魔女训练营之突破阅读----8（奖品已发完，参加我们最新的一期吧）

今天咱们还是来一个改版吧~在一个帖子里进行，这样可以省去大家转来转去的时间。

海豚知道也许很多人都已经做过这个真题了，那么可以不做选择题，但是海豚挑出来的3个长难句还是希望大家分析一下结构，翻译一下哦~ 不要忘了我们的主旨就是研究真题，(*^__^*) 嘻嘻……

节选自：2004 第二篇阅读

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1、先看题目，题目的主要部分，也就是一会儿我们在看文章的时候要注意哪些内容，海豚已经用绿色表示出来了：
46. What does the author intend to illustrate with AAAA cars and Zodiac cars?
47. What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?
46问的是提到AAAA cars and Zodiac cars的目的，一会儿去看文章的时候，要留意AAAA cars and Zodiac cars附近的句子。
47问的是头三段的推断，老老实实看文章去吧~(*^__^*) 嘻嘻……

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2、现在是原文，大家回忆一下刚才看过的题干给我们的提示哦，一会儿要留意。
         呵呵，不知道字体够不够大？

Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet. 　　It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoë Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K. 　　Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush's predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chrétien and Koizumi). The world's three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world's five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht).

46. What does the author intend to illustrate with AAAA cars and Zodiac cars? 　　[A] A kind of overlooked inequality. 　　[b) A type of conspicuous bias. 　　[C] A type of personal prejudice. 　　[D] A kind of brand discrimination. 47. What can we infer from the first three paragraphs? 　　[A] In both East and West, names are essential to success. 　　[b) The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoë Zysman. 　　[C] Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies' names. 　　[D] Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.

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3、写下您的答案，然后看解析哦，然后分析、翻译下面的句子，有额外奖励~~~
[answer]1[/answer]

①This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.

②It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories.

③Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush's predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half.



DICT.
condemn（声讨，谴责） 即con加强意义+demn詛咒指责。we all condem cruelty to children.我们一致谴责虐待儿童的行为 The meat was condemned as unfairt for human consumption.这种肉已宣布不适宜食用。
insidious （暗中进行的，不知不觉的）insidious diease 潜伏的疾病  the insidious approach of age不知不觉就老了 （ life is short and time is swift .孩子们努力吧！）thrive （兴旺，繁荣）  He that will thrive, must rise at five. [谚]五更起床, 百事兴旺。
thumb through （ 翻阅[书页] ）
suspiciously  （猜疑地;形迹可疑） Everything was suspiciously quiet. 一切静的离奇。predecessor  （前辈；[被取代的] 原有事物） 即pre－前面+cess-走+or-人→“走在我们前面的人”→“前辈”。 John Adams was Jefforson’s predecessor as President. 杰弗逊的前任总统是约翰－亚当斯The new proposal is better than its predecessor.新的建议比原来的好。

前几期阅读魔女训练营地址：
[魔女训练营]阅读----初级技能4
[魔女训练营]阅读----初级技能3
[魔女训练营]阅读----初级技能2
[魔女训练营]阅读----初级技能1
[魔女训练营]阅读第一篇----STEP1
[魔女训练营]阅读第二篇----STEP1
[魔女训练营]阅读第三篇----STEP1
[魔女训练营]阅读第四篇----STEP1
[魔女训练营]阅读第五篇----STEP1
[魔女训练营]阅读第六篇----STEP1
[魔女训练营]阅读第七篇----STEP 1

魔女训练营攻克长难句系列

[ 本帖最后由 海豚宝贝 于 2007-10-17 12:57 编辑 ]

海豚的答案分析~~~（仅供参考）
46、在第二段的地方看到了AAAA cars and Zodiac cars，粗略看完第二段，大概说的是大家好像更容易注意到AAAA cars ，为什么呢？“thumb through their phone directories”，翻阅电话本？好像懂一些了，再回头看看第一段。说的是字母顺序。
那么我们来看一下选项。
A、一种受人忽略的不平等
B、一种易见的偏见
C、一种个人偏见
D、一种品牌歧视
为什么A的会比Z的公司更多人注意呢？因为翻电话本的时候，A排在前面啊。那么这就不属于偏见或者歧视了，而是无意中的忽略，是不是？嘻嘻。
所以选A
这一题是考察考生对原文论点和论据的把握能力。显然，第1自然段作者提出了论点，而第2自然段为举证。

47. 题干问：我们从前三段得出的推论是什么？本题可以从以下三方面考虑。首先，作者整篇文章的态度是否定和批判的。其次，篇章的重要话题是歧视“discriminaiton”。其三，第1自然段中出现了“insidious”一词，第2自然段中出现了“has long been known”表达，都说明了这种现象常常被人们忽视。
   所以我们就会知道，重点是“忽视”
A、无论在东方或西方，名字对成功都是至关重要的
B、Zoë Zysman的失败归咎于字母表
C、消费者经常太多地关注公司的名字
这三个选项看着都是说名字或者字母的。看着好像谁都对啊……
那么我们看一下D，某种歧视太微妙而不易引人注意。这个选项是不是更具概括性呢？
这个是根据原文可以得出的推理。
所以这么看，前面三个选项就是原文片语表达断章取义的表述了。

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长难句解析：
①This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.
解析：主干是this refers to discrimination。主语this 和谓语refers to之间插入了介词短语for those作状语，those 后跟着形容词短语unaware of…作定语，宾语discrimination 后跟介词短语against those作定语，those后又有whose引导的定语从句。
注意：两个逗号之间是补充说明成分,阅读时可以先跳过不读。

②It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories.
解析：It has long been known that…是一个固定句式，意思是“长久以来人们都知道…”。
其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that从句；从句本身又是一个复合句，开始是主句 a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars ，其中分词结构called AAA cars 是后置定语，修饰firm,后面的when 引导一个时间状语从句。
英语中为了避免头重脚轻，通常把较长的主语放在句子后面，而以放在句首的形式主语it代替它。

③Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush\'s predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half.
解析：主干是由and连接的两个分句，即American president and vice-president have surnames，and 26 of…had surnames。第一个分句的宾语surnames后是分词结构starting with作定语；第二个分句宾语紧跟的介词结构in the first half of the alphabet作定语，另外一个分词结构…的完整形式是against just 16 of George Bush\'s predecessors had surnames in the second half（和前一部分对应）

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整段翻译：
在过去的一个世纪里各种各样的不公和歧视遭到了谴责或定为非法。但是有一种隐蔽的形式还在蔓延：按字母表顺序排名。对于尚未意识到其危害的人来说，它指的是对那些姓氏起始字母位于字母表后半部的人的歧视。
　　人们早已知道在客户翻阅电话簿时，名叫AAAA的出租汽车公司要比Zodiac出租汽车公司有很大的优越性。至于在生活方面Adam Abbott较之Zoë Zysman的优越性就不那么为人所知了。英语的姓名虽然在字母表的前后两半部分的分布相当平均，但顶级人物的姓名的首字母在A与K之间的却多得可疑。
　　如此这般，美国的总统和副总统的姓氏分别是以B和C字母起头。乔治•布什的前任有二十六位（包括其父）的姓氏均在字母表的前半部，而姓氏在字母表后半部的却仅有十六位。更加令人瞩目的是七大富裕强国政府的首脑中有六位在其姓氏按字母表顺序排名时靠前（Berlusconi，Blair，Bush，Chirac，Chrétien，Koizumi）。世界三大中央银行行长（Greenspan，Duisenberg，Hayami）全都接近字母表的上端，三人之中有一人即使用日文也是如此。世界上最富有的前五位情况也是如此（Gates，Buffett，Allen，Ellison，Albrecht）。

[ 本帖最后由 海豚宝贝 于 2007-10-10 05:09 PM 编辑 ]

B,A!

[ 本帖最后由 海豚宝贝 于 2007-10-10 07:14 PM 编辑 ]

46。A 47。D

[ 本帖最后由 海豚宝贝 于 2007-10-10 07:15 PM 编辑 ]

第一个 A
第二个D

[ 本帖最后由 海豚宝贝 于 2007-10-10 08:06 PM 编辑 ]

已经看到你的翻译了   所以不好意思再画蛇添足  呵呵

1.A
2.D

[ 本帖最后由 海豚宝贝 于 2007-10-10 08:07 PM 编辑 ]

谢谢解答，虽然对了，但有些侥幸

1b
2D
1这,是对于那些姓排在字母表后半部分的，还没有意识到这是种缺点的人们来说的
2一直以来大家都知道，当人们在电话簿里查找里，叫ＡＡＡＡ的计程车比叫Ｚ．的车要有利
3像美国总统和副总统的姓分别以Ｂ和Ｃ来开头，而且在布什的前辈们（包括他的父亲）中有２６位姓是在字母表前半部分而只有１６位是在后半部分

啊！错了个！

[ 本帖最后由 chouxiaoxu 于 2007-10-10 08:27 PM 编辑 ]

46 A
47 D
1 这（指字母表歧视）对那些姓氏首字母在字母表后半部分的人有歧视，而人们还未意识到这个不利之处。
2 当顾客查阅电话号码簿时，很明显，名为AAAA出租车公司比 Zodiac的公司更有优势。
3 因此，美国总统和副总统的姓氏首字母分别是B和C，乔治．布什之前有26人（包括他的父亲）姓氏首字母是在字母表的前半部分，而只有16人的姓氏首字母在后半部分。
谢谢海豚啊！