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今天是感恩节闲暇之余,别忘了给你的父母、曾经帮助过你的人,表达你的感激之情哦~~当然今天也是天心月圆的生日,终于有机会用这个图案了 本期节目,小王子看在……的份上,不再“毒害”众生,今天的内容,简单易做,你尽可能轻松地往下看,然后自己也做一份, just kill the time for “ cooking ” !
Have fun!!~~[answerfly]1[/answerfly]
(§开始阅读之前,我想复习一下上一期§)
【 考研英译汉难点总结之一 】 ( ㊣ 资料来自《 考研英语英译汉四步定位翻译法 》 )
英译汉中的代词( 3 )
5 疑问代词:总共有 5 个—— who,whose ,whom,which,what. 在考研英译汉中出现最多的是 who,which 和what. 这些疑问代词往往要翻译成名词。
例一 : There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.Historians , especially those so blinded by their research interests that they have been accused of “ tunnel method ,” frequently fall victim to the “ technicist fallacy. ” Also common in the natural sciences , the technicist fallacy mistakenly identifies the discipline as a whole with certain parts of its technical implementation. It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources.And to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques.
分析:句中两个 who 的使用是典型的英语表达,它们使整个句子构成一个表达多层次意思的复合句。而汉语喜欢使用简单句,两个 who 引导的从句显然和主句分开译比较好,它们分别修饰 traditional historians 和 social science historians 这样一来, who 指代什么名词就应该译成什么名词,直译为“谁”肯定是行不通的。
例二 : Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.
分析: which 在句中引导宾语从句(注意不是定于从句,如果是它就该是介词 of 的宾语,二句中 which 不能既作介词宾语又作从句主语,从而导致从句缺主语),因此不是指代前面的名词 issue, 而是指代更前面的 pure science 和 technology 中间的任何一个,故明确解释翻译成“哪一方(纯科学或者技术)或者“纯科学和技术哪一方”。
6 关系代词:在考研中英译汉中主要有 which 和 that 两个词。由关系代词引导的往往是定语从句,修饰或说明前面的先行词,如果这个从句较简单,则采用合译法,关系代词不用翻译;如果这个从句比较复杂,则采用拆译法,关系代词的翻译往往是重复先行词。
例一: How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.
分析: which 在句中指代前面的先行词 skill and wisdom ,由于 which 后面的从句较短,可以合译成“解释( it )的技巧和智慧”, which 不用译出;如果分开来译,则是“( it )通过这些技巧和智慧来解释。”
例二: Tylor defined culture as “…that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society”.
分析: 由于 which 前面只有个带修饰语的名词, which 这时译成“它”是很清楚的,如果译成“这个 + 先行词”当然也不会有问题,只不过有些啰嗦。
★代词翻译的小小总结 & 规律★ : 只要见到代词就要清楚它指代什么,译文中用代词不清楚时就用名词来表达,哪怕有些啰嗦也要多用名词,只有在明显清楚或者找不到合适的名词时采用代词。
【
高高兴兴做作业,轻轻松松收考元】
1 请下面的句子翻译成中文。
There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.Historians , especially those so blinded by their research interests that they have been accused of “ tunnel method ,” frequently fall victim to the “ technicist fallacy. ” Also common in the natural sciences , the technicist fallacy mistakenly identifies the discipline as a whole with certain parts of its technical implementation.
It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources.And to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques. ( 1999 年英译汉真题)
2 请下面的句子翻译成中文。
In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can not be well defined. (1994 年英译汉真题 )
3 请下面的句子翻译成中文。
Tylor defined culture as “…that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society”. (2003 年英译汉真题 )
【不得不恋规则】
1从以上句子中选取两个进行练习,参与者均奖励22KY。只完成一句或不按要求做者,恕不奖励。三句全完成者奖励30KY
2 说说你的翻译技巧,或对本节目的建议意见,积极参与者均奖励20KY
【不得不恋栏目计划】 :每期大约三句供选择,每周一至周六开课,周日自己回顾
~~~答案仅供参考,佳译在你笔下~~~ 【
1这个错误同样存在于传统历史学家和社会科学历史学家中,传统历史学者(或译为“前者”)把历史仅仅看作是外部和内部对历史资料的批评,社会科学历史学家则把他们的研究活动
看作是具体的方法的研究。
2一般来说,当所要测定的特征能够最为精确地定义时,测试效果最好,当所要测定或者预测的特征不能很好地定义时,测试效果最差。
3泰勒把文化定义为“…… 一个复合整体,它包括人作为社会成员获得的信仰,艺术、道德、法律,风俗以及其他能力和习惯。”(或泰勒把文化定义为“…… 一个复杂的整体,它包括信仰,艺术、道德、法律,风俗,以及人作为社会成员获得的其他能力和习惯。”) 】
~~休闲一句:Man is not made for defeat. A man can be destroyed but not defeated.人并不是生来给打败的.人可消灭,但打不败.
------Hemingway, The Old Man and the Sea(海明威)~~
【穿越研英】冲击翻译,不得不恋 节目索引:
第一期的链接地址:http://bbs.freekaoyan.com/thread-335256-1-1.html
第二期的链接地址:http://bbs.freekaoyan.com/thread-335556-1-1.html
第三期的链接地址:http://bbs.freekaoyan.com/thread-335803-1-1.html
第四期的链接地址:http://bbs.freekaoyan.com/thread-336069-1-1.html
第五期的链接地址:http://bbs.freekaoyan.com/thread-336359-1-1.html
第六期的链接地址:http://bbs.freekaoyan.com/thread-336531-1-1.html
第七期的链接地址:http://bbs.freekaoyan.com/thread-336841-1-1.html
第八期的链接地址:http://bbs.freekaoyan.com/thread-337068-1-1.html
第九期的链接地址:http://bbs.freekaoyan.com/thread-337619-1-1.html
第十期的链接地址:http://bbs.freekaoyan.com/thread-337869-1-1.html
第十一期的链接地址:http://bbs.freekaoyan.com/thread-338055-1-1.html
第十二期的链接地址:http://bbs.freekaoyan.com/thread-338331-1-1.html
[ 本帖最后由 tangshufang 于 2008-11-27 12:56 编辑 ] |