．Gains in Asia were led by demand for juice drinks such as Orange Pulp by Minute Maid in China, a country that had 9.1 percent _____ domestic product growth last year and which now represents 4 percent of Coke’s global volume.
A. heavy B. gross C. little D. light
9．It also said it would invest another US$500 million to ______ its 9 percent stake in CCB when it is listed.
A. maintain B. balance C. weigh D. measure
10. Scientists say they have found more bones in an Indonesian cave that offer additional evidence of a second human ______ short and hobbit-like that roamed the Earth the same time as modern man.
A. species B. races C. tribes D. aspeccts
答案：ABDBA BDBAA |
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